Naticidae

Naticarius alapapilionis, photographed by Neville Coleman.

Belongs within: Hypsogastropoda.
Contains: Uber, Euspira, Polinices, Natica, Sinum.

The Naticidae, moon shells, are carnivorous intertidal marine gastropods. Their name comes from the globular shiny shell of most species though members of the Sininae have flattened, ear-shaped shells. In life, the shell is covered or nearly covered by the expanded foot and the animal moves just below the surface of the sand in which it lives, leaving a visible trail. Moon shells are predators of other molluscs, using their radula (assisted by acid secretions) to bore a neat hole through the shell of their prey. Historically, the subfamilies Naticinae and Polinicinae have been distinguished by whether the operculum is calcareous or horny, respectively, but recent phylogenetic studies have not supported this distinction. The New Zealand genus Globisinum lacks an operculum and the animal has a greatly enlarged spongy foot that cannot be completely retracted.

<==Naticidae [Anoperculatae, Aspidophora, Naticacea, Naticina, Naticoidea, Sinidae]
    |--Globisinum Marwick 1924 [Globisininae] BR05
    |    |--*G. drewi (Murdoch 1899) P61 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--G. crassiliratum Finlay 1926 F27a
    |    |--G. elegans A27
    |    |--G. miocaenicum A27
    |    |--G. pritchardi (Cossmann 1907) [=Natica pritchardi, N. arata Tate 1893 non Morris & Lycett 1854] F27b
    |    `--G. undulatum [=Ampullina undulata] F27a
    `--Naticinae [Polinicinae] BR05
         |  i. s.: Euspira BR05
         |         Choristes Carpenter in Dawson 1872 BR05, ICZN03 [Choristacea, Choristeidae]
         |           |--*C. elegans Carpenter 1872 BR17
         |           `--C. coani Marincovich 1975 BC01
         |         Mammilla Schumacher 1817 [Mammillinae] BR05
         |           |--*M. fasciata Schumacher 1817 BR17
         |           |--M. mammata (Roeding 1781) [=Albula mammata] P61
         |           |--M. opaca Recluz 1851 WG71
         |           |--M. sebae Souleyet 1844 WG71
         |           `--M. simiae Deshayes 1838 WG71
         |--Polinices S11
         `--+--+--‘Natica’ livida Pfeiffer 1840 S11
            |  |    |--N. l. livida BC01
            |  |    `--N. l. oceani Usticke 1959 BC01
            |  `--+--‘Natica’ marochiensis (Gmelin 1791) S11
            |     `--+--Stigmaulax sulcatus (Born 1778) S11
            |        `--Naticarius Duméril 1806 S11, WG71
            |             |--N. alapapilionis Röding 1798 WG71
            |             |--N. canrenus (Linné 1758) S11
            |             |--N. cayenensis Récluz 1850 S11
            |             |--N. oncus Röding 1798 [incl. N. chinensis Lamarck 1822] WG71
            |             |--N. oteroi Fernandes & Rolán 1990 BC01
            |             `--N. vittatus BC01
            |                  |--N. v. vittatus BC01
            |                  `--N. v. corimbensis Fernandes & Rolán 1990 BC01
            `--+--Natica S11
               `--+--+--Naticina Gray 1847 BR17 [=Eunaticina Fischer 1885 S11, BR05; Eunaticini, Eunaticinini]
                  |  |    |--*N. papilla (Gmelin 1791) BR17 (see below for synonymy)
                  |  |    `--‘Eunaticina’ oldroydii Dall 1897 O27
                  |  `--Sininae BD12
                  |       |--Cryptostomus Blainville 1818 [Cryptostomidae] BR05
                  |       `--Sinum S11
                  `--+--‘Polinices’ lewisii (Gould 1847) S11 [=P. (Euspira) lewisii O27]
                     `--+--Conuber sordidus (Swainson 1821) S11
                        `--Neverita Risso 1826 S11, BR05 [Neveritina, Neveritinae]
                             |--*N. josephinia Risso 1826 BR17
                             |--N. duplicata (Say 1822) S11 [=Polinices duplicata M63]
                             |--N. glauca C64
                             |--N. lamonae Marincovich 1975 BC01
                             |--N. patula C64
                             `--N. recluziana (Deshayes 1841) [=Polinices (Neverita) recluzianus] O27
                                  |--N. r. recluziana O27
                                  |--N. r. alta (Dall 1909) [=Polinices recluzianus alta] O27
                                  `--N. r. imperforata (Stearns 1909) [=Polinices recluzianus imperforata] O27

