Peridiniphycidae

Impagidinium dispertitum, from here.

Belongs within: Peridinea.
Contains: Blepharocysta, Areoligeraceae, Leptodinioideae, Goniodomaceae, Ceratocorys, Cribroperidinioideae, Ceratium, Gonyaulax, Peridiniales.

The Peridiniphycidae are a major group of dinoflagellates With a tabulation that accords with, or derives from, a pattern in which there are five or six latitudinal plate series, and which lack a sagittal suture (Adl et al. 2012).

Peridiniphycidae AS12
    |--+--Gonyaulacales (see below for synonymy) JG17
    |  |    |  i. s.: Stephodinium Deflandre 1936 FT93
    |  |    |           `--S. coronatum Deflandre 1936 RC02
    |  |    |         Isthmocystis Duxbury 1979 FT93
    |  |    |         Coronifera Cookson & Eisenack 1958 FT93
    |  |    |           |--C. oceanica Cookson & Eisenack 1958 I02
    |  |    |           `--C. tubulosa Cookson & Eisenack 1974 I02
    |  |    |         Scriniodinium Klement 1957 FT93
    |  |    |           |--S. ceratophorum Cookson & Eisenack 1960 RC02
    |  |    |           `--S. crystallinum (Deflandre 1939) Klement 1960 RC02
    |  |    |         Actinotheca Cookson & Eisenack 1960 FT93
    |  |    |           `--A. aphroditae Cookson & Eisenack 1960 RC02
    |  |    |         Aireiana Cookson & Eisenack 1965 FT93
    |  |    |         Amphorosphaeridium Davey 1969 FT93
    |  |    |         Arachnodinium Wilson & Clowes 1982 FT93
    |  |    |           `--A. antarcticum QS03
    |  |    |         Archeotectatum Habib 1972 FT93
    |  |    |         Barbatacysta Courtinat 1989 FT93
    |  |    |         Belodinium Cookson & Eisenack 1960 FT93
    |  |    |         Callaiosphaeridium Davey & Williams 1966 [=Hexasphaera Clarke & Verdier 1967] FT93
    |  |    |         Chytroeisphaeridia (Sarjeant 1962) Downie & Sarjeant 1965 (see below for synonymy) FT93
    |  |    |           `--C. simplicia Wall 1965 S73
    |  |    |         Cometodinium Deflandre & Courteville 1939 FT93
    |  |    |         Compositosphaeridium Dodekova 1974 FT93
    |  |    |           `--‘Hystrichosphaeridium’ polonicum Górka 1965 FT93
    |  |    |         Corradinisphaeridium Masure 1986 FT93
    |  |    |         Diphasiosphaera Duxbury 1980 FT93
    |  |    |         Discorsia Duxbury 1977 FT93
    |  |    |         Dissiliodinium Drugg 1978 FT93
    |  |    |         Emslandia Gerlach 1961 FT93
    |  |    |           `--E. spiridoides (Benedek 1972) Benedek & Sarjeant 1981 FT93
    |  |    |         Escharisphaeridia Erkmen & Sarjeant 1980 FT93
    |  |    |         Fibrocysta Stover & Evitt 1978 FT93
    |  |    |           `--‘Lanternosphaeridium’ radiatum Morgenroth 1966 FT93
    |  |    |         Filisphaera Bujak 1984 FT93
    |  |    |         Foucheria Monteil 1992 FT93
    |  |    |         Furzidinium Stancliffe 1991 FT93
    |  |    |         Galeacysta Corradini & Biffi 1988 FT93
    |  |    |         Gelatia Bujak 1984 FT93
    |  |    |         Glossodinium Ioannides et al. 1977 FT93
    |  |    |           `--G. dimorphum Ioannides et al. 1977 RC02
    |  |    |         Gongylodinium Fenton et al. 1980 FT93
    |  |    |         Gordiacysta Miles 1990 FT93
    |  |    |         Habibacysta Head et al. 1989 FT93
    |  |    |         Helbydinium Snape 1992 FT93
    |  |    |         Hemiplacophora Cookson & Eisenack 1965 FT93
    |  |    |         Hemisphaeridium Bujak 1980 FT93
    |  |    |         Histiophora Klement 1960 FT93
    |  |    |         Hurunuia Wilson 1984 FT93
    |  |    |         Hystrichodinium Deflandre 1935 [incl. Heliodinium Alberti 1961] FT93
    |  |    |         Hystrichosphaerina Alberti 1961 FT93
