Uropodoidea

Dinychus sp., copyright Scott Justis.

Belongs within: Uropodina.
Contains: Oplitis, Trachyuropoda, Nenteria, Uroobovella, Trichouropoda, Uropoda, Discourella, Trichocylliba.

The Uropodoidea are a diverse group of mites found in soil, humus, animal nests or decaying organic matter. Species may feed on fungi or organic debris or they may be predators on other small animals such as nematodes or insect larvae (Lindquist et al. 2009). Their classification has been somewhat chaotic in the past, largely due to debate on how much systematic weight should be allowed to characters that may not be expressed at all stages of the life cycle. In species of the family Uroactiniidae, the apex of the fixed cheliceral digit bears a large flower- or mushroom-shaped sensory organ and there are terminal teeth on the corniculi. A distinct internal sclerotised node is associated with the levator tendon of the chelicera in species of Trematuridae, Dinychidae, Trachyuropodidae and Oplitidae but not in Metagynella and Uropodidae. In Metagynella the hypostomatic setae h1 are short and spiniform, and the female genital shield is located behind coxae IV; Uropodidae usually have long and setiform setae h1 and the female genital shield is between coxae II–IV. Dinychidae, Trachyuropodidae and Oplitidae possess short marginal fimbriations and/or moustache-like distal excrescences on the internal malae that are absent in Trematuridae. In Dinychidae, the peritremes are well developed, often forming distinctive serpentine patterns, and the fixed cheliceral digit usually bears an apical 'finger' extending well past the movable digit (Lindquist et al. 2009).

Characters (from Lindquist et al. 2009): Coxae I broad, covering or partially covering narrow tritosternal base, vertex and camerostome well developed, pedofossae often present; palpgenu with 4–5 setae. Dorsal shield of adults smooth or variously ornamented, sometimes with deep pits and ridges, entire or with a posterior pygidial element, free or contiguous with holoventral shield, fused anteriorly to peritrematic elements and often bordered by marginal scutella or coalesced marginal shields; pygidial shield, when present, may be narrow to broad, sometimes subdivided, with or without setae. Chelicerae elongate, sometimes appearing four-segmented, without lyrifissure, terminal digits usually small and often bearing elaborate sensory structures, pilus dentilis present or absent, levator tendon with or without a sclerotized node. Peritremes well developed and often convoluted or serpentine, tritosternal laciniae fused basally and often subdivided distally. Femur I with 8–9 setae, genua III–IV without (or occasionally with 1) ventral setae, tibia I with only 3 dorsal and 2 ventral setae (typically 1 1/1, 2/1 1). Female genital opening covered by a single nude epigynal shield, paraanal elements absent. Male with holoventral shield, genital opening between coxae II–IV (rarely postcoxal), covered by 1–2 valves; protonymph with separate or fused podonotal and mesonotal elements; phoretic deutonymphs may attach to host via strand produced by anal pedicel.

