Belongs within: Blattoidea.
Contains: Mantoidea.
The Mantodea, mantids, are a lineage of Dictyoptera (cockroaches and relatives) that have become adapted for a predatory lifestyle. They are distinguished from other dictyopterans by the absence of a shield-like pronotum. Except for the basal Cretaceous Baissomantis, mantids possess raptorial forelegs with a large apical spine on the tibia, and an oblique veinlike 'pseudovein' near the basal forks of the M and CuA veins (Grimaldi & Engel 2005). In the modern Paraoxypilinae, males are fully winged while the females are brachypterous or wingless (Rentz 1996).
<==Mantodea [Mantida]
| i. s.: Prohierodula WBM03
| Eobrunneria tesselata Z02
| Leptocola stanleyana GE05
| Regiatidae GR02
| |--Ptotachaeta GR02
| `--Regiata scutra GE05
| Galinthias amoena I92
|--Baissomantis [Baissomantidae] GE05
`--+--Jersimantis GE05
|--Chaeteessites minutissimus GE05, Z02
|--Burmantis GE05
`--+--Electromantis GE05
|--Santanmantis Grimaldi 2003 GE05, V10
| `--S. axelrodi GE05
|--Cretomantis [Cretomantidae] GE05
| `--C. larvalis Z02
`--+--Cretophotina tristriata GE05, Z02
|--Ambermantis wozniaki GE05
`--+--Chaetessidae GE05
| |--Chaeteessa longialata GE05, Z02
| |--Vitimophotina Z02
| |--Arverineura GE05
| `--Lithophotina GE05
`--+--Mantoida [Mantoididae] GE05
|--Metallyticus [Metallyticidae] GE05
`--+--Paraoxypilinae R96 [Amorphoscelidae GE05]
| |--Paraoxypilus tasmaniensis R96
| |--Gyromantis kraussi R96
| `--Nesoxypilus R96
| |--N. albomaculatus R96
| `--N. pseudomyrmex R96
`--+--Eremiaphilidae Z02
|--Helvia [Acanthopidae] Z02
`--Mantoidea GE05
*Type species of generic name indicated
REFERENCES
[GR02] Gorochov, A. V., & A. P. Rasnitsyn. 2002. Superorder Gryllidea Laicharting, 1781 (=Orthopteroidea Handlirsch, 1903). In History of Insects (A. P. Rasnitsyn & D. L. J. Quicke, eds) pp. 293-303. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.
[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.
[I92] Imes, R. 1992. The Practical Entomologist. Aurum Press: London.
[R96] Rentz, D. 1996. Grasshopper Country: The abundant orthopteroid insects of Australia. University of New South Wales Press: Sydney.
[V10] Vršanský, P. 2010. Cockroach as the earliest eusocial animal. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 84 (4): 793-808.
[WBM03] Whiting, M. F., S. Bradler & T. Maxwell. 2003. Loss and recovery of wings in stick insects. Nature 421: 264-267.
[Z02] Zherikhin, V. V. 2002. Order Mantida Latreille, 1802. The mantises (=Mantodea Burmeister, 1838). In History of Insects (A. P. Rasnitsyn & D. L. J. Quicke, eds) pp. 273-276. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.
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