Bryaceae

Bryum warneum, copyright Des Callaghan.

Belongs within: Bryidae.
Contains: Webera subgenus Eu-Webera, Bryum section Eu-Bryum, Bryum section Leucodontium.

The Bryaceae are a large family of mosses found world-wide. Members of the family often have erect stems and form short turfs. The Bryaceae has recently been treated in a more restricted sense than previously, with the removal of groups such as Pohlia and Mielichhoferia to other families. Members of the type genus Bryum are densely tufted mosses with more or less ovate leaves, that usually bear pendulous capsules on a long seta (Dixon 1924).

Characters (from Smith & Smith 2004): Dioicous, autoicous or synoicous. Usually erect tufted or turf-forming plants. Leaves broadly ovate to lanceolate, often forming comal tuft, frequently bordered with narrow elongate cells; costa well-developed, often excurrent; cells thin-walled, frequently rhomboid-hexagonal, smooth, pellucid. Setae long; capsules inclined to pendulous, ovoid to cylindrical, with differentiated neck; peristome usually double, inner ring often with well-developed basal membrane, cilia present or not; calyptrae cucullate.

<==Bryaceae
    |--Pleurophascum Lindb. 1875 SK02
    |    |--P. grandiglobum Lindb. 1875 [=Phascum grandiglobum] SK02
    |    `--P. occidentale Wyatt & Stoneb. 1989 SK02
    |--Oreas mielichhoferi [incl. Mielichhoferia nitida] D24
    |    |--O. m. var. mielichhoferi D24
    |    `--O. m. var. elongata (see below for synonymy) D24
    |--Plagiobryum D24
    |    |--P. demissum [=Meesia demissa, Zieria demissa] D24
    |    `--P. zierii [=Bryum zierii; incl. Zieria julacea] D24
    |--Webera D24
    |    |  i. s.: W. alticaulis D03b
    |    |         W. lonchochaete Dusén 1903 D03b
    |    |         W. philonotea D03b
    |    |         W. sphagnadelphus D03b
    |    |--W. (subg. Epipterygium) tozeri [=Bryum tozeri] D24
    |    `--W. subg. Eu-Webera D24
    |--Rhodobryum (Schimp.) Hampe 1874 SK02
    |    |--R. aubertii (Schwägr.) Thér. 1922 (see below for synonymy) SK02
    |    |--R. commersonii [=Bryum commersonii] SK02
    |    |--R. domingense J87
    |    |--R. giganteum PK03
    |    |--R. humipetens (Müll.Hal.) Paris 1900 [=Bryum humipetens] SK02
    |    |--R. roseodens (Müll.Hal.) Paris 1897 [=Bryum roseodens Müll.Hal. 1876] SK02
    |    `--R. roseum N02 [=Bryum roseum D24, Mnium roseum D24; incl. B. proliferum D24]
    |--Anomobryum Schimp. 1860 SK02
    |    |--A. auratum (Mitt.) Jaeger 1875 [incl. A. cymbifolium] SK02
    |    |--‘Bryum’ concinnatum D24
    |    |--A. filiforme [=Bryum filiforme; incl. B. julaceum] D24
    |    |    |--A. f. var. filiforme D24
    |    |    `--‘Bryum’ f. var. juliforme [=Anomobryum juliforme] D24
    |    |--A. harriottii (R.Br.bis) Dixon 1926 SK02
    |    |--A. lanatum (Palisot de Beauvois) Spence & Ramsay 2002 SK02 (see below for synonymy)
    |    `--A. subrotundifolium (Jaeger) Spence & Ramsay 2002 (see below for synonymy) SK02
    |--Brachymenium Schwägr. 1824 SK02
    |    |--B. exile (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Sande Lac. 1860 SK02
    |    |--B. klotzschii (Schwägr.) Paris 1894 SK02
    |    |--B. lanceolatum Hooker & Wilson 1859 [=Bryum lanceolatum] SK02
    |    |--B. magellanicum D03b
    |    |--B. melanothecium SK02
    |    |--B. mexicanum Montagne 1838 SK02
