Euapocynoidina

Secamone elliptica, copyright Mark Marathon.

Belongs within: Apocynoidina.
Contains: Periplocoideae, Echiteae, Asclepiadoideae.

The Euapocynoidina were defined by Sennblad & Bremer (2002) as the largest clade within Apocynaceae including Apocynum and Echites but not Malouetieae, Wrightieae or Nerieae. They are united by the possession of anthers that are adnate to the style head both by the retinacle and by the thecae (Sennblad & Bremer 2002). As well as more traditionally apocynaceous taxa, the euapocynoids include the milkwort clade Asclepiadacina, previously treated by many authors as a separate family Asclepiadaceae. In most Asclepiadacina (except Baissea) the pollen is agglutinated into pollinia that are connected to a clasping translator. The Apocyneae are a clade of species with a style head lacking a stigmatic hollow, in combination with thecae adnate to the style head. (Sennblad & Bremer 2002).

<==Euapocynoidina
    |--+--Periplocoideae TGL-S08
    |  `--Echiteae SB02
    |--Mesechiteae SB02
    |    |--Mesechites trifida SB02
    |    `--Mandevilla SB02
    |         |--M. laxa [incl. M. suaveolens] BR65
    |         `--M. sanderi SB02
    |--Apocyneae SB02
    |    |  i. s.: Chonemorpha fragrans SB02, SR07
    |    |--Aganosma marginata SB02
    |    `--+--Apocynum SB02
    |       |    |--A. androsaemifolium (see below for synonymy) H93
    |       |    |--A. cannabinum [incl. A. cannabinum var. glaberrimum, A. sibiricum var. salignum] H93
    |       |    |--A. lancifolium P93
    |       |    |--A. scabrum P93
    |       |    `--A. venetum C55
    |       `--+--Beaumontia grandiflora SB02
    |          `--+--Rhabdadenia biflora SB02
    |             `--Trachelospermum SB02
    |                  |--T. asiaticum RA07
    |                  `--T. jasminoides SB02
    `--Asclepiadacina [Asclepiadaceae] SB02
         |  i. s.: Finlaysonia obovata P88
         |         Pentagonium Schauer 1843 FT93
         |         Rhyncharrhena linearis G04
         |         Sarcostemma BR65
         |           |--S. australe BR65 [=S. viminale ssp. australe LK14]
         |           |--S. brevipedicellatum LK14
         |           |--S. cynanchoides H93
         |           |    |--S. c. ssp. cynanchoides H93
         |           |    `--S. c. ssp. hartwegii H93
         |           |--S. esculentum LK14
         |           |--S. hirtellum H93
         |           `--S. viminale PP07
         |                |--S. v. ssp. viminale LK14
         |                `--S. v. ssp. brunonianum LK14
         |         Pentatropis BR65
         |           |--P. atropurpurea Mueller 1869 BR65
         |           |--P. kempeana Mueller 1882 [=Daemia kempeana] BR65
         |           |--P. quinquepartita Mueller 1869 BR65
         |           `--P. spiralis PP07
         |         Leptadenia PP07
         |           |--L. hastata GC05
         |           |--L. pyrotechnica PP07
         |           `--L. reticulata PP07
         |         Holostemma annulare P03
         |         Heterostemma acuminatum B00
         |         Brachystelma B00
         |           |--B. blepharanthera CV06
         |           |--B. codonanthum CV06
         |           |--B. glabriflorum LK14
         |           |--B. recurvatum CV06
         |           |--B. schinzii CV06
         |           `--B. schultzei CV06
         |         Gunnessia pepo B00
         |         Gymnanthera B00
         |           |--G. cunninghamii B00
         |           `--G. oblonga B00
         |         Asclepiadites laterita MacGinitie 1941 CBH93
         |         Phyllanthera CBH93
         |         Polyporotetradites laevigatus Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978 CBH93
         |--+--Baissea leonensis SB02
         |  `--Asclepiadoideae TGL-S08
         `--Secamonoideae [Secamoneae] TGL-S08
              |--Pervillea tomentosa TGL-S08
              `--Secamone TGL-S08
                   |--S. afzelii SB02
                   |--S. alpini TGL-S08
                   |--S. elliptica LK14
                   |--S. filiformis TGL-S08
                   |--S. geayi SB02
                   `--S. timoriensis LK14

