Leontodontinae

Common cat's-ear Hypochaeris radicata, from here.

Belongs within: Cichorieae.

The Leontodontinae contains the hawkbits and related plants. They are distinguished from other subtribes in the Cichorioideae by their pappus of plumose bristles, rather than scales or capillary bristles. The receptacle bears chaffy scales in Hypochaeris, cat's-ears, but is naked in other genera (Black & Robertson 1965). Tragopogon porrifolius (salsify) and Scorzonera laciniata (scorzonera) are grown as root vegetables.

Characters (from Black & Robertson 1965): Flower-heads homogamous, flowers all bisexual; style with plano-convex branches attenuated towards summit, bearing stigmatic papillae on whole of inner and well-developed collecting hairs on outside down to below place where branches fork; anthers acute or acuminate at base; pappus of plumose bristles.

<==Leontodontinae
    |--Urospermum picroides (Linnaeus) Scopoli ex Schmidt 1795 BR65, PL04
    |--Tragopogon BR65
    |    |--T. dubius RS98
    |    |--T. orientalis BN99
    |    |--T. porrifolius BR65
    |    `--T. pratensis RS98
    |--Scorzonera BR65
    |    |--S. cana Y98
    |    |--S. cretica PT98
    |    |--S. elata PT98
    |    |--S. hispanica H93
    |    |--S. laciniata [=Podospermum laciniatum] BR65
    |    `--S. sublanata PT98
    |--Picris Linnaeus 1753 BR65, A61
    |    |--P. angustifolia GK00
    |    |--P. burbidgei LM98
    |    |--P. cyanocarpa AGF98
    |    |--P. echioides [=Helminthia echioides] BR65
    |    |--P. hieracioides Linnaeus 1753 A61
    |    |    |--P. h. var. hieracioides BR65
    |    |    |--P. h. var. glabrata Hooker 1853 [incl. P. attenuata Cunn. 1839] A61
    |    |    |--P. h. var. spinulosa P37
    |    |    `--P. h. var. squarrosa BR65
    |    `--P. pauciflora PT98
    |--Leontodon BR65
    |    |--L. autumnalis PAE98
    |    |--L. crispus Vill. 1779 PL04
    |    |    |--L. c. ssp. crispus PL04
    |    |    `--L. c. ssp. graecus (Boissier & Heldreich) Hayek 1931 PL04
    |    |--L. hirtus C06
    |    |--L. hispidus M30
    |    |--L. incanum C55
    |    |--L. taraxacoides J87 [incl. Thrincia hirta BR65, L. leysseri H93]
    |    |    |--L. t. ssp. taraxacoides H93
    |    |    `--L. t. ssp. longirostris H93
    |    `--L. tuberosus Linnaeus 1753 PL04
    `--Hypochaeris BR65 [incl. Achyrophorus S06]
         |--H. acaulis TS03
         |--H. achyrophorus Linnaeus 1753 PL04
         |--H. arenaria D03
         |--H. glabra BR65
         |    |--H. g. var. glabra BR65
         |    |--H. g. var. arachnoidea BR65
         |    |--H. g. var. loiseleuriana BR65
         |    `--H. g. var. minima BR65
         |--H. lutea LBM08
         |--H. poeppigii D03
         `--H. radicata BR65
              |--H. r. var. radicata BR65
              `--H. r. var. heterocarpa BR65

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AGF98] Abd El-Ghani, M. M., & A. G. Fahmy. 1998. Composition of and changes in the spontaneous flora of Feiran Oasis, S Sinai, Egypt, in the last 60 years. Willdenowia 28: 123–134.

[A61] Allan, H. H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand vol. 1. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones. R. E. Owen, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[BR65] Black, J. M., & E. L. Robertson. 1965. Flora of South Australia. Part IV. Oleaceae–Compositae. W. L. Hawes, Government Printer: Adelaide.

[BN99] Bungener, P., S. Nussbaum, A. Grub & J. Fuhrer. 1999. Growth response of grassland species to ozone in relation to soil moisture condition and plant strategy. New Phytologist 142: 283–293.

[C55] Candolle, A. de. 1855. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 1. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[C06] Cheeseman, T. F. 1906. Manual of the New Zealand Flora. John Mackay, Government Printer: Wellington.

[D03] Dusén, P. 1903. The vegetation of western Patagonia. In: Scott, W. B. (ed.) Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896–1899 vol. 8. Botany pp. 1–34. The University: Princeton (New Jersey).

[GK00] Gibson, N., & G. J. Keighery. 2000. Flora and vegetation of the Byenup-Muir reserve system, south-west Western Australia. CALMScience 3 (3): 323–402.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[J87] Judd, W. S. 1987. Floristic study of Morne La Visite and Pic Macaya National Parks, Haiti. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum—Biological Sciences 32 (1): 1–136.

[LM98] Lange, P. J. de, & B. G. Murray. 1998. Senecio repangae (Asteraceae): a new endemic species from the north-eastern North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 36: 509–519.

[LBM08] Lüdtke, R., I. I. Boldrini & S. T. S. Miotto. 2008. Polygala altomontana (Polygalaceae), a new species from southern Brazil. Kew Bulletin 63 (4): 665–667.

[M30] Moss, C. E. 1930. Some natural hybrids of Clematis, Anemone, and Gerbera from the Transvaal. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London 141: 36–40.

[PAE98] Pakeman, R. J., J. P. Attwood & J. Engelen. 1998. Sources of plants colonizing experimentally disturbed patches in an acidic grassland, in eastern England. Journal of Ecology 86: 1032–1041.

[PT98] Panitsa, M., & D. Tzanoudakis. 1998. Contribution to the study of the Greek flora: flora and vegetation of the E Aegean islands Agathonisi and Pharmakonisi. Willdenowia 28: 95–116.

[P37] Parker, H. L. 1937. On the oviposition habits of Stilbula cynipiformis Rossi (Hymen., Eucharidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 39 (1): 1–3.

[PL04] Pohl, G., & I. Lenski. 2004. Zur Verbreitung und Vergesellschaftung von Pennisetum orientale Rich. in Nordeuböa (Griechenland) (Poaceae, Paniceae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 83 (2): 209–223.

[RS98] Ramsey, J., & D. W. Schemske. 1998. Pathways, mechanisms, and rates of polyploid formation in flowering plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29: 467–501.

[S06] Stuckert, T. 1906. Distribución geográfica de la flora Argentina. Géneros de la familia de las compuestas. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, serie 3, 6: 303–309.

[TS03] Tremetsberger, K., T. F. Stuessy, Y.-P. Guo, C. M. Baeza, H. Weiss & R. M. Samuel. 2003. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) variation within and among populations of Hypochaeris acaulis (Asteraceae) of Andean southern South America. Taxon 52: 237–245.

[Y98] Yannitsaros, A. 1998. Additions to the flora of Kithira (Greece) I. Willdenowia 28: 77–94.

Last updated: 2 June 2019.