Sclerotiniaceae

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on bean Phaseolus vulgaris, copyright Rasbak.

Belongs within: Sordariomyceta.

The Sclerotiniaceae are a group of fungi that are pathogenic or saprobic on various parts of plants, particularly seeds and fruits (Kirk et al. 2001).

Characters (from Kirk et al. 2001): Stromata present, as well-differentiated sclerotia or mummified host tissue. Ascomata apothecial, often long-stalked, usually brown, cupulate, without hairs, the stalk often darker. Interascal tissue of simple paraphyses. Asci usually with a J+ apical ring. Ascospores large or small, ellipsoidal, usually aseptate, hyaline or pale brown, often more or less longitudinally symmetrical. Anamorphs often prominent, hyphomycetous, spermatial or disseminative.

Sclerotiniaceae
    |--Monilinia Honey 1928 SS09, KC01 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--M. fructicola JK06
    |    |--M. fructigena SL02 [=Monilia fructigena KD83]
    |    `--M. laxa HM17
    `--+--Botryotinia Whetzel 1945 SS09, KC01 [incl. Amphobotrys Hennebert 1973 KC01]
       |    `--B. fuckeliana SS09
       `--Sclerotinia Fuckel 1870 (nom. cons.) SS09, KC01 [incl. Whetzelinia Korf & Dumont 1972 (nom. rej.) KC01]
            |--S. borealis KC01
            |--S. bulborum KC01
            |--S. fructicola KC01
            |--S. fructigena KC01
            |--S. homeocarpa KC01
            |--S. libertiana KC01
            |--S. minor SWW95
            |--S. narcissicola L86
            |--S. sclerotiorum SL02
            `--S. trifoliorum SWW95

Sclerotiniaceae incertae sedis:
  Asterocalyx Höhn. 1912 KC01
  Ciboria Fuckel 1870 (see below for synonymy) KC01
  Ciborinia Whetzel 1945 KC01
  Cudoniopsis Speg. 1925 KC01
  Dumontinia Kohn 1979 KC01
  Elliottinia Kohn 1979 KC01
  Grovesinia Cline, Crane & Cline 1983 [incl. Cristulariella Höhn. 1916] KC01
  Lambertellinia Korf & Lizoň 1993 KC01
  Martininia Dumont & Korf 1970 [=Martinia Whetzel 1942 nec M’Coy 1844 (ICZN) nec Vaniot 1903] KC01
  Mitrulinia Spooner 1987 KC01
  Moserella Pöder & Scheuer 1994 KC01
  Myriosclerotinia Buchw. 1947 KC01
  Ovulinia Weiss 1940 [incl. Ovulitis Buchw. 1970] KC01
    `--O. azaleae DAF07
  Phaeosclerotinia Hori 1916 KC01
  Poculinia Spooner 1987 KC01
  Pseudociboria Kanouse 1944 KC01
  Pycnopeziza White & Whetzel 1938 (see below for synonymy) KC01
  Sclerocrana Samuels & Kohn 1987 KC01
  Seaverinia Whetzel 1945 [incl. Verrucobotrys Hennebert 1973] KC01
  Septotinia Whetzel ex Groves & Elliott 1961 [incl. Septotis Buchw. ex Arx 1970] KC01
  Streptotinia Whetzel 1945 [incl. Streptobotrys Hennebert 1973] KC01
    |--'Streptobotrys’ arisaematis D03
    |--'Streptobotrys’ caulophyllii D03
    `--'Streptobotrys’ streptothrix D03
  Stromatinia (Boud.) Boud. 1907 KC01
    `--S. gladioli KC01
  Torrendiella Boud. & Torrend 1911 [incl. Zoellneria Velen. 1934] KC01
  Valdensinia Peyronel 1953 [incl. Asterobolus Redhead & Perrin 1972, Valdensia Peyronel 1923] KC01
  Encoelioideae EB03
    |--Cenangium Fr. 1818 E99, KC01 [incl. Cenangina Höhn. 1909 KC01, Clithris (Fr.) Karst. 1870 KC01]
    |    `--C. ferruginosum [incl. C. abietis] KC01
    |--Encoelia (Fr.) Karst. 1871 (nom. cons.) (see below for synonymy) KC01
    |    |--E. fascicularis EB03
    |    `--E. fimbriata LS03
    |--Cordierites Montagne 1840 EB03 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--‘*Diplocarpa’ bloxamii EB03
    |    `--‘*Ionomidotis’ irregularis [incl. *Poloniodiscus fischeri Svrcùek & Kubicùka 1967] EB03
    `--Austrocenangium Gamundí 1997 EB03
         |--A. australe (Spegazzini) Gamundí 1997 EB03
         `--A. nanum (Cash) Gamundí 1997 EB03
  Botryophialophora Linder 1944 [incl. Myrioconium Syd. 1912 non Fr. 1823] KC01
  Botrytis Micheli ex Pers. 1794 (see below for synonymy) KC01
    |--B. aclada SL02
    |--B. allii KC01
    |--B. anthophila KC01
    |--B. bassiana F89
    |--B. cinerea KC01
    |--B. fabae KC01
    |--B. galanthina KC01
    |--‘Phymatotrichum’ omnivorum KC01
    |--B. paeoniae KC01
    `--B. tulipae KC01

