Belongs within: Oestroidea.
Contains: Dexiinae, Exoristinae, Axiniidae, Tachininae, Oestridae.
The Tachinidae are a group of flies with larvae that are endoparasitic on other arthropods. Members of the Tachinidae can generally be recognised by the presence of an enlarged subscutellum at the back of the thorax. Subfamilies within the Tachinidae are poorly defined with divisions often based on ecology rather than morphology. Species assigned to the Phasiinae are mostly parasites of Heteroptera; the subfamily otherwise lacks shared morphological characters (Wood 1987). Prosena siberita is a distinctive species found in Eurasia and Australasia (and introduced to North America) characterised by an elongate proboscis, much longer than the height of its head (Fan 1992).
The majority of tachinids parasitise Coleoptera or Lepidoptera but a wide range of hosts are known including Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, earwigs or even centipedes. Female tachinids do not usually have a piercing ovipositor; instead, larvae are usually laid on the host or amongst host habitat, and the larva burrows through the host cuticle or hatches from the egg after the host swallows it (Askew 1971). Several genera of 'Phasiinae', however, have evolved elaborate structures to grasp the host and inject it directly with unembryonated eggs (Wood & Zumbado 2010).
Characters (from Wood & Zumbado 2010): Small to large flies (body length 3-25 mm), extremely varied in shape and proportions. Frons of male either narrower than that of female and usually lacking proclinate orbital bristles, or about as wide as that of female and usually also with proclinate orbital bristles; first flagellomere of latter type usually much longer in male than in female, in some species bifurcate, trifurcate or multibranched. Arista usually bare, or short to long plumose. Eye usually with ommatrichia; ommatrichia usually longer in male than in female and often longer dorsally than ventrally. Ocelli and ocellar bristles usually present, the latter sometimes directed laterally (lateroclinate) or posteriorly (reclinate). Upper orbital bristles usually present, anterior one(s) reclinate, posteriormost sometimes lateroclinate. Occipital setae usually long and fine, delineated laterally by evenly spaced vertical row of stouter postoccipital bristles, either extending ventrally to meet lower cranial margin or curving forward on genal dilation, that may also have one or more large bristles. Vibrissa usually well developed, usually accompanied by one or more smaller bristles both below and above it. Face concave or convex, often protruding between and/or below vibrissae. Facial ridge, especially in species with long antennae, usually with row of erect bristles. Proboscis usually short and straight, with padlike labella, but may be long and curved, with small labella. Postpronotum with two or usually three major bristles in transverse row, sometimes preceded by fourth smaller bristle or with middle bristle displaced anteriorly. Postsutural supra-alar bristles typically three. Scutellum with one to four paires of bristles, lateral bristles sometimes duplicated. Subscutellum well developed, evenly rounded in profile. Posterior thoracic spiracle small, confined to region behind uppermost meral bristles, and well behind katepisternum, separated from latter by regular katepimeron. Meral bristles present. Vein M with distinct bend.