    |    |--B. nepalense Hooker 1824 SK02
    |    |--B. ochianum N02
    |    |--B. preissianum (Hampe) Jaeger 1875 (see below for synonymy) SK02
    |    |--B. semperlaxum (Müll.Hal.) Jaeger 1875 [=Bryum semperlaxum] SK02
    |    `--B. wattsii Broth. 1918 SK02
    |--Rosulabryum Spence 1996 SK02
    |    |--R. albolimbatum (Hampe) Spence 1996 (see below for synonymy) SK02
    |    |--R. billarderi (Schwägr.) Spence 1996 (see below for synonymy) SK02
    |    |--R. campylothecium (Taylor) Spence 1996 (see below for synonymy) SK02
    |    |--R. capillare (Hedw.) Spence 1996 (see below for synonymy) SK02
    |    |    |--R. c. var. capillare D24
    |    |    |--‘Bryum’ c. var. flaccidum D24
    |    |    |--‘Bryum’ c. var. macrocarpum D24
    |    |    `--‘Bryum’ c. var. rosulatum D24
    |    |--R. epiphytum Spence & Ramsay 1999 SK02
    |    |--R. lamingtonicum Spence & Ramsay 1999 SK02
    |    |--R. leptothrix (Müll.Hal.) Spence 1996 [=Bryum leptothrix Müll.Hal. 1898] SK02
    |    |--R. microrhodon (Müll.Hal.) Spence 1996 (see below for synonymy) SK02
    |    |--R. queenslandicum Spence & Ramsay 1999 SK02
    |    |--R. subfasciculatum (Hampe) Spence 1996 (see below for synonymy) SK02
    |    |--R. subtomentosum (Hampe) Spence 1996 (see below for synonymy) SK02
    |    |--R. torquescens (Bruch ex De Not.) Spence 1996 SK02 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--R. tuberosum (Mohammed & Damanhuri) Spence 1996 SK02
    |    `--R. wightii (Mitt.) Spence 1996 [=Bryum wightii Mitt. 1859] SK02
    `--Bryum Hedw. 1801 SK02
         |  i. s.: ‘Brachymenium’ acuminatum Harv. ex Hooker 1836 [incl. Bryum multicaule] SK02
         |         B. algovicum Sendtn. ex Müll.Hal. 1851 [incl. B. angustirete] SK02
         |         B. altisetum Müll.Hal. 1898 SK02
         |           |--B. a. var. altisetum SK02
         |           `--B. a. var. humilisetum Müll.Hal. 1898 SK02
         |         B. amblyacis Müll.Hal. 1898 [=Rhodobryum amblyacis; incl. B. subflavifolium (nom. inv.)] SK02
         |         B. amblyodon Müll.Hal. 1879 SK02
         |         B. apiculatum Schwägr. 1816 (see below for synonymy) SK02
         |         B. arenae D03b
         |         B. atrovirens N02
         |         B. australe Hampe 1844 SK02
         |         B. badhwari N02
         |         B. baeuerlenii Müll.Hal. 1898 [=B. bauerlenii (l. c.)] SK02
         |         B. bataea Müll.Hal. 1898 [=B. bateanum (n. n.)] SK02
         |         B. blandum Hooker & Wilson 1844 SK02
         |           |--B. b. var. blandum (see below for synonymy) SK02
         |           `--B. b. var. luridum Wilson 1854 SK02
         |         B. bornholmense M08
         |         B. brachycladulum Müll.Hal. 1898 SK02
         |         B. calodictyon Broth. 1916 SK02
         |         B. cellulare Hooker 1827 (see below for synonymy) SK02
         |         B. chlororhodon Müll.Hal. 1898 [=Rhodobryum chlororhodon] SK02
         |         B. chrysoneuron Müll.Hal. 1851 (see below for synonymy) SK02
         |         B. clavatum (Schimp.) Müll.Hal. 1848 (see below for synonymy) SK02
         |         B. claviger D24
         |         ‘Brachymenium’ coarctatum Bosch & Sande Lac. 1860 SK02
         |         B. coronatum Schwägr. 1816 (see below for synonymy) SK02
         |         B. crassum Hooker & Wilson 1854 [incl. B. austroalpinum] SK02