Botrytis Micheli ex Pers. 1794 [incl. Cephalocladium Rchb. 1828, Coccotrichum Link 1824, Cristularia (Sacc.) Costantin 1888, Haplaria Link 1809, Penicillium Fr. 1832 non Link 1809, Phymatotrichum Bonord. 1851, Pleurobotrya, Polyactis Link 1809, Pterodinia Chevall. 1837] KC01

Ciboria Fuckel 1870 [incl. Ciboriopsis Dennis 1962, Moellerodiscus Henn. 1902, Piceomphale Svrček 1957] KC01

Cordierites Montagne 1840 EB03 [incl. Ameghiniella Spegazzini 1887 EB03, Diplocarpa Massee 1895 EB03, Ionomidotis Durand 1923 EB03, Phyllomyces Lloyd 1921 KC01, Poloniodiscus Svrcùek & Kubicùka 1967 EB03]

Encoelia (Fr.) Karst. 1871 (nom. cons.) [incl. Phaeangella (Sacc.) Massee 1895, Phibalis Wallr. 1833 (nom. rej.)] KC01

Monilinia Honey 1928 SS09, KC01 [incl. Epochnium Link 1809 KC01, Halobyssus Zukal 1893 KC01, Monilia Bonord. 1851 (nom. cons.) KC01; Moniliaceae]

Pycnopeziza White & Whetzel 1938 [incl. Acarosporium Bubák & Vleugel ex Bubák 1911, Chaetalysis Peyronel 1922, Ciliosira Syd. 1942] KC01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[D03] David, J. C. 2003. Orthographic conundrums: the problem of -opsis and -botrys. Taxon 52: 603–608.

[DAF07] Department of Agriculture and Food. 2007. Common Seasonal Pests. State of Western Australia.

[E99] Eriksson, O. E. (ed.) 1999. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos 2440-2755. Myconet 2: 1–41.

[EB03] Eriksson, O. E., H. O. Barah, R. S. Currah, K. Hansen, C. P. Kurtzman, T. Laessøe & G. Rambold (eds.) 2003. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos 3580-3623. Myconet 9: 91–103.

[F89] Fallou, J. 1889. Une note sur une espèce de bombycide, le Lasiocampa otus, dont il montre le papillon, la chenille et le cocon. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 6^e série 9: lvii–lviii.

[HM17] Hongsanan, S., S. S. N. Maharachchikumbura, K. D. Hyde, M. C. Samarakoon, R. Jeewon, Q. Zhao, A. M. Al-Sadi & A. H. Bahkali. 2017. An updated phylogeny of Sordariomycetes based on phylogenetic and molecular clock evidence. Fungal Diversity 84: 25–41.