<==Tachinidae [Larvaevoridae, Phasiinae]
|--+--Exoristinae WT11
| `--+--Phania funesta (Meigen 1824) WT11, KP10
| `--Axiniidae WT11
`--+--Tachininae WT11
`--+--Oestridae KP10
`--Gymnosoma WT11
|--G. amplifrons [=Cistogaster amplifrons] W87
|--G. canadensis WZ10
|--G. fuliginosum WZ10
|--G. nitens Meigen 1824 KP10
|--G. nudifrons Herting 1966 KP10
`--G. ruficornis WZ10
Tachinidae incertae sedis:
Protohystricia PPE03
Plagiomyia longicornis M83
Eucarcelia rutilla A71
Trichopareia A71
Rondanioestrus apivorus A71
Chaetophleps setosa [incl. Neocelatoria ferox] A71
Thrixion A71
Centeter A71
|--C. cinerea A71
`--C. unicolor A71
Eupeleteria magnicornis A71
Thereseia A71
Diplostichus janitrix A71
Bigonicheta setipennis A71
Trichopoda WZ10
|--T. pennipes WZ10
`--T. pilipes H91
Diatraeophaga striatalis B88
Koralliomyia portentosa B88
Myiothiria fergusoni B88
Rossimyiopsis whiteheadi Mesnil 1953 R00
Perumyia embiaphaga Arnaud 1963 R00
Dexiinae WZ10
Senostoma ZS10
Prodiaphania ZS10
Froggattimyia G84
Paropsivora G84
Nearini C94
|--Scomma gobica C94
`--Neaera WZ10
|--N. leucoptera WZ10
`--N. mirabilis [=Acronarista mirabilis] W87
Lophosia fasciata C94
Macropodexia C94
Ceromasia hybreas W87
Phyrxe BM76
Lydina BM76
Masistylum W87
|--M. arcuatum CW09
`--M. stenommatum W87
Cleonice bigelowi W87
Blepharomyia tibialis W87
Uramya [Uramyiini] WZ10
|--U. aldrichi W87
`--U. halisidotae T81
Oestrophasia WZ10
|--O. clausa WZ10
`--O. signifera WZ10
Actinodoria argentea WZ10
Trafoia arctica WZ10 [=Tenuirostra arctica W87]
Clausicella politura WZ10
Ginglymia acrirostris WZ10
Dichocera CW09
|--D. orientalis CW09
|--D. robusta W87
`--D. tridens M81
Microphthalma disjuncta WZ10, W87
Billaea WZ10
|--B. claripalpis P09
`--B. satisfacta WZ10
Ichneumonops mirabilis WZ10 [=Cylindromyia mirabilis W87]
Smidtia fumiferanae BW09 [=Omotoma fumiferanae W87, Timavia fumiferanae W87, Winthemia fumiferanae BW09]
Scotiptera WZ10
Cholomyia WZ10
|--C. inaequipes WZ10
`--C. luteipennis WZ10
Cordyligaster WZ10
|--C. petiolata WZ10
`--C. septentrionalis W87
Alophora CM91
Phasia WZ10
|--P. aldrichi W87
|--P. diversa WZ10
|--P. ecitonis WZ10
|--P. fenestrata WZ10
`--P. subcoleoptrata [=Musca (Phasia) subcoleoptrata] G20
Paradidyma affinis WZ10
*Borgmeiermyia brasiliana WZ10
Athrycia cinerea WZ10
Cyrtophleba WZ10
|--C. coquilletti WZ10
`--C. horrida WZ10
Metaplagia WZ10
Muscopteryx WZ10
|--M. costalis [=Websteriana costalis] W87
`--M. evexus [=Tarassophorus evexus] W87
Penthosia satanica WZ10
Gnadochaeta clistoides WZ10
Pyrrhodexia WZ10
Acronacantha nubilipennis WZ10
Thelairodes WZ10
Strongygaster WZ10
|--S. globula WZ10
`--S. triangulifer WZ10
Leskia similis WZ10
Beskia aelops WZ10
Crocinosoma cornuale WZ10
Neobrachelia [Parerigonini] WZ10
Hemyda aurata WZ10
Myiomima sarcophagina WZ10
Gymnoclytia immaculata WZ10
Campylocheta semiothisae WZ10
Prosenoides flavipes WZ10
Plagiomima similis WZ10
Erythromelana WZ10
Xanthomelanodes arcuatus WZ10
Ischyrophaga WZ10
|--I. ischyri WZ10