    |  |    |         Invertocysta Edwards 1984 FT93
    |  |    |         Kaiwaradinium Wilson 1978 FT93
    |  |    |         Kiokansium Stover & Evitt 1978 [incl. Bacchidinium Davey 1979] FT93
    |  |    |           |--‘Cleistosphaeridium’ polypes (Cookson & Eisenack 1962) Davey 1969 FT93
    |  |    |           |--K. unituberculatum (Tasch in Tasch et al. 1964) Stover & Evitt 1978 RC02
    |  |    |           `--K. williamsii Singh 1983 FT93
    |  |    |         Komewuia Cookson & Eisenack 1969 [incl. Pontiadinium Stover & Evitt 1978] FT93
    |  |    |         Lagenorhytis Duxbury 1979 [=Speetonia Duxbury 1977 non Black 1971] FT93
    |  |    |         Lanternosphaeridium Morgenroth 1966 FT93
    |  |    |           `--L. lanosum Morgenroth 1966 FT93
    |  |    |         Liesbergia Berger 1986 FT93
    |  |    |         Melitasphaeridium Harland & Hill 1979 FT93
    |  |    |         Mosaicodinium Dodekova 1990 FT93
    |  |    |         Muraticysta Head et al. 1989 FT93
    |  |    |         Nelchinopsis Wiggins 1972 [incl. Alaskadinium Duxbury 1977] FT93
    |  |    |         Neodiacrodium Federova-Shakhmundes 1975 FT93
    |  |    |         Nexosispinum Davey 1979 FT93
    |  |    |         Pervosphaeridium Yun 1981 FT93
    |  |    |           `--‘Hystrichosphaeridium’ truncigerum Deflandre 1937 FT93
    |  |    |         Pilosidinium Courtinat 1989 FT93
    |  |    |         Polystephanephorus Sarjeant 1961 FT93
    |  |    |         Protoellipsodinium Davey & Verdier 1971 FT93
    |  |    |         Pyxidiniopsis Habib 1975 FT93
    |  |    |           `--P. crassimurata Wilson 1988 QS03
    |  |    |         Saturnodinium Brinkhuis et al. 1992 FT93
    |  |    |         Sentusidinium Sarjeant & Stover 1978 [=Tenua Davey 1978 non Eisenack 1958] FT93
    |  |    |         Sirmiodiniopsis Drugg 1978 [incl. Arkellidinium Beju 1979] FT93
    |  |    |         Surculosphaeridium Davey et al. 1966 FT93
    |  |    |         Taeniophora Klement 1960 FT93
    |  |    |         Trichodinium Eisenack & Cookson 1960 FT93
    |  |    |         Vexillocysta Harding 1990 FT93
    |  |    |         Xenicodinium Klement 1960 [incl. Stomodinium He 1984] FT93
    |  |    |         Yalkalpodinium Morgan 1980 FT93
    |  |    |         Areoligeraceae QS03
    |  |    |         Leptodinioideae FT93
    |  |    |         Peridinella AS12
    |  |    |         Pyrophacus AS12
    |  |    |--Goniodomaceae JG17
    |  |    `--+--+--‘Amphidinium’ corpulentum C-SC04
    |  |       |  `--+--Ceratocoryaceae [Ceratocorydae, Ceratocoryinae, Ceratocorys, Ceratocorythaceae] FT93
    |  |       |     |    |--Ceratocorys C-SC04
    |  |       |     |    `--Maghrebinia Below 1981 FT93
    |  |       |     |         `--*M. perforata (Clarke & Verdier 1967) Below 1981 FT93
    |  |       |     `--Protoceratium Bergh 1881 JG17, FT93 [incl. Clathrocysta Stein 1883 FT93]
    |  |       |          |--*P. aceros Bergh 1881 SW70
    |  |       |          |--P. areolatum SW70
    |  |       |          |--P. reticulatum (Claparède & Lachmann 1859) Bütschli 1885 FT93 (see below for synonymy)
    |  |       |          `--P. spinulosum SW70
    |  |       `--+--+--Cribroperidinioideae JG17
    |  |          |  `--Ceratiaceae (see below for synonymy) FT93
    |  |          |       |--Ceratium C-SC04
    |  |          |       |--Australisphaera Davey 1978 FT93
    |  |          |       |--Balmula Bint 1986 FT93
    |  |          |       |--Odontochitinopsis Eisenack 1961 FT93
    |  |          |       |--Vesperopsis Bint 1986 FT93
    |  |          |       |--Aptea Eisenack 1958 [incl. Doidyx Sarjeant 1966] FT93