[JK06] James, T. Y., F. Kauff, C. L. Schoch, P. B. Matheny, V. Hofstetter, C. J. Cox, G. Celio, C. Gueidan, E. Fraker, J. Miadlikowska, H. T. Lumbsch, A. Rauhut, V. Reeb, A. E. Arnold, A. Amtoft, J. E. Stajich, K. Hosaka, G.-H. Sung, D. Johnson, B. O'Rourke, M. Crockett, M. Binder, J. M. Curtis, J. C. Slot, Z. Wang, A. W. Wilson, A. Schüßler, J. E. Longcore, K. O'Donnell, S. Mozley-Standridge, D. Porter, P. M. Letcher, M. J. Powell, J. W. Taylor, M. M. White, G. W. Griffith, D. R. Davies, R. A. Humber, J. B. Morton, J. Sugiyama, A. Y. Rossman, J. D. Rogers, D. H. Pfister, D. Hewitt, K. Hansen, S. Hambleton, R. A. Shoemaker, J. Kohlmeyer, B. Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, R. A. Spotts, M. Serdani, P. W. Crous, K. W. Hughes, K. Matsuura, E. Langer, G. Langer, W. A. Untereiner, R. Lücking, B. Büdel, D. M. Geiser, A. Aptroot, P. Diederich, I. Schmitt, M. Schultz, R. Yahr, D. S. Hibbett, F. Lutzoni, D. J. McLaughlin, J. W. Spatafora & R. Vilgalys. 2006. Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a six-gene phylogeny. Nature 443: 818–822.

[KC01] Kirk, P. M., P. F. Cannon, J. C. David & J. A. Stalpers. 2001. Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi 9^th ed. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[KD83] Koç, N. K., & G. Défago. 1983. Studies on the host range of the hyperparasite Aphanocladium album. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 107: 214–218.

[LS03] Landvik, S., T. K. Schumacher, O. E. Eriksson & S. T. Moss. 2003. Morphology and ultrastructure of Neolecta species. Mycological Research 107 (9): 1021–1031.

[L86] Lindquist, E. E. 1986. The world genera of Tarsonemidae (Acari: Heterostigmata): a morphological, phylogenetic, and systematic revision, with a reclassification of family-group taxa in the Heterostigmata. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 118 (S136): 1–517.

[SS09] Schoch, C. L., G.-H. Sung, F. López-Giráldez, J. P. Townsend, J. Miadlikowska, V. Hofstetter, B. Robbertse, P. B. Matheny, F. Kauff, Z. Wang, C. Gueidan, R. M. Andrie, K. Trippe, L. M. Ciufetti, A. Wynns, E. Fraker, B. P. Hodkinson, G. Bonito, J. Z. Groenewald, M. Arzanlou, G. S. de Hoog, P. W. Crous, D. Hewitt, D. H. Pfister, K. Peterson, M. Gryzenhout, M. J. Wingfield, A. Aptroot, S.-O. Suh, M. Blackwell, D. M. Hillis, G. W. Griffith, L. A. Castlebury, A. Y. Rossman, H. T. Lumbsch, R. Lücking, B. Büdel, A. Rauhut, P. Diederich, D. Ertz, D. M. Geiser, K. Hosaka, P. Inderbitzin, J. Kohlmeyer, B. Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, L. Mostert, K. O'Donnell, H. Sipman, J. D. Rogers, R. A. Shoemaker, J. Sugiyama, R. C. Summerbell, W. Untereiner, P. R. Johnston, S. Stenroos, A. Zuccaro, P. S. Dyer, P. D. Crittenden, M. S. Cole, K. Hansen, J. M. Trappe, R. Yahr, F. Lutzoni & J. W. Spatafora. 2009. The Ascomycota tree of life: a phylum-wide phylogeny clarifies the origin and evolution of fundamental reproductive and ecological traits. Systematic Biology 58 (2): 224–239.

[SL02] Schweigkofler, W., K. Lopandic, O. Molnár & H. Prillinger. 2002. Analysis of phylogenetic relationships among Ascomycota with yeast phases using ribosomal DNA sequences and cell wall sugars. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 2: 1–17.

[SWW95] Seifert, K. A., B. D. Wingfield & M. J. Wingfield. 1995. A critique of DNA sequence analysis in the taxonomy of filamentous Ascomycetes and ascomycetous anamorphs. Canadian Journal of Botany 73 (Suppl. 1): S760–S767.