Belongs within: Neoaves.
The Ciconiidae are the storks, large long-legged and -billed birds found primarily in warmer parts of the world. Storks do not produce any vocalisations, but do communicate by rattling their bills (Austin 1961). Most storks have straight dagger-like bills, but the wood storks Mycteria have bills that are down-curved at the end, while the openbill storks Anastomus have the upper and lower mandibles arched away from each other and meeting only at the tip.
Characters (from Austin 1961): Toes partially webbed at base; hind toe elevated. Powder down patches absent. Syrinx unmuscled.
<==Ciconiidae [Melanopelargidae]
|--Ciconia Brisson 1760 M02 [incl. Melanopelargus Reichenbach 1852 B94]
| | i. s.: C. gaudryi Lambrecht 1933 M02
| | C. kahli Haarhoff 1988 B93
| | C. leucocephala Scl66
| | C. maltha FP64
| | C. sarmatica Grigorescu & Kessler 1977 M02
| | C. stehlini Jánossy 1992 M02
| |--+--C. abdimii JT12
| | `--+--C. episcopus JT12
| | `--C. stormi JT12
| `--+--C. nigra (Linnaeus 1758) JT12, I92
| `--+--C. maguari JT12
| `--+--C. boyciana Swinhoe 1873 JT12, I92 [=C. ciconia boyciana I92]
| `--C. ciconia JT12
`--+--Leptoptilos Lesson 1831 JT12, M02 [Leptoptilidae]
| |--L. crumeniferus Ma03
| |--L. dubius VR72
| |--L. falconeri VR72
| |--L. javanicus VR72
| |--L. pliocenicus Zubareva 1948 [=Leptoptilus (l. c.) pliocenicus] M02
| `--L. titan VR72
`--+--+--Jabiru mycteria JT12
| `--Ephippiorhynchus JT12
| |--E. asiaticus Mo03
| | |--E. a. asiaticus Mo03
| | `--E. a. australis Mo03
| `--E. senegalensis FP64
`--Mycteria Linnaeus 1758 JT12, B94 (see below for synonymy)
| i. s.: ‘Ibis’ cayennensis K08
| ‘Ibis’ cristata Sch66
| ‘Tantalus’ lacteus K08
| ‘Ibis’ religiosa Sch66
|--M. americana JT12 [incl. *Tantalus loculalor B94]
`--+--M. ibis JT12 [=Tantalus ibis B94, Ibis ibis B94, Pseudotantalus ibis B94; incl. *I. candidus B94]
`--+--M. cinerea JT12 [=Ibis cinerea B94, Pseudotantalus cinereus B94]
`--M. leucocephala JT12 [=Ibis leucocephalus B94, Pseudotantalus leucocephalus B94]
Ciconiidae incertae sedis:
‘Cygnus’ bilinicus Laube 1909 [=Aquilavus bilinicus] M02
Palaeoephippiorhynchus VR72
Ciconiopsis VR72
Prociconia VR72
Palaeopelargus VR72
Pelargosteon Kretzoi 1962 M02
`--*P. tothi Kretzoi 1962 M02
Grallavis Cheneval 1984 M02
`--*G. edwardsi (Lydekker 1891) [=Propelargus edwardsi] M02
Anastomus Bonnaterre 1791 [Anastomidae] B94
|--A. lamelligerus Ma03
`--A. oscitans SU93
Dissoura K08
|--D. episcopus K08
`--D. microscelis K08
Xenorhynchus asiaticus (Latham 1790) [=Mycteria asiatica] WS48
|--X. a. asiaticus WS48
`--X. a. australis (Shaw 1800) [=Mycteria australis; incl. X. asiaticus rogersi Mathews 1912] WS48
Nomen nudum: Tantalus brecciensis Giebel 1847 [=*Tantaleus brecciensis] M02
Mycteria Linnaeus 1758 JT12, B94 [incl. Ibis Lacépède 1799 B94, Tantaleus Reichenbach 1852 (n. n.) M02, Tantalus Linné 1766 B94; Mycteriidae, Tantalidae]
*Type species of generic name indicated
REFERENCES
Austin, O. L., Jr. 1961. Birds of the World: A survey of the twenty-seven orders and one hundred and fifty-five families. Paul Hamlyn: London.
[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1-281.
[B93] Brooke, R. K. 1993. Annotated catalogue of the Aves type specimens in the South African Museum. Annals of the South African Museum 102 (10): 327-349.
[FP64] Fisher, J., & R. T. Peterson. 1964. The World of Birds: A comprehensive guide to general ornithology. Macdonald: London.
[I92] Iwahashi, J. (ed.) 1992. Reddo Deeta Animaruzu: a pictorial of Japanese fauna facing extinction. JICC: Tokyo.
[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444-448.
[K08] Kellogg, V. L. 1908. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den Umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905–1906, 15. Corrodentia, 4. Mallophaga. Almqvist & Wiksells Boktryckeri-A. B.: Uppsala.
[Ma03] Mayr, G. 2003. The phylogenetic affinities of the shoebill (Balaeniceps rex). Journal für Ornithologie 144: 157-175.
[M02] Mlíkovský, J. 2002. Cenozoic Birds of the World. Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press: Praha.
[Mo03] Morcombe, M. 2003. Field Guide to Australian Birds, 2nd ed. Steve Parish Publishing.
[Sch66] Schlegel, H. 1866. Communication from, on mammals and birds collected in Madagascar. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 419-426.
[Scl66] Sclater, P. L. 1866. Notice of recent additions to the Society's menagerie. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 418-419.
[SU93] Sonobe, K., & S. Usui (eds.) 1993. A Field Guide to the Waterbirds of Asia. Wild Bird Society of Japan: Tokyo.
[VR72] Vickers Rich, P. 1972. A fossil avifauna from the Upper Miocene Beglia Formation of Tunisia. Notes du Service Géologique 35: 29-66.
[WS48] Whittell, H. M. & D. L. Serventy. 1948. A systematic list of the birds of Western Australia. Public Library, Museum and Art Gallery of Western Australia, Special Publication 1: 1-126.
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