Apocynum androsaemifolium [incl. A. medium var. floribundum, A. androsaemifolium var. glabrum, A. pumilum] H93

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR65] Black, J. M., & E. L. Robertson. 1965. Flora of South Australia. Part IV. Oleaceae–Compositae. W. L. Hawes, Government Printer: Adelaide.

[B00] Braby, M. F. 2000. Butterflies of Australia: their identification, biology and distribution vol. 2. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood (Victoria).

[C55] Candolle, A. de. 1855. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 1. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[CBH93] Collinson, M. E., M. C. Boulter & P. L. Holmes. 1993. Magnoliophyta (‘Angiospermae’). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 809–841. Chapman & Hall: London.

[CV06] Craven, P., & P. Vorster. 2006. Patterns of plant diversity and endemism in Namibia. Bothalia 36 (2): 175–189.

[FT93] Fensome, R. A., F. J. R. Taylor, G. Norris, W. A. S. Sarjeant, D. I. Wharton & G. L. Williams. 1993. A classification of living and fossil dinoflagellates. Micropaleontology Special Publication 7: i–viii, 1–351.

[G04] Gibson, N. 2004. Flora and vegetation of the Eastern Goldfields Ranges: part 6. Mt Manning Range. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 87 (2): 35–47.

[GC05] Granjon, L., J.-F. Cosson, E. Quesseveur & B. Sicard. 2005. Population dynamics of the multimammate rat Mastomys huberti in an annually flooded agricultural region of central Mali. Journal of Mammalogy 86 (5): 997–1008.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[LK14] Lyons, M. N., G. J. Keighery, L. A. Gibson & T. Handasyde. 2014. Flora and vegetation communities of selected islands off the Kimberley coast of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 81: 205–244.

[PP07] Pandey, R. P., & P. M. Padhye. 2007. Studies on phytodiversity of Arid Machia Safari Park-Kailana in Jodhpur (Rajasthan). Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 49: 15–78.

[P03] Paul, T. K. 2003. Botanical observations on the Purulia pumped storage hydropower project area, Bagmundi Hills, Purulia district, West Bengal. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 45: 121–142.

[P93] Pittaway, A. R. 1993. The Hawkmoths of the Western Palaearctic. Harley Books: Colchester.

[P88] Polunin, I. 1988. Plants and Flowers of Malaysia. Times Editions: Singapore.

[RA07] Rodrigues, J. C. V., D. Achor, E. W. Kitajima, N. L. Nogueira & C. C. Childers. 2007. Plant diseases and injuries associated with Brevipalpus mites. In: Morales-Malacara, J. B., V. M. Behan-Pelletier, E. Ueckermann, T. M. Pérez, E. G. Estrada-Venegas & M. Badii (eds) Acarology XI: Proceedings of the International Congress pp. 381–390. Instituto de Biología and Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Acarología: México.

[SR07] Sankar, R. V., K. Ravikumar, N. M. Ganesh Babu & D. K. Ved. 2007. Botany of Anapady MPCA, Palghat district, Kerala with special emphasis on species of conservation concern. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 49: 165–172.

[SB02] Sennblad, B., & B. Bremer. 2002. Classification of Apocynaceae s.l. according to a new approach combining Linnaean and phylogenetic taxonomy. Systematic Biology 51 (3): 389–409.

[TGL-S08] Thulin, M., D. Goyder & S. Liede-Schumann. 2008. Cibirhiza spiculata (Apocynaceae), a remarkable new species from eastern Ethiopia. Kew Bulletin 63 (4): 617–624.

Last updated: 19 April 2019.