`--I. polita [=Pseudochaetona polita] WZ10
Minthoplagia setifrons WZ10
Neomintho [Neominthoini] WZ10
`--N. celeris WZ10
Telothyria thecata [=Leskiopsis thecata] WZ10
Leucostomatini WZ10
|--Clairvillia WZ10
|--Cinochira mitis WZ10, W87
`--Leucostoma WZ10
|--L. dapsilis [=Calyptrosomus dapsilis] W87
`--L. simplex WZ10
Thelairaporia WZ10
Xanthodexia WZ10
Phytomyptera tarsalis WZ10
Chaetodoria WZ10
Thelairodoriopsis maracasi WZ10
Leptostylum WZ10
|--*L. pulchellum WZ10
`--L. leuconotum WZ10
Italaspidea WZ10
Micronychiops WZ10
Chaetonopsis spinosa WZ10
Polygaster egregia WZ10
Spathidexia WZ10
|--S. clemonsi WZ10
`--S. elegans [=Minthodexiopsis elegans, Gymnopalpus elegans] W87
Neosolieria sila W87
Lixadmontia WZ10
Pseudoviviania WZ10
Thelyoxynops WZ10
Lydinolydella rasilis WZ10
Ophirion tersum WZ10
Dolichocodia pretiosa [=Prorhynchops pretiosa] WZ10
Mochlosoma WZ10
Bibiomima handlirschi WZ10
Euantha litturata WZ10
Catharosia lustrans WZ10
Euscopoliopteryx externa WZ10
Oberonomyia palpalis WZ10
Tropidopsiomorpha tropica WZ10
Eudexia dreisbachi WZ10
Trichodura WZ10
Neosophia WZ10
Meleterus WZ10
Actinochaeta columbiae WZ10
Megaprosopus [Megaprosopini] WZ10
`--M. regalis W87
Stenodexia WZ10
Phasiophyto fumifera WZ10
Homogenia WZ10
Trochiloleskia loriola WZ10
Acaulona costata WZ10
Xanthomelanopsis WZ10
Polistiopsis mima WZ10
Vanderwulpia atrophopodoides W87
Itaplectops antennalis WZ10
Icelia triquetra WZ10
*Argyromima mirabilis WZ10
Genea W87
|--G. pavonacea W87
|--G. robertsonii W87
`--G. tenera W87
Euclytia flava WZ10
Arrhinactia WZ10
Istochaeta aldrichi WZ10
Euthelyconychia WZ10
Clastoneura WZ10
Embiomyia WZ10
Chaetophthalmus CM91
Chrysopasta elegans CM91
Opesia atrata W87
Tarassus W87
Chaetoplagia atripennis W87
Imitomyia sugens W87
Freraea montana W87
Rondania dimidiata W87
Androeuryops W87
Allophorocera arator S96
Phasiops flavus W87
Litophasia W87
Chaetocrania antennalis W87
Eucnephalia gonoides W87
Onychogonia magna W87
Euexorista futilis W87
Erynnia condecens W87
Eleodiphaga pollinosa W87
Torosomyia parallela W87
Oraphasmophaga pictipennis W87
Asseclamyia sphenofrons W87
Atactopsis reinhardi W87
Diotrephes atriventris W87
Chesippus notialis W87
Orasturmia W87
|--‘Angustiopsis’ saginata W87
`--O. vallicola W87
Eumasicera W87
|--E. coccidella W87
`--E. setinervis W87
Phebellia W87
|--P. cerurae [=Aplomya cerurae] W87
|--P. curriei [=Thelymyia curriei] W87
|--P. epicydes [=Aplomya epicydes] W87
|--P. erecta [=Thelymyia erecta] W87
|--P. helvina [=Aplomya helvina] W87
|--P. imitator [=Aplomya imitator] W87
|--P. pheosiae [=Aplomya pheosiae] W87
`--P. trichiosomae [=Aplomya trichiosomae] W87
Clemelis triseta W87
Chaetoglossa picticornis W87
Myatelemus trossulus W87
Gymnophryxe claripennis W87
Eucoronimyia hastata W87
Tsugaea nox W87
Nilea W87
|--N. dimmocki W87
|--N. halisidotae W87
|--N. hortulata P93
|--N. lobeliae W87
|--N. sternalis W87
|--N. valens W87
`--N. victoriae W87
Tryphera W87
Hubneria estigmenensis W87