    |  |          |       |    `--A. polymorpha Eisenack 1958 RC02
    |  |          |       |--Nyktericysta Bint 1986 FT93
    |  |          |       |    `--N. davisii Bint 1986 FT93
    |  |          |       |--Phoberocysta Millioud 1969 FT93
    |  |          |       |    `--P. neocomica (Gocht 1957) Millioud 1969 RC02
    |  |          |       |--Pseudoceratium Gocht 1957 (see below for synonymy) FT93
    |  |          |       |    |--P. ludbrookiae RC02
    |  |          |       |    `--P. turneri RC02
    |  |          |       |--Xenascus Cookson & Eisenack 1969 FT93
    |  |          |       |    |--X. australensis Cookson & Eisenack 1969 RC02
    |  |          |       |    `--X. ceratioides (Deflandre) Lentin & Williams 1973 I02
    |  |          |       |--Muderongia Cookson & Eisenack 1958 (see below for synonymy) FT93
    |  |          |       |    |--M. australis Helby 1967 RC02
    |  |          |       |    |--M. macwhaei Cookson & Eisenack 1958 RC02
    |  |          |       |    `--M. tetracantha (Gocht 1957) Alberti 1961 RC02
    |  |          |       |--Endoceratium Vozzhennikova 1965 FT93
    |  |          |       |    |--E. dettmanniae (Cookson & Hughes 1964) Stover & Evitt 1978 FT93
    |  |          |       |    |--E. exquisitum Morgan 1980 RC02
    |  |          |       |    |--E. ludbrookiae (Cookson & Eisenack) Loeblich & Loeblich 1966 RC02
    |  |          |       |    `--E. turneri (Cookson & Eisenack) Stover & Evitt 1978 RC02
    |  |          |       `--Odontochitina Deflandre 1935 FT93
    |  |          |            |--O. ancala VH02
    |  |          |            |--O. costata Alberti 1961 RC02
    |  |          |            |--O. cribropoda Deflandre & Cookson 1955 RC02
    |  |          |            |--O. operculata (Wetzel 1933) Deflandre & Cookson 1955 RC02
    |  |          |            |--O. porifera Cookson 1956 FT93
    |  |          |            |--O. rhakodes VH02
    |  |          |            `--O. singhii Morgan 1980 RC02
    |  |          `--+--Crypthecodinium Biecheler 1938 C-SC04, FT93 [Crypthecodiniaceae, Crypthecodinidae]
    |  |             |    |--C. cohnii (Seligo 1886) Chatton 1952 FT93 [=Glenodinium cohnii S73]
    |  |             |    `--C. setense Biecheler 1938 FT93
    |  |             `--Gonyaulacoideae QS03
    |  |                  |--Gonyaulax C-SC04
    |  |                  |--Spiniferella cornuta (Gerlach 1961) Stover & Hardenboll 1994 QS03
    |  |                  |--Tectatodinium Wall 1967 FT93
    |  |                  |--Achomosphaera Evitt 1963 FT93
    |  |                  |--Amylax Meunier 1909 FT93
    |  |                  |--Avellodinium Duxbury 1977 FT93
    |  |                  |--Catastomocystis Singh 1983 FT93
    |  |                  |--Ectosphaeropsis Londeix & Jan du Chêne 1988 FT93
    |  |                  |--Exiguisphaera Duxbury 1979 FT93
    |  |                  |--Hystrichostrongylon Agelopoulos 1964 FT93
    |  |                  |--Okerisphaeridium Kunz 1990 FT93
    |  |                  |--Pentadinium Gerlach 1961 (see below for synonymy) FT93
    |  |                  |--Prionodinium Leffingwell & Morgan 1977 FT93
    |  |                  |--Pterodinium Eisenack 1958 FT93
    |  |                  |--Rottnestia Cookson & Eisenack 1961 FT93
    |  |                  |--Trabeculidium Duxbury 1980 FT93
    |  |                  |--Tubotuberella Vozzhennikova 1967 (see below for synonymy) FT93
    |  |                  |--Unipontidinium Wrenn 1988 FT93
    |  |                  |--Gonyaulacysta Deflandre 1964 FT93
    |  |                  |    `--G. jurassica (Deflandre 1939) Norris & Sarjeant 1965 FT93