Naticidae incertae sedis:
  Mamillaria Swainson 1840 WG71
    `--M. powisiana Recluz 1844 WG71
  Notocochlis Powell 1933 WG71
    |--*N. migratoria (Powell 1927) [=Cochlis migratoria] P61
    |--N. gualteriana (Recluz 1844) BW09
    `--N. sagittata Menke 1843 WG71
  Sigaretotrema Sacco 1890 WG71
    `--S. umbilicata Quoy & Gaimard 1833 WG71
  Ectosinum Iredale 1931 WG71
    `--E. zonale Quoy & Gaimard 1833 WG71
  Uber F27a
  Amauropsella F27a
  Lunatia F27b
    |--L. approximata (Etheridge & Bell in Harmer 1919) (see below for synonymy) F27b
    |--L. gilva ZLK11
    |--L. heros (Say 1822) S11
    |--L. lewisii Gld. 1847 (see below for synonymy) C64
    |--L. pallida C64 [=Natica pallida C64; incl. N. lactea J64]
    |--L. pallidoides C64
    |--L. pila GAS03
    `--L. septentrionalis C64
  Amauropsis Morch 1857 O27
    |--*A. islandica (Gmelin 1791) S11
    |--A. andersoni (Strebel 1906) S11
    |--A. canaliculata [=Natica canaliculata] O27
    |--A. notoleptos Stilwell et al. 2004 SH12
    `--A. purpurea Dall 1871 O27
  Carinacca Marwick 1924 F27a
    |--*C. waihaoensis [=Ampullina waihaoensis] F27a
    |--C. allani [=Natica allani] A27
    `--C. haasti [=Natica haasti] A27
  Bulbus Brown 1839 [incl. Acrybia Adams & Adams 1853] O27
    |--*B. flavus [=Natica flava] O27
    `--B. fragilis (Leach 1819) O27
         |--B. f. fragilis O27
         `--B. f. apertus Lovèn in Middendorff 1851 O27 [=Acrybia aperta C64, Lunatia aperta C64]
  Magnatica Marwick 1924 F27a
    |--M. (Magnatica) F27b
    |    |--*M. (M.) planispira (Suter 1917) (see below for synonymy) F27b
    |    `--M. (M.) approximata (Suter 1917) (see below for synonymy) F27b
    `--M. (Spelaenacca Finlay 1926) F27a
         `--M. (*S.) altior Finlay 1926 F27a
  Friginatica Hedley 1916 P61 [incl. Sulconacca Marwick 1924 F27a]
    |--*F. beddomei (Johnston 1884) F27a [=Natica beddomei P61]
    |--F. aldingensis (Tate 1893) DK08
    |--F. conjuncta (Dell 1953) P61
    |--F. pisum Hedley 1916 F27a
    |--F. polita Ten.-Woods 1875 F27a
    |--F. prisca A27
    |--F. suturalis (Hutton 1877) [=Lunatia suturalis] F27a
    `--F. vaughani [=*Sulconacca vaughani] F27a
  Cochlis Bolten 1798 P27
    |--*C. albula P27
    |--C. notocenica [=Natica notocenica] F27a
    |--C. praeconsors [=Natica praeconsors] F27a
    `--C. socius Finlay 1927 (see below for synonymy) F27b
  Tanea Marwick 1931 P61
    `--*T. zelandica (Quoy & Gaimard 1832) P61 [=Natica zelandica P61, Cochlis zelandica F27a]
  Propesinum umbilicatum M54
  Euspirocrommium Sacco 1890 DK08
    |--E. effusa (Tate 1893) DK08
    `--E. levesquei DK08
  Proxiuber Powell 1933 P61
    |--*P. australe (Hutton 1878) P61 (see below for synonymy)
    `--P. hulmei Powell 1954 P61
  Uberella Finlay 1928 P61
    |--*U. vitrea (Hutton 1873) [=Natica vitrea] P61
    |--U. alacris Dell 1956 P61
    |--U. amphialis (Watson 1881) P61
    |--U. barrierensis (Marwick 1924) P61
    `--U. denticulifera (Marwick 1924) P61
  Falsilunatia Powell 1951 P61
    |--*F. soluta P61 [=Natica (Lunatia) soluta P61, C64]
    |--F. apora Watson 1881 P61
    |--F. pisum (Hedley 1916) P61
    |--F. powelli Dell 1956 P61
    `--F. subperforata Dell 1956 P61
  Crommium JB12
  Euspirella Petuch & Drolshagen 2009 P12
    `--E. permeliae Petuch & Drolshagen 2009 P12
  Poliniciella Petuch 1988 P12
    `--P. marylandica Petuch 1988 P12

Cochlis socius Finlay 1927 [=Natica consortis (l. c.) Finlay 1924 nec N. multipunctata var. consors Wood 1848 nec N. consors Dall 1909] F27b

*Globisinum drewi (Murdoch 1899) P61 [=Sigaretus drewi P61; incl. S. undulatus Hutton 1885 nec Lischke 1872 nec Martin 1885 F27b, Ampullina venusta F27a, Globisinum venustum P61, G. wollastoni Finlay 1927 P61, F27b]

