Scaphitoidea

Scaphites sp., copyright DanielCD.

Belongs within: Leptoceras.

The Scaphitaceae are a group of heteromorphic ammonites known from the Cretaceous, characterised by a lengthening of the saddle between lobes L and U in the sutures. Members of this group have an open-coiled shell as in the early genus Hamites, or an involute phragmocone with an uncoiled hook-shaped living chamber as in the later Scaphitidae. The Albian Eoscaphites provides a link between the two forms with an open first spiral followed by a closely coiled second spiral (Wiedmann 1969).

<==Scaphitoidea [Scaphitaceae]
    |--Hamites [Hamitidae] W69
    |    `--H. tenuis W69
    `--Scaphitidae EK02
         |  i. s.: Clioscaphites K79
         |           |--C. choteauensis K79
         |           |--C. montanaensis K79
         |           |--C. novimexicanus K79
         |           |--C. saxitonianus K79
         |           `--C. vermiformis TLY03
         |         Desmoscaphites K79
         |         Jeletzkytes Riccardi 1983 EK02
         |         Holcoscaphites Nowak 1911 EK02
         |         Yezoites Yabe 1910 EK02
         |           `--Y. puerculus TLY03
         |         Worthoceras Adkins 1928 EK02
         |           |--W. gibbosum K79
         |           `--W. vermiculum K79
         |         Discoscaphites Meek 1870 EK02
         |           |--D. abyssinus K79
         |           |--D. cheyennensis K79
         |           |--D. conradi K79
         |           |--D. erucoideus K79
         |           |--D. mandensis K79
         |           |--D. nebrascensis K79
         |           `--D. roanensis K79
         |--Eoscaphites W69
         |    |--E. circularis W69
         |    `--E. subcircularis W69
         `--+--Rhaeboceras W69
            |--Haresiceras W69
            |    |--H. mancosense K79
            |    |--H. montanaense K79
            |    |--H. natronense K79
            |    `--H. placentiforme K79
            `--Scaphites Parkinson 1811 W69, EK02
                 |--S. arcadiensis K79
                 |--S. binneyi K79
                 |--S. carlilensis K79
                 |--S. constrictus [=Hoploscaphites constrictus] CP02
                 |--S. corvensis K79
                 |--S. depressus K79
                 |--S. equalis W69
                 |--S. eruciformis Etheridge 1902 F71
                 |--S. ferronensis K79
                 |--S. frontierensis K79
                 |--S. geinitzi K79
                 |--S. (Scaphites) hippocrepis W69
                 |--S. leei K79
                 |--S. mariasensis K79
                 |--S. multicostatum K79
                 |--S. nicolleti (Morton 1842) [=Hoploscaphites nicolleti] CF06
                 |--S. nigricollensis W69
                 |--S. obliquus W69
                 |--S. (Indoscaphites) pavana W69
                 |--S. planus K79
                 |--S. preventricosus TLY03
                 |--S. reesidei K79
                 |--S. simplex W69
                 |--S. ventricosus K79
                 |--S. warreni Meek & Hayden 1860 W77
                 `--S. whitfieldi TLY03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CP02] Christopher, R. A., & D. C. Prowell. 2002. A palynological biozonation for the Maastrichtian stage (Upper Cretaceous) of South Carolina, USA. Cretaceous Research 23: 639–669.

[CF06] Crawford, R. S., R. F. Feldmann, D. A. Waugh, B. M. Kelley & J. G. Allen. 2006. Decapod crustaceans from the Maastrichtian Fox Hills formation. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 47 (1–2): 3–28.

[EK02] Engeser, T., & H. Keupp. 2002. Phylogeny of the aptychi-possessing Neoammonoidea (Aptychophora nov., Cephalopoda). Lethaia 35: 79–96.

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.

[K79] Kauffman, E. G. 1979. Cretaceous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A418–A487. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[TLY03] Tanabe, K., N. H. Landman & Y. Yoshioka. 2003. Intra- and interspecific variation in the early internal shell features of some Cretaceous ammonoids. Journal of Paleontology 77 (5): 876–887.

[W77] White, C. A. 1877. Report upon the invertebrate fossils collected in portions of Nevada, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, by parties of the expeditions of 1871, 1872, 1873, and 1874. U.S. Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian 4 (1): 1–219, pls 1–21.

[W69] Wiedmann, J. 1969. The heteromorphs and ammonoid extinction. Biological Reviews 44: 563–602.