         |         B. creberrimum Taylor 1846 SK02
         |         B. cruegeri J87
         |         B. densifolium Brid. 1827 SK02
         |         ‘Leptostomum’ depile Müll.Hal. 1901 SK02
         |         B. dichotomum Hedw. 1801 (see below for synonymy) SK02
         |         B. eremaeum Catches. ex Spence & Ramsay 1996 SK02
         |         B. funckii M08
         |         B. gemmatum D03b
         |         B. gemmiferum M08
         |         B. greenwoodii B57
         |         B. hatcheri Dusén 1903 D03b
         |         B. inaequale Taylor 1846 [incl. B. brevicoma (n. n.)] SK02
         |         ‘Brachymenium’ indicum (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Sande Lac. 1860 SK02
         |         B. klinggraeffii M08
         |         B. laevigatum Hooker & Wilson 1844 (see below for synonymy) SK02
         |         B. lamprochaete Dusén 1903 D03b
         |         B. limbatum J87
         |         B. limbifolium Broth. & Watts 1915 SK02
         |         B. lisae SK02
         |           |--B. l. var. lisae SK02
         |           `--B. l. var. cuspidatum SK02
         |         B. lonchocaulon M08
         |         B. lonchochaete D03b
         |         B. macrantherum D03b
         |         B. minusculum D03b
         |         B. minutissimum Müll.Hal. 1898 SK02
         |         B. mucronatum Mitt. 1867 SK02
         |         B. pachytheca Müll.Hal. 1848 SK02
         |           |--B. p. var. pachytheca (see below for synonymy) SK02
         |           |--B. p. var. crassinerve Wilson ex Watts & Whitel. 1906 SK02
         |           `--B. p. var. inflatum Wilson 1859 SK02
         |         B. paradoxum N02
         |         B. perlimbatum Cardot 1905 SK02
         |         B. plumosum Dozy & Molk. 1844 SG07
         |         B. radiculosum Brid. 1817 SK02
         |         B. recurvulum N02
         |         B. rigochaete Dusén 1903 D03b
         |         B. rubicundum C.M. 1859 D24
         |         B. ruderale M08
         |         B. ‘sabulosum’ Catches. ex Spence & Ramsay 1996 (preoc.) SK02
         |         B. spegazzinii D03b
         |         B. subapiculatum Hampe 1872 [incl. B. caespiticioides, B. microerythrocarpum, B. tryonii] SK02
         |         B. subelegans M08
         |         B. sullivanii Müll.Hal. 1893 SK02
         |         B. tenuisetum Limpr. 1897 SK02
         |         B. validinervium D03b
         |         B. vernicosum Dusén 1903 D03b
         |         B. violaceum M08
         |         B. wallaceanum Müll.Hal. 1898 SK02
         |--B. sect. Eu-Bryum D24
         |--B. sect. Cladodium D24
         |    |--B. calophyllum D24
         |    |--B. inclinatum [=Pohlia inclinata] D24
         |    |--B. lacustre [=Mnium lacustre] D24
         |    |--B. lawersianum D24
         |    |--B. lindbergii D24
         |    |--B. mammillatum D24
         |    |--B. marrattii D24
         |    |--B. purpurascens [=Pohlia purpurascens; incl. B. rufum] D24
         |    `--B. uliginosum [=Cladodium uliginosum] D24
         |--B. sect. Leucodontium D24
         `--B. sect. Ptychostomum D24
              |--B. arcticum D24
              |--B. pendulum [incl. B. cernuum] D24
              |    |--B. p. var. pendulum D24
              |    `--B. p. var. compactum D24
              `--B. warneum D24