<==Uropodoidea [Prodinychini] LKW09
    |--Clausiadinychus Sellnick 1930 KA90, FH93 [Clausiadinychidae FH93]
    |    `--C. cristatus Sellnick 1930 FH93
    |--Metagynella Berlese in Trouessart & Berlese 1919 FH93 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--*M. paradoxa Berlese 1919 ET79
    |    |--M. lindquisti Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--M. mexicana Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--M. moseri Hirschmann 1975 FH93
    |    `--M. parvula Camin 1953 FH93
    |--Eutrachytidae FH93
    |    |--Dentibaiulus Schuster 1962 FH93
    |    |--Dicornutophorus Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--Mayaphorus Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    `--Eutrachytes Berlese 1914 S61, FH93
    |         `--E. gaieri Schweizer 1961 S61
    |--Prodinychidae FH93
    |    |--Allodinychus Tragardh 1943 FH93
    |    |--Trachyxenura Leitner 1947 FH93
    |    `--Prodinychus Berlese 1917 KA90, FH93
    |         |--*P. fimicolus (Berlese 1903) [=Dinychus fimicolus] ET79
    |         |--P. americanus (Banks 1904) (see below for synonymy) FH93
    |         |--P. flagellifer (Berlese 1910) FH93 [=Dinychus flagellifer FH93, Allodinychus flagelliger S61]
    |         |--P. hummelincki Sellnick 1963 FH93
    |         `--P. tetraphyllus (Berlese 1903) FH93 [=Dinychus tetraphyllus FH93, Phyllodinychus tetraphyllus S61]
    |--Oplitidae LKW09
    |    |--Oplitis LKW09
    |    |--Berleseoplitis Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--Cariboplitis Sellnick 1963 FH93
    |    |--Chelonuropoda Sellnick 1954 FH93
    |    |--Marginura Sellnick 1926 FH93
    |    |--Sellnickoplitis Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--Stammeroplitis Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--Uropectinia Kneissl 1908 FH93
    |    |--Uroplitana Sellnick 1926 FH93
    |    |--Woelkeoplitis Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    `--Womersleyoplitis Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |--Uroactiniidae [Uroactiniinae] LKW09
    |    |--Chiropturopoda Sellnick 1958 FH93
    |    |--Centrouropoda Berlese 1916 FH93
    |    |    `--C. rackae Hirschmann 1975 FH93
    |    `--Uroactinia Hirschmann & Zirngiebl-Nicol 1964 H98
    |         |--*U. consanguinea [=Uropoda consanguinea] D81
    |         |--U. agitans (Banks in Newell 1908) LKW09, FH93 [=Uropoda agitans] FH93
    |         |--U. anchor (Trouessart 1902) [=Uropoda anchor; incl. Fuscuropoda hippocrepoides Vitzthum 1939] FH93
    |         |--U. centroamericana (Stoll 1893) [=Uropoda centroamericana] FH93
    |         |--U. domrowi Hirschmann 1990 H98
    |         |--U. hippocrepea (Berlese 1918) [=Fuscuropoda hippocrepea] FH93
    |         |--U. hirschmanni Hiramatsu 1978 FH93
    |         |--U. ovata (Fox 1948) [=Fuscuropoda ovata] FH93
    |         `--U. rarosae VKC07
    |--Phymatodiscus Berlese 1917 VKC07, FH93 [Phymatodiscidae FH93]
    |--Trachyuropodidae [Trachyuropodina, Trachyuropodini, Trachyuropodoidea] LKW09
    |    |--Trachyuropoda LKW09
    |    |--Arculatatrachys Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--Bostocktrachys Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--Castritrachys Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--Cephalojanetia Willmann 1951 FH93
    |    |--Cephalouropoda Berlese 1903 FH93
    |    |--Cristicepstrachys Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--Excavatatrachys Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--Foliatrachys Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--Graecatrachys Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--Lindquisttrachys Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--Magnatrachys Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--Origmatrachys Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--Trogulotrachys Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--Leonardiella Berlese 1904 FH93
    |    |    `--*L. canestriniana (Berlese 1891) ET79, FH93 [=Uropoda canestriniana FH93]
    |    `--Urojanetia Berlese 1913 [incl. Janetiella Berlese 1904 (preoc.)] FH93
    |         |--*U. coccinea (Michael 1891) E57 [=Uropoda coccinea E57, Trachyuropoda coccinea S22]
    |         `--U. cristipes S61
    |--Nenteriidae FH93
    |    |--Nenteria KA90
    |    |--Calurodiscus Radford 1950 FH93
    |    |--Castrinenteria Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--Stylinenteria Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--Austrodinychus Trägårdh 1952 FH93
    |    |    |--A. canadiensis (Hirschmann 1978) [=Nenteria canadiensis] FH93
    |    |    |--A. chiapasus (Hirschmann 1978) [=Nenteria chiapasa] FH93
    |    |    |--A. fungivorus (Hirschmann 1978) [=Nenteria fungivora] FH93
    |    |    |--A. howdeni (Hirschmann 1978) [=Nenteria howdeni] FH93
    |    |    |--A. martini (Hirschmann 1978) [=Nenteria martini] FH93
    |    |    |--A. mexicanus (Hirschmann 1978) [=Nenteria mexicana] FH93
    |    |    |--A. moseri (Hirschmann 1972) [=Nenteria moseri] FH93
    |    |    `--A. sellnicki (Hirschmann & Wiśniewski 1985) [=Nenteria sellnicki] FH93
