Belongs within: Sylvioidea.
Contains: 'Ammomanes' deserti, Mirafra, Spizocorys, Calandrella, Alauda, Galerida.
The Alaudidae are the larks, a family of insectivorous birds found primarily in the Old World (a single species, the horned lark Eremophila alpestris, is found in the Americas). Few larks are very colorful, but they generally have powerful songs which they perform in flight. The sparrow-larks of the genus Eremopterix are stout-billed birds that differ from most other larks in having marked sexual dimorphism, with the males more boldly patterned than the females
Characters (from Austin 1961): Wings long, pointed; ten primaries present, but tenth primary much reduced. Rear of tarsus rounded and scaled; hind toe with long, straight claw.
<==Alaudidae [Alaudina]
| i. s.: Pinarocorys JT12
| |--P. erythropygia JT12
| `--P. nigricans JT12
| Rhamphocoris clotbey JT12
| Pseudalaemon fremantlii JT12
| Heteromirafra JT12
| |--H. archeri JT12
| |--H. ruddi JT12
| `--H. sidamoensis JT12
|--+--Eremopterix Kaup 1836 JT12, B94 [incl. Pyrrhulauda Smith 1839 B94; Pyrrhulaudidae]
| | |--E. leucopareia JT12
| | |--E. leucotis L03
| | | |--E. l. leucotis L03
| | | `--E. l. melanocephala (Lichtenstein 1823) [incl. Pyrrhulauda lacteidorsalis Shelley 1903] L03
| | |--E. nigriceps JF06
| | | |--E. n. nigriceps L03
| | | `--E. n. albifrons (Sundevall 1850) [incl. Pyrrhulauda butleri Shelley 1903] L03
| | |--E. signatus JT12
| | `--E. verticalis JF06
| `--Ammomanes JT12
| |--A. cinctura JT12
| | |--A. c. cinctura L03
| | |--A. c. arenicolor (Sundevall 1851) [incl. Melanocorypha elegans Brehm 1855] L03
| | `--A. c. zarudnyi Hartert 1902 [=A. cincturus zarudnyi] L03
| `--A. phoenicura JT12
| |--A. p. phoenicura L03
| `--A. p. testaceus K03
`--+--‘Ammomanes’ deserti BKB15
|--+--Calendulauda BKB15
| | |--C. sabota BKB15
| | `--+--C. albescens BKB15
| | `--+--C. burra BKB15
| | `--+--C. barlowi BKB15
| | `--C. erythrochlamys BKB15
| `--+--Alaemon BKB15
| | |--A. alaudipes (Desfontaine 1789) L03
| | | |--A. a. alaudipes [incl. Certhilauda meridionalis Brehm 1854] L03
| | | `--A. a. boavistae Hartert 1917 L03
| | `--A. hamertoni JT12
| `--+--Certhilauda Swainson 1827 JT12, B94 [Certhilaudidae]
| | | i. s.: C. erythrochlamys JT12
| | |--C. chuana JT12
| | `--+--+--C. benguelensis JF06
| | | `--C. subcoronata JT12
| | `--+--C. semitorquata JT12
| | `--+--C. brevirostris JF06
| | `--+--C. curvirostris JT12
| | `--C. falcirostris BKB15
| `--+--Ammomanopsis grayi BKB15 [=Ammomanes grayi JT12]
| `--Chersomanes albofasciata JT12 [=Certhilauda albofasciata L03]
| |--C. a. albofasciata L03
| |--C. a. bathoeni (Winterbottom 1958) [=Certhilauda albofasciata bathoeni] B93
| |--C. a. erikssoni (Hartert 1907) [=Certhilauda albofasciata erikssoni] L03
| |--C. a. macdonaldi (Winterbottom 1958) [=Certhilauda albofasciata macdonaldi] B93
| `--C. a. obscurata (Hartert 1907) [=Certhilauda albofasciata obscurata] L03
`--+--+--‘Mirafra’ sabota JT12
| `--+--‘Certhilauda’ albescens JT12
| `--+--‘Certhilauda’ barlowi JT12
| `--‘Certhilauda’ burra JT12
`--+--Mirafra JT12
`--+--‘Mirafra’ africana BKB15
| |--M. a. africana L03
| |--M. a. athi Hartert 1900 [incl. M. africana dohertyi Hartert 1907] L03
| |--M. a. harterti Neumann 1908 L03
| |--M. a. kabalii Wahite 1943 L03
| |--M. a. malbranti Chapin 1946 L03
| |--M. a. transvaalensis Hartert 1900 L03
| `--M. a. tropicalis Hartert 1900 L03
|--‘Eremopterix’ australis BKB15
`--+--Chersophilus duponti BKB15
`--+--+--Eremalauda dunni (Shelley 1904) BKB15, L03 (see below for synonymy)
| `--+--‘Calandrella’ acutirostris BKB15
| `--‘Calandrella’ rufescens (Vieillot 1820) JT12, L03 [=Alauda rufescens L03]
| |--C. r. rufescens [incl. C. pispoletta canariensis Hartert 1901] L03
| |--C. r. aharonii Hartert 1910 [=C. minor aharonii] L03
| |--C. r. apetzii (Brehm 1857) (see below for synonymy) L03