Nomina nuda: Bryum acithecium Müll.Hal. 1901 [=Brachythecium acithecium Watts & Whitel. 1906] SK02
             Bryum aerugo Dusén 1903 D03b
             Bryum leptothecium var. alpinum Watts & Whitel. 1906 non B. alpinum Huds. ex Withering 1801 SK02
             Bryum angeiophyllum Müll.Hal. 1901 SK02
             Bryum anisodontaceum Dusén 1903 D03b
             Bryum attenuatum Stirling ex Watts & Whitelegge 1906 SK02
             Bryum brevigemmatum Dusén 1903 D03b
             Bryum campylopus Müll.Hal. 1901 SK02
             Bryum capillaripes Müll.Hal. ex Watts & Whitelegge 1906 SK02
             Bryum capitellatum Müll.Hal. ex Watts & Whitelegge 1906 SK02
             Bryum cartilagineum Fleischer 1922 [=Patellidium cartilagineum Müll.Hal. ex Fleischer 1922] SK02
             Bryum conostomoides Müll.Hal. 1901 SK02
             Bryum coronatoaffine Müll.Hal. ex Bailey 1886 SK02
             Bryum billarderi var. cygnicollum Watts & Whitel. 1906 SK02
             Bryum demissum Dusén 1903 D03b
             Bryum erythrocarpulum Broth. ex Watts & Whitel. 1906 SK02
             Bryum extenuatum Brid. ex Watts & Whitelegge 1906 non B. curvicollum var. extenuatum SK02
             Bryum flaccidisetum Hampe ex Watts & Whitelegge 1906 SK02
             Bryum flavo-pallidum Dusén 1903 D03b
             Bryum hamatum Dusén 1903 D03b
             Bryum incanifolium Müll.Hal. 1901 SK02
             Bryum leuco-aristatum Dusén 1903 D03b
             Bryum leucoloma Broth. ex Burges 1935 SK02
             Bryum liliputanum Dusén 1903 D03b
             Bryum madoriculum Müll.Hal. ex Watts & Whitel. 1906 SK02
             Bryum coronatum f. minor Hampe 1846 SK02
             Bryum australe var. minus Hampe ex Sond. 1853 non B. coronatum f. minor Hampe 1846 SK02
             Bryum australe var. minor Mitt. 1882 nec B. coronatum f. minor Hampe 1846 nec B. australe var. minus Hampe ex Sond. 1853 SK02
             Bryum subatropurpureum var. minus Broth. ex Watts & Whitel. 1906 nec B. coronatum f. minor Hampe 1846 nec B. australe var. minus Hampe ex Sond. 1853 nec B. erythropyxis f. minor Broth. ex Watts 1901 SK02
             Bryum myurella Dusén 1903 D03b
             Bryum nanoides Müll.Hal. ex Watts & Whitel. 1906 SK02
             Bryum nanotorquescens Müll.Hal. ex Watts & Whitel. 1906 SK02
             Bryum pachypomatoides Hampe 1880 SK02
             Bryum pachypyxis Müll.Hal. ex Watts & Whitel. 1906 SK02
             Bryum pervenustum Müll.Hal. 1901 SK02
             Bryum pruinosum Müll.Hal. ex Watts & Whitel. 1906 SK02
             Bryum pseudopallescens Hampe & Müll.Hal. ex Mitt. 1882 SK02
             Bryum coronatum f. robusta Broth. & Watts 1915 SK02
             Bryum rotundum Hampe ex Watts & Whitel. 1906 SK02
             Bryum steffeni Dusén 1903 D03a
             Bryum subcampylothecium Broth. ex Müll.Hal. 1901 SK02
             Bryum subdichotomum Müll.Hal. ex Muell. 1880 SK02
             Bryum subinclinatum Watts & Whitel. 1906 SK02
             Bryum subleptothecium Müll.Hal. ex Geh. 1876 [=Rhodobryum subleptothecium Paris 1897] SK02
             Bryum subpilosum Watts & Whitel. 1906 SK02
             Bryum subpseudotriquetrum Broth. ex Burges 1935 SK02
             Bryum tenuirete Dusén 1903 D03b
             Bryum timmiaecaulon Dusén 1903 D03a
             Bryum weymouthii Broth. ex Müll.Hal. 1901 SK02
             Webera timmiaecaulon Dusén 1903 D03b

