Passifloraceae

Blue passionflower Passiflora caerulea, photographed by Natalie G.

Belongs within: Violineae.

The Passifloraceae, passionflowers and related taxa, are mostly tendrillar climbers found in temperate and tropical regions of the world. The largest genus is Passiflora of which many species are grown for their edible fruit. Examples include the black passionfruit P. edulis and banana passionfruit P. mollissima. The Old World tropical genus Adenia includes various species of shrubs and trees as well as vines with some species being succulent or pachycaulous.

Synapomorphies (from the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website): Cyclopentenoid cyanogenic glycosides and/or cyclopentenyl fatty acids present, cyanogenic glycosides derived from valine and isoleucine present; colleters present; calyx and corolla together forming a tube, styles separate; aril present, endotestal cells large, exotegmen palisade, endotegmen persistent; endosperm persistent, oily; biparental or paternal transmission of plastids.

<==Passifloraceae [Passiflorales, Passifloreae]
    |--Atheranthera YY22
    |--Echinothamnus YY22
    |--Ophiocaulon YY22
    |--Paschanthus YY22
    |--Paropsia XR12
    |--Hollrungia B00
    |--Passifloraephyllum kraeuseli Râsky 1960 CBH93
    |--Tetrapathaea Reichb. 1828 A61
    |    `--T. tetrandra (Sol.) Cheesem. 1925 (see below for synonymy) A61
    |--Adenia B12
    |    |--A. heterophylla B12
    |    |    |--A. h. ssp. heterophylla LK14
    |    |    `--A. h. ssp. australis LK14
    |    |--A. hondala SR07
    |    `--A. pechuelii CV06
    `--Passiflora XR12
         |--P. aurantia B00
         |--P. biflora MS10
         |--P. caerulea BL04
         |--P. ciliata XR12
         |--P. cincinnata M99
         |--P. cinnabarina B00
         |--P. coccinea NDA05
         |--P. edulis H06
         |    |--P. e. f. edulis CR01
         |    `--P. e. f. flavicarpa CR01
         |--P. ekmanii J87
         |--P. filamentosa H90
         |--P. foetida LK14
         |    |--P. f. var. foetida LK14
         |    `--P. f. var. hispida LK14
         |--P. herbertiana B00
         |--P. laurifolia P88
         |--P. mollissima Z02 [=P. tripartita var. mollissima H06]
         |--P. morifolia H90
         |--P. murucuja J87
         |--P. orbiculata J87
         |--P. quadrangalis B00
         |--P. sexflora J87
         |--P. standleyi NDA05
         |--P. suberosa H06
         `--P. subpeltata [incl. P. alba] H90

Tetrapathaea tetrandra (Sol.) Cheesem. 1925 [=Passiflora tetrandra Sol. ex DC. 1828; incl. T. australis Raoul 1844] A61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A61] Allan, H. H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand vol. 1. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones. R. E. Owen, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[BL04] Barkman, T. J., S.-H. Lim, K. M. Salleh & J. Nais. 2004. Mitochondrial DNA sequences reveal the photosynthetic relatives of Rafflesia, the world’s largest flower. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 101 (3): 787–792.

[B00] Braby, M. F. 2000. Butterflies of Australia: their identification, biology and distribution vol. 2. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood (Victoria).

[B12] Braby, M. F. 2012. The butterflies of El Questro Wilderness Park, with remarks on the taxonomy of the Kimberley fauna, Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 27 (2): 161–175.

[CR01] Chagas, C. M., V. Rossetti, A. Colariccio, O. Lovisolo, E. W. Kitajima & C. C. Childers. 2001. Brevipalpus mites (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) as vectors of plant viruses. In: Halliday, R. B., D. E. Walter, H. C. Proctor, R. A. Norton & M. J. Colloff (eds) Acarology: Proceedings of the 10^th International Congress pp. 369–375. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.

[CBH93] Collinson, M. E., M. C. Boulter & P. L. Holmes. 1993. Magnoliophyta (‘Angiospermae’). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 809–841. Chapman & Hall: London.

[CV06] Craven, P., & P. Vorster. 2006. Patterns of plant diversity and endemism in Namibia. Bothalia 36 (2): 175–189.

[H90] Harden, G. J. (ed.) 1990. Flora of New South Wales vol. 1. New South Wales University Press.

[H06] Henderson, L. 2006. Comparisons of invasive plants in southern Africa originating from southern temperate, northern temperate and tropical regions. Bothalia 36 (2): 201–222.

[J87] Judd, W. S. 1987. Floristic study of Morne La Visite and Pic Macaya National Parks, Haiti. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum—Biological Sciences 32 (1): 1–136.

[LK14] Lyons, M. N., G. J. Keighery, L. A. Gibson & T. Handasyde. 2014. Flora and vegetation communities of selected islands off the Kimberley coast of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 81: 205–244.

[MS10] Moore, M. J., P. S. Soltis, C. D. Bell, J. G. Burleigh & D. E. Soltis. 2010. Phylogenetic analysis of 83 plastid genes further resolves the early diversification of eudicots. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 107 (10): 4623–4628.

[M99] Moraes, G. J. de. 1999. Pest status of the cassava green mite in Brazil and strategies for its control. In: Needham, G. R., R. Mitchell, D. J. Horn & W. C. Welbourn (eds) Acarology IX vol. 2. Symposia pp. 287–291. Ohio Biological Survey: Columbus (Ohio).

[NDA05] Nickrent, D. L., J. P. Der & F. E. Anderson. 2005. Discovery of the photosynthetic relatives of the "Maltese mushroom" Cynomorium. BMC Evolutionary Biology 5: 38.

[P88] Polunin, I. 1988. Plants and Flowers of Malaysia. Times Editions: Singapore.

[SR07] Sankar, R. V., K. Ravikumar, N. M. Ganesh Babu & D. K. Ved. 2007. Botany of Anapady MPCA, Palghat district, Kerala with special emphasis on species of conservation concern. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 49: 165–172.

[XR12] Xi, Z., B. R. Ruhfel, H. Schaefer, A. M. Amorim, M. Sugumaran, K. J. Wurdack, P. K. Endress, M. L. Matthews, P. F. Stevens, S. Mathews & C. C. Davis. 2012. Phylogenomics and a posteriori data partitioning resolve the Cretaceous angiosperm radiation Malpighiales. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 109 (43): 17519–17524.

[YY22] Yampolsky, C., & H. Yampolsky. 1922. Distribution of sex forms in the phanerogamic flora. Bibliotheca Genetica 3: 1–62.

[Z02] Zhang, Z.-Q. 2002. Taxonomy of Tetranychus ludeni (Acari: Tetranychidae) in New Zealand and its ecology on Sechium edule. New Zealand Entomologist 25: 27–34.

Last updated: 16 May 2021.