    |    `--Ruhmnenteria Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |         |--R. bretonensis (Hirschmann 1978) [=Nenteria bretonensis] FH93
    |         |--R. chihuahuaensis (Hirschmann 1978) [=Nenteria chihuahuaensis] FH93
    |         |--R. durangoensis (Hirschmann 1978) [=Nenteria durangoensis] FH93
    |         |--R. eutamiasae (Hirschmann 1978) [=Nenteria eutamiasae] FH93
    |         |--R. microti (Hirschmann 1978) [=Nenteria microti] FH93
    |         |--R. orghidani (Huţu 1977) [=Nenteria orghidani] FH93
    |         |--R. potosi (Hirschmann 1978) [=Nenteria potosi] FH93
    |         `--R. saltoensis (Hirschmann 1978) [=Nenteria saltoensis] FH93
    |--Dinychidae [Dinychini, Macrodinychidae, Urodiaspididae] LKW09
    |    |--Uroobovella LKW09
    |    |--Diurodinychus Berlese 1916 FH93
    |    |--Phyllodinychus Trägårdh 1943 FH93
    |    |--Lindquistidiaspis Hirschmann 1984 FH93
    |    |    `--L. lindquisti (Hirschmann 1979) [=Urodiaspis lindquisti] FH93
    |    |--Urodiaspis Berlese 1916 LKW09, FH93
    |    |    |--*U. tecta (Kramer 1876) ET79 [=Notaspis tectus ET79, Uropoda tecta E57]
    |    |    |--U. pannonica Willmann 1951 K07
    |    |    `--U. walkeri Hirschmann & Zirngiebl-Nicol 1969 FH93
    |    |--Crinitodiscus Sellnick 1931 FH93
    |    |    `--C. (Oriendiscus) EU03
    |    |         |--C. (O.) pawlolowski EU03
    |    |         `--C. (O.) rafalskii EU03
    |    |--Dinychus Kramer 1886 FH93
    |    |    |--*D. perforatus Kramer 1882 ET79
    |    |    |--D. greensladeae Bloszyk & Halliday 1995 H98
    |    |    |--D. inermis (Koch 1841) [=Sejus inermis; incl. D. vartismithi Hull 1918] FH93
    |    |    |--D. micropunctatus Evans 1955 FH93
    |    |    |--D. ornatus (Fox 1957) [=Phyllodynchus ornatus] FH93
    |    |    |--D. ovatus (Ewing 1909) [=Polyaspis ovatus] FH93
    |    |    |--D. ruseki Athias-Binche, Błoszyk & Olszanowski 1989 FH93
    |    |    `--D. septentrionalis (Trägårdh 1943) [=Phyllodinychus septentrionalis] FH93
    |    |--Baloghmacrodinychus Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--Bregetovamacrodinychus Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--Loksamacrodinychus Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    `--Macrodinychus Berlese 1917 LKW09, FH93
    |         |  i. s.: M. andrassyi Hirschmann 1975 H98
    |         |         M. baloghi Hirschmann 1975 H98
    |         |         M. parallelepipidus KGG07
    |         |--M. (Macrodinychus) FH93
    |         |    |--M. (M.) paraguayensis VKC07
    |         |    `--M. (M.) sellnicki Hirschmann & Zirngiebl-Nicol 1974 FH93
    |         `--M. (Monomacrodinychus) multispinosus Sellnick 1973 FH93
    |--Trematuridae [Trematurellidae, Trematurini] LKW09
    |    |--Trichouropoda LKW09
    |    |--Trematurella Trägårdh 1942 FH93
    |    |--Dentidinychus Sellnick 1926 FH93
    |    |--Gitodinychus Berlese 1917 FH93
    |    |--Trematuroides Cooreman 1960 FH93
    |    |--Trichodinychus Berlese 1917 FH93
    |    |--Trichointerstructura Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--Trichosociata Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--Urolaelaps Berlese 1916 FH93
    |    |--Urospina Sellnick 1931 FH93
    |    |--Trematura Berlese 1917 FH93
    |    |    |--*T. patavina (Canestrini 1885) [=Uropoda patavina] ET79
    |    |    `--T. jacksoni ET79
    |    `--Oodinychus Berlese 1917 FH93
    |         |--*O. janeti (Berlese 1904) [=Urodinychus janeti] ET79
    |         |--O. granulatus Sellnick 1963 FH93
    |         |--O. jurassicus Schweizer 1961 S61
    |         |--O. karawaiewi Berlese 1903 S61
    |         |--O. margaritaensis Sellnick 1963 FH93
    |         |--O. ovalis (Koch 1839) MS91 [=Uropoda ovalis S61]
    |         `--O. venezolanus Sellnick 1963 FH93
    |--Urodinychidae [Urodinychini] FH93
    |    |--Appendiculobovella Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--Calouropoda Berlese 1916 FH93
    |    |--Dinychopsis Berlese 1916 FH93
    |    |--Formosaobovella Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--Indotrachytes Deb & Raychandhuri 1965 FH93
    |    |--Olouropoda Berlese 1916 FH93
    |    |--Paradinychus Berlese 1916 FH93
    |    |    `--*P. venustus Berlese 1916 B16
    |    |--Phaulotrachytes Oudemans 1913 FH93
    |    |--Polyaspidiella Berlese 1910 FH93
    |    |--Pulchellaobovella Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |--Styluropoda Trägåardh 1952 FH93
    |    |--Urocyclella Berlese 1913 FH93
    |    |--Urocylellopsis Willmann 1953 FH93
    |    |--Dinychura Berlese 1913 FH93
    |    |    |--*D. rectangula (Berl. 1913) [=Trachyuropoda (Urojanetia) rectangula] E57
    |    |    `--D. cordieri Berlese 1916 [=Discourella cordieri] ET79
    |    |--Vinicoloraobovella Hirschmann 1979 FH93
    |    |    `--V. americana (Hirschmann 1972) (see below for synonymy) FH93
    |    |--Dendrouropoda Willmann 1959 FH93
    |    |    `--D. vallei S79
    |    |--Neoseius Oudemans 1903 FH93
    |    |    |--N. neptuni (Schuster 1958) [=Urosternella (Neoseius) neptuni] S58