    |  |                  |--Acanthogonyaulax (Kofoid 1911) Graham 1942 FT93
    |  |                  |    `--A. spinifera (Murray & Whiting) Graham 1942 [=Ceratocorys spinifera] S73
    |  |                  |--Corrudinium Stover & Evitt 1978 FT93
    |  |                  |    `--C. incompositum (Drugg 1970) Stover & Evitt 1978 FT93
    |  |                  |--Bitectatodinium Wilson 1973 [incl. Caledonidinium Reid 1974] FT93
    |  |                  |    `--B. tepikiense Wilson 1973 FT93
    |  |                  |--Ataxiodinium Reid 1974 FT93
    |  |                  |    `--A. choane MS02
    |  |                  |--Cannosphaeropsis Wetzel 1933 FT93
    |  |                  |    `--C. mirabilis Cookson & Eisenack 1958 FT93
    |  |                  |--Evittosphaerula Manum 1979 FT93
    |  |                  |    `--E. paratabulata Manum 1979 FT93
    |  |                  |--Hystrichosphaeropsis Deflandre 1935 FT93
    |  |                  |    `--H. ovum Deflandre 1935 FT93
    |  |                  |--Psaligonyaulax Sarjeant 1966 FT93
    |  |                  |    `--P. deflandrei Sarjeant 1966 RC02
    |  |                  |--Spiraulax Kofoid 1911 FT93
    |  |                  |    `--S. kofoidii Graham 1942 (see below for synonymy) S73
    |  |                  |--Triblastula Wetzel 1933 FT93
    |  |                  |    |--T. nuda Wetzel 1961 FT93
    |  |                  |    |--T. tabulata Wetzel 1961 FT93
    |  |                  |    `--T. utinensis Wetzel 1933 FT93
    |  |                  |--Nematosphaeropsis Deflandre & Cookson 1955 (see below for synonymy) FT93
    |  |                  |    |--N. densiradiata (Cookson & Eisenack 1962) Stover & Evitt 1978 RC02
    |  |                  |    |--N. labyrinthea (see below for synonymy) FT93
    |  |                  |    |--N. lemniscata Bujak 1984 FT93
    |  |                  |    `--‘Adnatosphaeridium’ reticulense (Pastiels 1848) de Coninck 1969 FT93
    |  |                  `--Impagidinium Stover & Evitt 1978 FT93
    |  |                       |--I. aculeatum MS02
    |  |                       |--I. cassiculum Wilson 1988 QS03
    |  |                       |--I. dispertitum (Cookson & Eisenack 1965) Stover & Evitt 1978 FT93
    |  |                       |--I. pallidum MS02
    |  |                       |--I. paradoxum MS02
    |  |                       |--I. sphaericum (Wall 1967) Lentin & Williams 1981 FT93
    |  |                       `--I. waipawaense QS03
    |  `--Shublikodiniaceae (see below for synonymy) FT93
    |       |--Rhaetogonyaulax Sarjeant 1966 [incl. Shublikodinium Wiggins 1973] FT93
    |       |    |--R. arctica (Wiggins 1973) Stover & Evitt 1978 FT93
    |       |    `--R. rhaetica (Sarjeant 1963) Loeblich & Loeblich 1968 FT93
    |       `--Dapcodinium Evitt 1961 FT93
    |            |--D. ovale Below 1987 FT93
    |            |--D. polyedricum Below 1987 FT93
    |            `--D. priscum Evitt 1961 FT93
    `--+--+--‘Gyrodinium’ dorsum C-SC04
       |  |--Borghiellaceae JG17
       |  |    |--Baldinia AS12
       |  |    `--Borghiella AS12
       |  `--Symbiodiniaceae JG17
       |       |--+--‘Gymnodinium’ beii LO03
       |       |  |--‘Gymnodinium’ simplex C-SC04 [=Protodinium simplex S73]
       |       |  `--Polarella glacialis C-SC04
       |       `--+--‘Gymnodinium’ varians C-SC04
       |          `--Symbiodinium Freudenthal 1962 C-SC04, FT93
       |               |--S. corculorum C-SC04
       |               |--S. microadriaticum Freudenthal 1962 [=Zooxanthella microadriatica] FT93
       |               `--S. pilosum WC02
       `--Peridiniales JG17