Anomobryum lanatum (Palisot de Beauvois) Spence & Ramsay 2002 SK02 [=Bryum argenteum var. lanatum (Palisot de Beauvois) Hampe 1839 SK02, B. lanatum (Palisot de Beauvois) Brid. 1817 SK02, Mnium lanatum D24]

Anomobryum subrotundifolium (Jaeger) Spence & Ramsay 2002 [=Bryum subrotundifolium Jaeger 1879, Argyrobryum subrotundum (nom. inv.)] SK02

Brachymenium preissianum (Hampe) Jaeger 1875 [=Bryum preissianum; incl. Bra. chloroblastum (n. n.), Bryum chloroblastum (n. n.), Bra. pilosithecium (n. n.), Bryum pilosithecium (n. n.)] SK02

Bryum apiculatum Schwägr. 1816 [incl. B. baileyi, B. kurandae, B. micropachypoma (nom. inv.), B. nitens, B. pachypoma, B. pachypomatulum, B. subpachypoma, B. tenuicostatum (n. n.)] SK02

Bryum blandum Hooker & Wilson 1844 var. blandum [incl. Amblystegium oblongifolium, B. oblongifolium, Hypnum oblongifolium (preoc.), B. virgatum (n. n.)] SK02

Bryum cellulare Hooker 1827 [incl. Brachymenium novae-valesiae (n. n.), Plagiobryum wildii, Bryum wildii, Zieria wildii] SK02

Bryum chrysoneuron Müll.Hal. 1851 [incl. B. erythrocarpon var. australe (nom. inv.) non B. australe Hampe 1844, B. duriusculum, B. erythrocarpon (nom. inv.), B. leptopelma, B. lonchoneuron, B. microthecium, B. suberythrocarpum, B. wattsii] SK02

Bryum clavatum (Schimp.) Müll.Hal. 1848 [incl. B. curvicollum, B. diversinerve, B. erythrocarpoides, B. curvicollum var. extenuatum, B. filarium, B. filicaule (n. n.), B. kiamae, B. laevigatulum, B. subcurvicollum, B. suberythrocarpulum (n. n.), B. sublaevigatum (n. n.)] SK02

Bryum coronatum Schwägr. 1816 [incl. B. brevicaule (preoc.), B. curtum, B. iteratum, B. macropelma (preoc.), B. subatropurpureum] SK02

Bryum dichotomum Hedw. 1801 [incl. B. aequicollum, B. annulatum, B. argillicola, B. bicolor, B. brachytheciella, B. philonotoideum, B. pimpanae, B. subcupulatum] SK02

Bryum laevigatum Hooker & Wilson 1844 [=B. levigatum (l. c.); incl. B. crassinerve non B. pachytheca var. crassinerve Wilson ex Watts & Whitel. 1906, B. eximium] SK02

Bryum pachytheca Müll.Hal. 1848 var. pachytheca [incl. B. balanoides, B. callicostatum (n. n.), B. campbelliae (n. n.), B. cupulatum, B. gambierense, B. gambierense var. nanum (n. n.), B. ovicarpum, B. pachythecioides (n. n.), B. piligerum (n. n.), B. subaeneum] SK02

Oreas mielichhoferi var. elongata [=Mielichhoferia elongata; incl. O. mielichhoferi var. compacta, O. mielichhoferi var. gracilis] D24

Rhodobryum aubertii (Schwägr.) Thér. 1922 [=Bryum aubertii; incl. B. leptothecium var. extenuatum (n. n.) nec B. curvicollum var. extenuatum nec B. extenuatum Brid. ex Watts & Whitelegge 1906, B. graeffeanum, Rhodobryum graeffeanum, R. leucocanthum, Bryum leucocanthum, B. laucocanthum (l. c.), B. leucacanthum (l. c.), B. leucanthemum (nom. inv.), Rhodobryum olivaceum, B. olivaceum, R. subcrispatulum (nom. inv.), B. subcrispatum, R. subcrispatum] SK02

Rosulabryum albolimbatum (Hampe) Spence 1996 [=Rhodobryum albolimbatum, Bryum albolimbatum (Hampe) Jaeger 1875, B. altolimbatum (l. c.); incl. Rhodobryum pusillum] SK02

Rosulabryum billarderi (Schwägr.) Spence 1996 [=Bryum billarderi Schwägr. 1816; incl. B. abruptinervium, Rhodobryum abruptinervium, B. aeruginosum, B. angeiothecium, Rhodobryum angeiothecium, B. brachyaris (n. n.), B. rufescens var. brevifolium, Rhodobryum breviramulosum, B. breviramulosum, B. brunneidens, Rhodobryum brunneidens, B. canariense, B. crenatidens (n. n.), Rhodobryum crispatum, B. crispatum (preoc.), B. dobsonianum, Rhodobryum dobsonianum, B. flavifolium, Rh. flavifolium, B. forsythii, B. globulare (n. n.), B. ischyrorhodon, Rhodobryum ischyrorhodon, B. leptothecium, Rh. leptothecium, B. leucothecium, Rh. leucothecium, B. pohliaeopsis, Rh. pohliaeopsis, B. robustum, Rh. robustum, Rh. tasmanicum (nom. illeg.), B. truncorum, Rh. viridulum] SK02

