Nautilaceae

Pseudaganides sp., copyright Erich W. Albes.

Belongs within: Nautilida.
Contains: Hercoglossidae, Nautilus.

First appearing in the Upper Triasic, the Nautilaceae was the only group of nautiloid cephalopods to survive the end of that period, and persists to the modern day in the genus Nautilus. The earliest Nautilaceae are placed in the genus Cenoceras, which probably represents the ancestor of all later taxa. Nautilaceae achieved their highest diversity during the Mesozoic; a number of lineages survived the end of the Mesozoic, but only Nautilus is known from the fossil record after the Miocene. In members of the family Nautilidae, the sutures of the shell are straight to sinuous; they became even more sinuous in members of other families (Kummel 1964).

Characteristics (from Kummel 1964): Involute, generally smooth, with sinuous plications or ribs in some species; whorl section compressed or depressed. Sutures straight to strongly sinuous. Siphuncle central or dorsal.

<==Nautilaceae [Digonioceratida]
    |--Paracenoceratidae K64
    |    |--Paracenoceras Spath 1927 K64
    |    |    `--*P. hexagonum (Sowerby 1826) [=Nautilus hexagonus] K64
    |    |--Aulaconautilus Spath 1927 K64
    |    |    `--*A. sexcarinatus (Pictet 1867) [=Nautilus sexcarinatus] K64
    |    |--Somalinautilus Spath 1927 [=Somaliceras (l. c.)] K64
    |    |    `--*S. antiquus (Dacqué 1910) (see below for synonymy) K64
    |    `--Tithonoceras Retowski 1894 K64
    |         `--*T. zitteli Retowski 1894 K64
    |--Pseudonautilidae [Pseudaganidinae] K64
    |    |--Pseudonautilus Meek 1876 K64
    |    |    `--*P. geinitzi (Oppel in Zittel 1868) [=Nautilus geinitzi] K64
    |    |--Xenocheilus Shimanskiy & Erlanger 1955 K64
    |    |    `--*X. ulixis [=Nautilus ulixis] K64
    |    `--Pseudaganides Spath 1927 [incl. Hercoglossoceras Spath 1927, Palelialia Shimanskiy 1955] K64
    |         |--*P. kutchensis (Waagen 1873) [=Nautilus kutchensis] K64
    |         |--P. brunhuberi K64
    |         |--P. frickensis K64
    |         |--P. gravesianus K64
    |         |--P. schneidi K64
    |         `--P. sinuatus K64
    |--Cymatoceratidae [Heminautilidae] K64
    |    |--Anglonautilus Spath 1927 K64
    |    |    `--A. undulatus (Sowerby 1813) [=Nautilus undulatus] K64
    |    |--Cymatonautilus Spath 1927 K64
    |    |    `--*C. julii (d’Orbigny 1850) [=Nautilus julii] K64
    |    |--Epicymatoceras Kummel 1956 K64
    |    |    `--*E. vaelsense (Binckhorst 1861) [=Nautilus vaelsensis] K64
    |    |--Eucymatoceras Spath 1927 K64
    |    |    `--*E. plicatum (Fitton 1835) [=Nautilus plicatus] K64
    |    |--Syrionautilus Spath 1927 [=Syrinautilus (l. c.)] K64
    |    |    `--*S. libanoticus (Foord & Crick 1890) [=Nautilus libanoticus] K64
    |    |--Heminautilus Spath 1927 [incl. Platynautilus Yabe & Ozaki 1953, Vorticoceras Scott 1940] K64
    |    |    |--*H. saxbii (Morris 1848) [=Nautilus saxbii] K64
    |    |    `--H. etheringtoni K64
    |    |--Deltocymatoceras Kummel 1956 K64
    |    |    |--*D. leiotropis (Schlüter 1876) [=Nautilus leiotropis] K64
    |    |    `--D. rugatus K64
    |    |--Paracymatoceras Spath 1927 K64
    |    |    |--*P. asperum (Oppel in Zittel 1868) [=Nautilus asper] K64
    |    |    `--P. texanum K64
    |    |--Procymatoceras Spath 1927 K64
    |    |    |--*P. subtruncatum (Morris & Lycett 1850) [=Nautilus subtruncatus] K64
    |    |    `--P. baberi K64
    |    `--Cymatoceras Hyatt 1884 [incl. Neocymatoceras Kobayashi 1954] K64
    |         |--*C. pseudoelegans (d’Orbigny 1840) [=Nautilus pseudoelegans] K64
    |         |--C. hendersoni (Etheridge 1901) [=Nautilus (Cymatoceras) hendersoni] F71
    |         |--C. lineatum T64
    |         `--C. sharpei K64
    `--Nautilidae [Eutrephoceratidae] K64
         |  i. s.: Carinonautilus Spengler 1910 K64
         |           `--*C. ariyalurensis Spengler 1910 K64
         |         Strionautilus Shimanskiy 1951 K64
         |           `--*S. pondicherriensis (Blanford 1866) [=Nautilus pondicherriensis] K64
         |--Cenoceras Hyatt 1884 (see below for synonymy) K64
         |    |--*C. intermedius (Sowerby 1816) [=Nautilus intermedius] K64
         |    |--C. araris K64
         |    |--C. carolinum [=Nautilus carolinus] H84
         |    |--C. fischeranus K64
         |    |--C. striatus K64
         |    |--C. tintoretti [=Nautilus tintoretti] H84
         |    `--C. trechmanni K64
         `--+--Hercoglossidae K64
            |--Obinautilus Kobayashi 1954 K64
            |    `--*O. pulcher Kobayashi 1954 K64
            |--Pseudocenoceras Spath 1927 K64
            |    `--*P. largilliertianum (d’Orbigny 1840) [=Nautilus largilliertianus] K64
            |--Eutrephoceras Hyatt 1894 K64
            |    |--*E. dekayi (Morton 1834) [=Nautilus dekayi] K64
            |    |--E. bellerophon T64
            |    |--E. laverdei K64
            |    `--E. uitenhagense K79
            `--Nautilus K64

Cenoceras Hyatt 1884 [incl. Digonioceras Hyatt 1894, Nautilites Zieten 1830 non Pallas 1771, Ophionautilus Spath 1927, Sphaeronautilus Spath 1927] K64

*Somalinautilus antiquus (Dacqué 1910) [=Nautilus antiquus; incl. N. bisulcatus Dacqué 1905 non de Koninck 1878] K64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.

[H84] Hyatt, A. 1883–1884. Genera of fossil cephalopods. Boston Soc. Nat. History, Proc. 22: 253–338.

[K79] Kauffman, E. G. 1979. Cretaceous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A418–A487. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[K64] Kummel, B. 1964. Nautiloidea—Nautilida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt K. Mollusca 3. Cephalopoda—General Features—Endoceratoidea—Actinoceratoidea—Nautiloidea—Bactritoidea pp. K383–K457. The Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press.

[T64] Teichert, C. 1964. Morphology of hard parts. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt K. Mollusca 3. Cephalopoda—General Features—Endoceratoidea—Actinoceratoidea—Nautiloidea—Bactritoidea pp. K13–K53. The Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press.