Peridiniphycidae incertae sedis:
  Podolampadaceae [Lissodiniaceae, Lissodinidae, Podolampidae, Podolampinae] AS12
    |--Blepharocysta FT93
    |--Lissodinium Matzenauer 1933 FT93
    |--Podolampas Stein 1883 [incl. Parrocelia Gourret 1883] FT93
    |    |--*P. bipes Stein 1883 SW70, FT93
    |    |--P. antarctica Balech in Balech & El-Sayed 1965 S73
    |    |--P. elegans SW70
    |    |--P. graeca Athanassopoulos 1931 S73
    |    |--P. palmipes SW70
    |    |--P. reticulata SW70
    |    `--P. spinifer SW70
    |--Gaarderiella AS12
    |--Heterobractum AS12
    `--Mysticella AS12

Nomen invalidum: Podolampas maxima Balech 1967 [=P. maximum] S73

Ceratiaceae [Ceratidae, Ceratieae, Ceratiinae, Ceratiineae, Endoceratiaceae, Muderongiaceae, Muderongidae, Odontochitinaceae, Pseudoceratiaceae, Pseudoceratidae] FT93

Chytroeisphaeridia (Sarjeant 1962) Downie & Sarjeant 1965 [incl. Tapeinosphaeridium Ioannides et al. 1977] FT93

Gonyaulacales [Achilleodiniaceae, Actinothecaceae, Apteodinaceae, Apteodinidae, Avellodiniaceae, Belodiniaceae, Belodinidae, Cannosphaeropsitaceae, Compositosphaeraceae, Cordosphaeridiaceae, Coroniferaceae, Ctenidodiniaceae, Dichadogonyaulaceae, Endoscriniaceae, Eodiniaceae, Eodinidae, Florentiniaceae, Goniaulacaceae, Gonyaulacaceae, Gonyaulaceae, Gonyaulacida, Gonyaulacidae, Gonyaulacineae, Gonyaulacoidia, Gonyaulacystaceae, Gonyaulacystineae, Hystrichodiniaceae, Hystrichodinidae, Hystrichokolpomaceae, Hystrichosphaeraceae, Hystrichosphaeridae, Lingulodiniaceae, Lithodiniaceae, Nelchinopsaceae, Protoceratiaceae, Scriniodiniaceae, Silicisphaeraceae, Spiniferitaceae, Stephodiniaceae, Stephodinidae, Systematophoraceae, Thalassiphoraceae] JG17

Muderongia Cookson & Eisenack 1958 [incl. Pseudomuderongia Jain & Khowaja-Ateequzzaman 1984] FT93

Nematosphaeropsis Deflandre & Cookson 1955 [incl. Coccopterum Silva 1970, Pterococcus Lohmann 1904 nec Pallas 1773 nec Hasskarl 1842] FT93

Nematosphaeropsis labyrinthea [=Pterococcus labyrinthus, *Coccopterum labyrinthum (Ostenfeld 1903) Silva 1970] FT93

Pentadinium Gerlach 1961 [incl. Planinosphaeridium Eisenack 1965, Toenisbergia Benedek et al. 1982] FT93

Protoceratium reticulatum (Claparède & Lachmann 1859) Bütschli 1885 FT93 [incl. Operculodinium centrocarpum S73, O. psilatum S73]

Pseudoceratium Gocht 1957 [incl. Eopseudoceratium (Neale & Sarjeant 1962) Lentin & Williams 1973] FT93