Rosulabryum campylothecium (Taylor) Spence 1996 [=Bryum campylothecium Taylor 1846, Rhodobryum campylothecium, B. camptothecium (l. c.); incl. B. howeanum, B. pallenticoma, Rhodobryum pallenticoma, Rh. peraristatum, Bryum peraristatum (preoc.)] SK02

Rosulabryum capillare (Hedw.) Spence 1996 [=Bryum capillare Hedw. 1801; incl. B. flaccidifolium (n. n.), B. immarginatum, B. leptothecioides, B. luehmannianum, Rhodobryum luehmannianum, B. microsporum, B. erythropyxis f. minor Broth. ex Watts 1901 (n. n.) nec B. coronatum f. minor Hampe 1846 nec B. australe var. minus Hampe ex Sond. 1853, B. plebejum, B. sublonginervium (n. n.), B. whiteleggei (n. n.)] SK02

Rosulabryum microrhodon (Müll.Hal.) Spence 1996 [=Bryum microrhodon Müll.Hal. 1898, Rhodobryum microrhodon (n. n.); incl. B. rufescens var. mammillatum] SK02

Rosulabryum subfasciculatum (Hampe) Spence 1996 [=Rhodobryum subfasciculatum, Bryum subfasciculatum (Hampe) Hampe 1880; incl. B. amoenum (n. n.), B. chrysophyllum, B. dilatatomarginatum, Rhodobryum dilatatomarginatum, B. subolivaceum, Rh. subolivaceum, B. subviolaceum (l. c.), B. terrae-reginae Dixon ex Ramsay & Seur 1994 (n. n.)] SK02

Rosulabryum subtomentosum (Hampe) Spence 1996 [=Rhodobryum subtomentosum, Bryum subtomentosum (Hampe) Hampe 1880; incl. B. billarderi var. platyloma Mohamed 1979] SK02

Rosulabryum torquescens (Bruch ex De Not.) Spence 1996 SK02 [=Bryum torquescens Bruch ex De Not. 1838 SK02, B. capillare ssp. torquescens SK02; incl. B. erythropyxis SK02, Rhodobryum erythropyxis SK02, B. capillare var. obconicum D24, SK02, B. pyrothecium SK02, Rhodobryum pyrothecium SK02, B. subtorquescens (n. n.) SK02, B. synoicum SK02]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B57] Bartram, E. B. 1957. Additional Fijian mosses, III. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 46 (12): 392–396.

[D24] Dixon, H. N. 1924. The Student's Handbook of British Mosses 3rd ed. V. V. Sumfield: Eastbourne.

[D03a] Dusén, P. 1903. The vegetation of western Patagonia. In: Scott, W. B. (ed.) Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896–1899 vol. 8. Botany pp. 1–34. The University: Princeton (New Jersey).

[D03b] Dusén, P. 1903b. Patagonian and Fuegian mosses. In: Scott, W. B. (ed.) Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896–1899 vol. 8. Botany pp. 63–126. The University: Princeton (New Jersey).

[J87] Judd, W. S. 1987. Floristic study of Morne La Visite and Pic Macaya National Parks, Haiti. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum—Biological Sciences 32 (1): 1–136.

[M08] Marstaller, R. 2008. Moosgesellschaften am Südrand des Kyffhäusergebirges bei Bad Frankenhausen (Kyffhäuserkreis). 130. Beitrag zur Moosvegetation Thüringens. Mauritiana 20 (2): 289–348.

[N02] Negi, H. R. 2002. Abundance and diversity of moss communities of Chopta-Tunganath in the Garhwal Himalaya. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 99 (3): 418–433.

[PK03] Piippo, S., & T. Koponen. 2003. Review of the bryofloristic connections of New Guinea Island. Telopea 10 (1): 467–476.

[SG07] Singh, S. K., & J. P. Ghosh. 2007. Bryo-diversity in Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah, West Bengal. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 49 (1–4): 155–164.

Smith, A. J. E., & R. Smith. 2004. The Moss Flora of Britain and Ireland, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press.

[SK02] Streimann, H., & N. Klazenga. 2002. Catalogue of Australian Mosses. Flora of Australia Supplementary Series 17. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.

Last updated: 28 December 2017.