| |--C. r. nicolli Hartert 1909 [=C. minor nicolli] L03
| `--C. r. polatzeki Hartert 1904 [=C. minor polatzeki] L03
`--+--Eremophila Boie 1828 JT12, BKB15
| |--E. alpestris (Linnaeus 1758) L03
| | |--E. a. alpestris (see below for synonymy) L03
| | |--E. a. bicornis (Brehm 1842) [=Phileremos bicornis] L03
| | `--E. a. longirostris (Moore 1856) (see below for synonymy) L03
| `--E. bilopha JF06
`--+--Spizocorys BKB15
`--+--+--Melanocorypha Boie 1828 BKB15, M02 [Melanocoryphidae]
| | |--M. calandra (Linné 1766) L03
| | | |--M. c. calandra (see below for synonymy) L03
| | | |--M. c. gaza Meinertzhagen 1919 [=M. bimaculata gaza] L03
| | | |--M. c. hebraica Meinertzhagen 1920 L03
| | | `--M. c. psammochroa Hartert 1904 L03
| | |--M. leucoptera JT12
| | |--M. maxima JT12
| | |--M. mongolica (Pall. 1776) [=Alauda mongolica] M01
| | `--M. yeltoniensis L03
| `--+--+--Eremalauda starki JT12 [=Calandrella starki B93]
| | | |--E. s. starki B93
| | | `--E. s. gregaria (see below for synonymy) B93
| | `--‘Melanocorypha’ bimaculata BKB15
| | |--M. b. bimaculata L03
| | `--M. b. rufescens Brehm 1855 (see below for synonymy) L03
| `--Calandrella BKB15
`--+--Lullula Kaup 1829 BKB15, M02
| `--L. arborea (Linnaeus 1758) [=Alauda arborea] M02
`--+--Alauda JT12
`--Galerida JT12
Calandrella rufescens apetzii (Brehm 1857) [=Melanocorypha apetzii; incl. C. baetica Dresser 1873] L03
Eremalauda starki gregaria [incl. Calandrella hamiltoni Sclater ex Brooke 1993 (n. n.)] B93
Eremalauda dunni (Shelley 1904) BKB15, L03 [incl. Calendula dunni pallidior Hartert 1921 L03]
Eremophila alpestris alpestris (Linnaeus 1758) [incl. Phileremos glacialis Brehm 1842, P. rufescens Brehm 1855] L03
Eremophila alpestris longirostris (Moore 1856) [incl. E. alpestris deosai Meinertzhagen & Meinertzhagen 1926] L03
Melanocorypha bimaculata rufescens Brehm 1855 non Alauda rufescens Vieillot 1820 (not preoc. if in dif. gen.) [=M. bimaculata meinertzhageni Wolters 1952] L03
Melanocorypha calandra calandra (Linné 1766) [incl. M. calandra megarhynchos Brehm 1856, Alauda calandra megarhynchos, M. semitorquata Brehm 1856] L03
*Type species of generic name indicated
REFERENCES
Austin, O. L., Jr. 1961. Birds of the World: A survey of the twenty-seven orders and one hundred and fifty-five families. Paul Hamlyn: London.
[B94] Bock, W. J. 1994. History and nomenclature of avian family-group names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 222: 1–281.
[B93] Brooke, R. K. 1993. Annotated catalogue of the Aves type specimens in the South African Museum. Annals of the South African Museum 102 (10): 327–349.
[BKB15] Burleigh, J. G., R. T. Kimball & E. L. Braun. 2015. Building the avian tree of life using a large-scale, sparse supermatrix. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 53–63.
[JT12] Jetz, W., G. H. Thomas, J. B. Joy, K. Hartmann & A. Ø. Mooers. 2012. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature 491: 444–448.
[JF06] Jønsson, K. A., & J. Fjeldså. 2006. A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds. Zoologica Scripta 35: 149–186.
[L03] LeCroy, M. 2003. Type specimens of birds in the American Museum of Natural History. Part 5. Passeriformes: Alaudidae, Hirundinidae, Motacillidae, Campephagidae, Pycnonotidae, Irenidae, Laniidae, Vangidae, Bombycillidae, Dulidae, Cinclidae, Troglodytidae, and Mimidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 278: 1–156.
[M01] Madarász, J. 1901. Madarak [Vögel]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] Band II. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 21–39. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.
[M02] Mlíkovský, J. 2002. Cenozoic Birds of the World. Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press: Praha.
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