Lunatia approximata (Etheridge & Bell in Harmer 1919) [=Natica (Lunatia) approximata non Turbo (Marmorostoma) approximata Suter 1917 (not preoc. if in dif. gen.)] F27b

Lunatia lewisii Gld. 1847 [=Natica lewisii; incl. N. herculaea Middendorff 1849, Lunatia herculaea, N. inezana] C64

Magnatica (Magnatica) approximata (Suter 1917) [=Turbo (Marmorostoma) approximata, Natica (Mag.) approximata] F27b

*Magnatica (Magnatica) planispira (Suter 1917) [=Polinices planispirus non Natica planispira Phillips 1836 (not preoc. if in dif. gen.), N. (Magnatica) suteri Marwick 1924] F27b

*Naticina papilla (Gmelin 1791) BR17 [=Nerita papilla BR17, *Eunaticina papilla BR17, Sigaretus papilla O27]

Proxiuber australe (Hutton 1878) P61 [=Lunatia australis P61, Cochlis australis F27b, Natica australis nec Bosc 1801 nec d’Orbigny 1842, N. maoria Finlay 1924 F27b]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A27] Allan, R. S. 1927. The geology and palaeontology of the Lower Waihao Basin, south Canterbury, New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 265–309.

[BD12] Bandel, K., & D. T. Dockery III. 2012. Protoconch characters of Late Cretaceous Latrogastropoda (Neogastropoda and Neomesogastropoda) as an aid in the reconstruction of the phylogeny of the Neogastropoda. Freiberger Forschungshefte C542 (psf 20): 93–128.

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.

[BC01] Boyko, C. B., & J. R. Cordeiro. 2001. Catalog of Recent type specimens in the Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. V. Mollusca, part 2 (class Gastropoda [exclusive of Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata], with supplements to Gastropoda [Opisthobranchia], and Bivalvia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 262: 1–170.

[BW09] Bryce, C., & C. Whisson. 2009. The macromolluscs of Mermaid (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reefs, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77: 177–208.

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[DK08] Darragh, T. A., & G. W. Kendrick. 2008. Silicified Eocene molluscs from the Lower Murchison district, Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 24 (3): 217–246.

[F27a] Finlay, H. J. 1927a. A further commentary on New Zealand molluscan systematics. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 320–485.

[F27b] Finlay, H. J. 1927b. New specific names for austral Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 488–533.

[GAS03] Gulbin, V. V., I. S. Arzamastsev & V. M. Shulkin. 2003. Ecological monitoring of the water area of Port Vostochnyi (Wrangel Bay) in the Sea of Japan (1995–2002). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 29 (5): 284–295.

[ICZN03] ICZN. 2003. Choristidae Verrill, 1882 (Mollusca, Gastropoda): spelling emended to Choristeidae, so removing the homonymy with Choristidae Esben-Petersen, 1915 (Insecta, Mecoptera). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 60 (3): 224–225.

[J64] Jeffreys, J. G. 1864. The Upper Tertiary fossils at Uddevalla, in Sweden. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33 (Notices and Abstracts): 73–79.

[JB12] Johnson, M. E., & B. G. Baarli. 2012. Development of intertidal biotas through Phanerozoic time. In: Talent, J. A. (ed.) Earth and Life: Global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time pp. 63–128. Springer.

[M54] Macpherson, J. H. 1954. Molluscs (sea shells and snails). In: Willis, J. M. (ed.) The Archipelago of the Recherche pp. 55–63. Australian Geographical Society: Melbourne.

[M63] Merrill, A. S. 1963. Mollusks from a buoy off Georgia. Nautilus 77 (2): 68–70.

[O27] Oldroyd, I. S. 1927. The Marine Shells of the West Coast of North America vol. 2 pt 3. Stanford University Press: Stanford University (California).

[P12] Petuch, E. J. 2012. Miocene asteroid impacts: proposed effects on the biogeography and extinction patterns of eastern North American gastropods. In: Talent, J. A. (ed.) Earth and Life: Global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time pp. 967–981. Springer.

[P27] Powell, A. W. B. 1927. On a large Tonna and two other gasteropods of Australian origin. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 559–562.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[S11] Simone, L. R. L. 2011. Phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda (Mollusca), based on comparative morphology. Arquivos de Zoologia 42 (4): 161–323.

[SH12] Stilwell, J. D., & E. Håkansson. 2012. Survival, but…! New tales of ‘dead clade walking’ from Austral and Boreal post-K–T assemblages. In: Talent, J. A. (ed.) Earth and Life: Global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time pp. 795–810. Springer.

[WG71] Wilson, B. R., & K. Gillett. 1971. Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in Australian waters. A. H. & A. W. Reed: Sydney.

[ZLK11] Zou, S., Q. Li & L. Kong. 2011. Additional gene data and increased sampling give new insights into the phylogenetic relationships of Neogastropoda, within the caenogastropod phylogenetic framework. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61: 425–435.

Last updated: 9 October 2021.