Shublikodiniaceae [Dapcodinieae, Dapcodiniinae, Rhaetogonyaulacaceae, Rhaetogonyaulacinae, Rhaetogonyaulacineae, Rhaetogonyaulacoideae] FT93

Spiraulax kofoidii Graham 1942 [=Spiraulax joliffei non Gonyaulax joliffei, Spiraulaxina kofoidii (Graham) Loeblich 1970] S73

Tubotuberella Vozzhennikova 1967 [incl. Dimidiadinium Brideaux 1977, Glabridinium Brideaux 1977] FT93

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AS12] Adl, S. M., A. G. B. Simpson, C. E. Lane, J. Lukeš, D. Bass, S. S. Bowser, M. W. Brown, F. Burki, M. Dunthorn, V. Hampl, A. Heiss, M. Hoppenrath, E. Lara, E. Le Gall, D. H. Lynn, H. McManus, E. A. D. Mitchell, S. E. Mozley-Stanridge, L. W. Parfrey, J. Pawlowski, S. Rueckert, L. Shadwick, C. L. Schoch, A. Smirnov & F. W. Spiegel. 2012. The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429–493.

[C-SC04] Cavalier-Smith, T., & E. E. Chao. 2004. Protalveolate phylogeny and systematics and the origins of Sporozoa and dinoflagellates (phylum Myzozoa nom. nov.) European Journal of Protistology 40: 185–212.

[FT93] Fensome, R. A., F. J. R. Taylor, G. Norris, W. A. S. Sarjeant, D. I. Wharton & G. L. Williams. 1993. A classification of living and fossil dinoflagellates. Micropaleontology Special Publication 7: i–viii, 1–351.

[I02] Ibrahim, M. I. A. 2002. Late Albian-Middle Cenomanian palynofacies and palynostratigraphy, Abu Gharadig-5 well, Western Desert, Egypt. Cretaceous Research 23: 775–788.

[JG17] Janouškovec, J., G. S. Gavelis, F. Burki, D. Dinh, T. R. Bachvaroff, S. G. Gornik, K. J. Bright, B. Imanian, S. L. Strom, C. F. Delwiche, R. F. Waller, R. A. Fensome, B. S. Leander, F. L. Rohwer & J. F. Saldarriaga. 2017. Major transitions in dinoflagellate evolution unveiled by phylotranscriptomics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 114 (2): E171–E180.

[LO03] Lee, J. J., R. Olea, M. Cevasco, X. Pochon, M. Correia, M. Shpigel & J. Pawlowski. 2003. A marine dinoflagellate, Amphidinium eilatiensis n. sp., from the benthos of a mariculture sedimentation pond in Eilat, Israel. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 50 (6): 439–448.

[MS02] Marret, F., & J. Scourse. 2002. Control of modern dinoflagellate cyst distribution in the Irish and Celtic seas by seasonal stratification dynamics. Marine Micropaleontology 47: 101–116.

[QS03] Quattrocchio, M. E., & W. A. S. Sarjeant. 2003. Dinoflagellates from the Chorrillo Chico Formation (Paleocene) of southern Chile. Ameghiniana 40 (2): 129–153.

[RC02] Riding, J. B., & J. A. Crame. 2002. Aptian to Coniacian (Early–Late Cretaceous) palynostratigraphy of the Gustav Group, James Ross Basin, Antarctica. Cretaceous Research 23: 739–760.

[S73] Sournia, A. 1973. Catalogue des espèces et taxons infraspécifiques de Dinoflagellés marins actuels publiés depuis la révision de J. Schiller. I. Dinoflagellés libres. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 48: 1–92.

[SW70] Steidinger, K. A., & J. Williams. 1970. Dinoflagellates. Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises 2: 1–251.

[VH02] Vallejo, C., P. A. Hochuli, W. Winkler & K. von Salis. 2002. Palynological and sequence stratigraphic analysis of the Napo Group in the Pungarayacu 30 well, sub-Andean zone, Ecuador. Cretaceous Research 23: 845–859.

[WC02] Wright, A.-D. G., & A. Colorni. 2002. Taxonomic re-assignment of Cryptocaryon irritans, a marine fish parasite. European Journal of Protistology 37: 375–378.