Gymnocarcelia languida [incl. Elassomyia defecta, G. ricinorum] W87
Hesperomyia erythrocera W87
Paraphasmophaga W87
Cloacina filialis W87
Heliodorus W87
Eufrontina W87
Eribelia exilis W87
Nicephorus floridensis W87
Euceromasia spinosa W87
Townsendiellomyia nidicola W87
Estheria cinerea W87
Hypovoria cauta W87
Uclesia zonalis W87
Gueriniopsis setipes W87
Tachinomyia W87
Graphogaster [Graphogastrini] W87
|--G. brunnea W87
`--G. dorsalis W87
Clastoneuriopsis meralis W87
Menetus macropogon W87
Chaetovoria seriata W87
Cockerelliana capitata W87
Euptilopareia erucicola W87
Euscopolia dakotensis W87
Paradmontia brevis W87
Eumegaparia flaveola W87
Arctophyto marginalis W87
Hypertrophocera W87
|--H. parvipes W87
`--‘Euthyprosopa’ petiolata W87
Ursophyto nigriceps W87
Goniocera io W87
Meledonus W87
|--M. californicus W87
`--M. latipennis W87
Metopomuscopteryx tibialis W87
Mactomyia fracida W87
Melanophrys W87
|--M. flavipennis W87
`--M. insolita [=Atropharista insolita] W87
Ostracophyto aristalis W87
Spilochaetosoma californicum W87
Campylochaeta W87
|--C. inepta P93
`--C. semiothisae W87
Trochilodes skinneri W87
Epigrimyia polita W87
Eriothrix penitalis W87
Evidomyia infida W87
Psilopleura arida W87
Aphriini W87
|--Aphria ocypterata W87
`--Solieria boreotis [=Solieriopsis boreotis] W87
Impeccantia claterna W87
Germaria W87
Hypertrophomma opaca W87
Anthomyiopsis cypseloides W87
Megapariopsis opaca W87
Baeomyia W87
Ceranthia W87
|--C. arizonica W87
|--C. brevirostris W87
|--C. conata W87
`--C. plusiae W87
Phantasiomyia W87
Miamimyia cincta W87
Goniocheta plagioides W87
Chiricahuia cavicola W87
Pararchytas W87
Rhachoepalpus olivaceus W87
Euchaetogyne roederi W87
Phalacrophyto sarcophagina W87
Opsotheresia W87
Nimioglossa W87
Megaparia venosa W87
Orestilla primoris W87
Trixodes obesus W87
Ochrocera vaginalis W87
Orthosimyia W87
Pseudopachystylum debile W87
Besseria brevipennis W87
Coloradomyia eucosmaphaga W87
Hineomyia setigera W87
Ervia triquetra W87
Pseudapinops W87
Drepanoglossa tenuirostris [=Philocalia tenuirostris] W87
Formosia speciosa C91
Myothyria fergusoni R91
Masicera P93
|--M. pavoniae P93
`--M. sphingivora P93
Huebneria affinis P93
Euvespivora decipiens R78
Anacamptomyia nigriventris R78
Anagonia CM74
Bactromyiella ficta CM74
Hyalomyia CM70
Proseninae CM70
|--Rhynchodexia CM70
`--Prosena Le Peletier & Serville 1828 F92
`--*P. siberita (Fabricius 1775) (see below for synonymy) F92
Latigena longicornis F92
Anachaetopsis tortricis B37
Electrotachina smithii RJ93
Hyperectina cinerea RD77
Rhacodineura RD77
Digonochaeta RD77
Ocyptera brassicaria RD77, G20 [=Musca (Ocyptera) brassicaria G20]
Sturmia sericariae RD77
Blepharidea RD77
Varichaeta RD77
*Prosena siberita (Fabricius 1775) [=Stomoxys siberita, P. sybarita Rondani 1861; incl. P. epicurea Rondani 1861, P. luculliana Rondani 1861] F92
*Type species of generic name indicated
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Last updated: 23 January 2021.
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