    |    |    `--N. novus WP99
    |    |--Sellnickiobovella Hirschmann 1984 FH93
    |    |    |--S. hilli (Sellnick 1970) [=Fuscuropoda hilli] FH93
    |    |    `--S. marmorea (Fox 1948) [=Fuscuropoda marmorea] FH93
    |    |--Urosternella Berlese 1903 FH93
    |    |    `--U. cylindrica (Berlese 1913) [=Urodinychus cylindricus] FH93
    |    `--Urodinychus Berlese 1903 ET79
    |         |--*U. carinatus (Berlese 1888) [=Uropoda carinata] ET79
    |         |--U. karawaiewi S22
    |         `--U. ovalis S22
    `--Uropodidae (see below for synonymy) LKW09
         |--Habeogula LKW09
         |--Uropoda LKW09
         |--Australiuropoda Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Ceyloniphorus Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Discotrachytes Berlese 1916 FH93
         |--Foveolaturopoda Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Gibbauropoda Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Heterodinychus Berlese 1912 FH93
         |--Interrupturopoda Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Jerzywisniewskia Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Karguropoda Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Laqueaturopoda Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Manuleatophorus Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Neobirophorus Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Multiporuropoda Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Odonturopoda Marais 1977 FH93
         |--Penicillaturopoda Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Spiculaturopoda Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Spinosissuropoda Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Dentatadinychus Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Marginalidinychus Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Toplaidinychus Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Uropolyaspis Berlese 1903 FH93
         |    `--*U. hamulifera (Michael 1894) [=Uropoda hamulifera] ET79
         |--Cyclacarus Ewing 1933 FH93
         |    `--C. aberrans Ewing 1933 FH93
         |--Kaszabjbaloghia Hirschmann 1973 [Kaszabjbaloghiidae] H98
         |    `--K. hirschmanni Hiramatsu 1978 H98
         |--Olodiscus Berlese 1917 FH93
         |    |--*O. integer (Berlese 1910) [=Discopoma integra] ET79
         |    `--O. minima Kramer 1882 E57
         |--Metadinychus Berlese 1916 FH93
         |    |--M. argasiformis Berlese 1916 FH93
         |    |--M. exilis (Hiramatsu & Hirschmann 1979) [=Uropoda (Metadinychus) exilis] FH93
         |    `--M. pura (Hiramatsu & Hirschmann 1979) [=Uropoda (Metadinychus) pura] FH93
         |--Tuberdinychus Schweizer 1961 FH93
         |    |--*T. subterranus (Schweizer 1922) S61 [=Urodinychus subterranus S22]
         |    |--T. fumicolus Schweizer 1961 S61
         |    `--T. parvus Schweizer 1961 S61
         |--Castriidinychus Hirschmann 1973 H98
         |    |--C. baloghi Hirschmann 1975 H98
         |    |--C. kaszabi Hirschmann 1975 H98
         |    `--C. mahunkai Hirschmann 1975 H98
         |--Diphaulocylliba Vitzthum 1925 FH93
         |    |--*D. amplior (Berlese 1923) [=Phaulocylliba amplior] V25
         |    |--D. debilior Vitzthum 1925 V25
         |    |--D. ingens Vitzthum 1925 V25
         |    `--D. permagna (Canestrini 1897) [=Discopoma permagna] V25
         |--Phaulocylliba Berlese 1903 FH93
         |    |--*P. ventricosa Berlese 1903 V25
         |    |--P. inflata Berlese 1920 V25
         |    |--P. littoralis (Trouessart 1902) [=Discopoma littorale; incl. P. berlesi Halbert 1915] V25
         |    |--P. misella (Berlese 1916) [=Cyllibano (Microcylliba) misella] V25
         |    |--P. orbicularis (Müller 1882) S61 (see below for synonymy)
         |    `--P. virgata (Hull 1918) [=Cillibano virgata] V25
         |--Deraiophorus Canestrini 1897 LKW09, FH93
         |    |--D. australis Hirschmann 1973 H98
         |    |--D. maya (Krantz 1969) [=Eutrachytes maya] FH93
         |    |--D. neobiroi Hirschmann 1973 H98
         |    |--D. novaehollandiae (Domrow 1957) [=Urodiaspis novaehollandiae] H98
         |    |--D. simplicior (Domrow 1957) [=Eutrachytes simplicior] H98
         |    `--D. truncatus (Berlese 1888) [=Celaeno truncata] FH93
         |--Piracarus crozetensis P94
         |--Discourella LKW09
         |--Baloghurella Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Capitodiscus Vitzthum 1931 FH93
         |--Clivosurella Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Comydinychus Berlese 1917 FH93
         |--Cosmogynurella Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Formosaurella Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Gerlachurella Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Longicarinaturella Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Reticulaturella Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Rotundurella Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Stammerurella Hirschmann 1979 FH93
         |--Trichocylliba LKW09
         |--Antennequesoma Sellnick 1926 FH93
         `--Hirtitrichocyllibula Hirschmann 1979 FH93

Metagynella Berlese in Trouessart & Berlese 1919 FH93 [incl. Metagynura Balogh 1943 FH93; Metagynellidae, Metagynuridae LKW09]

Phaulocylliba orbicularis (Müller 1882) S61 [incl. Discopoma romana Canestrini & Canestrini 1882 V25, P. romana S61]

Prodinychus americanus (Banks 1904) [=Dinychus americanus; incl. Uroobovella sellnickiamericana Hirschmann 1979] FH93

Uropodidae [Castriidinychidae, Cillibidae, Circocyllibidae, Coxequesomidae, Deraiophoridae, Discourellidae, Phaulodinychidae, Phaulodinychini, Planodiscidae, Thrichocyllibidae, Trichocyllibidae, Uropoden, Uropodini] LKW09

Vinicoloraobovella americana (Hirschmann 1972) [=Uroobovella americana, Fuscuropoda ameriana Moser & Roton 1971 (n. n.); incl. U. neoamericana Hirschmann & Zirngiebl-Nicol 1972] FH93

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B16] Berlese, A. 1916. Centuria terza di Acari nuovi. Redia 12: 289–338.

[D81] Domrow, R. 1981. A small lizard stifled by phoretic deutonymphal mites (Uropodina). Acarologia 22 (3): 247–252.

[EU03] Ekiz, A. N., & R. Urhan. 2003. A new record of Uroobovella Berlese, 1903 (Acari: Uropodina) from Turkey with some ecological notes. Zoology in the Middle East 29: 105–111.

[E57] Evans, G. O. 1957. An introduction to the British Mesostigmata (Acarina) with keys to families and genera. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 43: 203–259.

[ET79] Evans, G. O., & W. M. Till. 1979. Mesostigmatic mites of Britain and Ireland (Chelicerata: Acari-Parasitiformes). An introduction to their external morphology and classification. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 35: 139–270.

[FH93] Farrier, M. H., & M. K. Hennessey. 1993. Soil-inhabiting and free-living Mesostigmata (Acari-Parasitiformes) from North America: an annotated checklist with bibliography and index. North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University, Technical Bulletin 302: i–xvi, 1–408.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[K07] Kontschán, J. 2007. Some new records of Uropodina mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro with descriptions of two new species. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 99: 177–188.

[KA90] Krantz, G. W., & B. D. Ainscough. 1990. Acarina: Mesostigmata (Gamasida). In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 583–665. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[KGG07] Krantz, G. W., L. A. Gómez & V. E. Gonzalez. 2007. Parasitism in the Uropodina: a case history from Colombia. In: Morales-Malacara, J. B., V. M. Behan-Pelletier, E. Ueckermann, T. M. Pérez, E. G. Estrada-Venegas & M. Badii (eds) Acarology XI: Proceedings of the International Congress pp. 29–38. Instituto de Biología and Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Acarología: México.

[LKW09] Lindquist, E. E., G. W. Krantz & D. E. Walter. 2009. Order Mesostigmata. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 124–232. Texas Tech University Press.

[MS91] Miko, L., & M. Stanko. 1991. Small mammals as carriers of non-parasitic mites (Oribatida, Uropodina). In: Dusbábek, F., & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 395–402. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[P94] Pugh, P. J. A. 1994. Non-indigenous Acari of Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 110: 207–217.

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Last updated: 7 April 2021.