Malpighiales

Yellow tulipwood Drypetes deplanchei, from CSIRO.

Belongs within: Fabidae.
Contains: Violineae, Peraceae, Rafflesiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Picrodendraceae, Linaceae, Chrysobalanales, Elatinaceae, Malpighiaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Ochnaceae, Clusiaceae, Calophyllaceae, Hypericum.

The Malpighiales is a large clade of flowering plants supported primarily by molecular analyses. Morphological synapomorphies for the clade are few, except for a toothed leaf lamina margin and dry stigma (Angiosperm Phylogeny Website). Members include the Humiriaceae, a primarily Neotropical group (except a single species in west Africa) of trees and shrubs with blackish-drying, short-petiolate leaves that often bear longitudinal lines down the abaxial surface. The Ixonanthaceae are a pantropical but poorly known group of trees with spirally arranged leaves.

Malpighiales [Euphorbiales, Hypericineae, Lineae, Ochnineae, Parietales]
    |  i. s.: Gonystylaceae T00
    |           |--Gonystylus bancanus T00, H03
    |           `--Aetoxylon T00
    |--+--+--Violineae XR12
    |  |  `--Humiriaceae XR12
    |  |       |  i. s.: Humiriastrum CBH93
    |  |       |--Schistostemon retusum XR12
    |  |       `--+--Sacoglottis gabonensis XR12, FGN07
    |  |          `-+--Vantanea XR12
    |  |            `--Humiria balsamifera XR12
    |  `--+--+--Peraceae XR12
    |     |  `--+--Rafflesiaceae DL07
    |     |     `--Euphorbiaceae XR12
    |     `--+--+--Phyllanthaceae XR12
    |        |  `--Picrodendraceae XR12
    |        `--+--Linaceae XR12
    |           `--Ixonanthaceae XR12
    |                |  i. s.: Phyllocosmus T00
    |                |--Ixonanthes icosandra XR12, WM09
    |                `--+--Ochthocosmus XR12
    |                   `--Cyrillopsis XR12
    |--+--+--Chrysobalanales XR12
    |  |  `--Balanops [Balanopaceae, Balanopales] XR12
    |  |       |--B. caledonica XR12
    |  |       `--B. pachyphylla XR12
    |  |--+--Centroplacaceae XR12
    |  |  |    |--Centroplacus glaucinus XR12
    |  |  |    `--Bhesa XR12
    |  |  `--+--Elatinaceae XR12
    |  |     `--Malpighiaceae XR12
    |  |--Caryocaraceae XR12
    |  |    |--Anthodiscus peruanus XR12
    |  |    |--Retisyncolporites angularis Gonzalez-Guzman 1967 CBH93
    |  |    `--Caryocar XR12
    |  |         |--C. brasiliense K06
    |  |         |--C. coriaceum K06
    |  |         `--C. villosum K06
    |  `--+--Lophopyxis [Lophopyxidaceae] XR12
    |     `--Putranjivaceae [Drypeteae] XR12
    |          |--Lingelsheimia T00
    |          |--Putranjiva roxburgii XR12
    |          |--Sibangea T00
    |          `--Drypetes DL07
    |               |--D. australasica [=D. lasiogyna var. australasica] H90
    |               |--D. deplanchei LK14
    |               |    |--D. d. ssp. deplanchei PT01
    |               |    `--D. d. ssp. affinis PT01
    |               `--D. roxburghii WM09
    `--+--+--Ctenolophonaceae XR12
       |  |    |--Ctenolophon englerianus XR12
       |  |    `--Ctenolophonidites costatus CBH93
       |  `--+--Erythroxylaceae XR12
       |     `--Rhizophoraceae XR12
       |--+--Pandaceae XR12
       |  |    |--Microdesmis casearifolia XR12
       |  |    `--Galearia maingayi XR12
       |  `--Irvingiaceae XR12
       |       |--Desbordesia T00
       |       |--Irvingia malayana XR12
       |       |--Klainedoxa XR12
       |       `--Allantospermum APG16
       `--+--+--Ochnaceae XR12
          |  `--+--Medusagyne [Medusagynaceae] XR12
          |     |    `--M. oppositifolia XR12
          |     `--Quiinaceae XR12
          |          |--Froesia XR12
          |          `--+--Touroulia XR12
          |             `--Quiina glaziovii XR12
          `--+--+--Clusiaceae XR12
             |  `--Bonnetiaceae XR12
             |       |--Archytaea XR12
             |       `--Ploiarium sessile XR12, J06
             `--+--Calophyllaceae XR12
                `--+--Podostemaceae [Podostemales] XR12
                   |    |  i. s.: Marathrum XR12
                   |    |         Malaccotristicha australis LK14
                   |    |         Nitophyllites zaisanica Ilinskaja 1963 CBH93
                   |    |--Tristichoideae T00
                   |    `--Podostemum XR12 [Podostemoideae T00]
                   |         `--P. ceratophyllum XR12
                   `--Hypericaceae [Hypericoideae] XR12
                        |--+--Eliea XR12
                        |  `--Cratoxylum formosum XR12, P88
                        `--+--Hypericum XR12
                           `--Vismia XR12
                                |--V. ferrginea XR12
                                `--V. guianensis K06

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[APG16] Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 1–20.

[CBH93] Collinson, M. E., M. C. Boulter & P. L. Holmes. 1993. Magnoliophyta (‘Angiospermae’). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 809–841. Chapman & Hall: London.

[DL07] Davis, C. C., M. Latvis, D. L. Nickrent, K. J. Wurdack & D. A. Baum. 2007. Floral gigantism in Rafflesiaceae. Science 315: 1812.

[FGN07] Fontaine, B., O. Gargominy & E. Neubert. 2007. Land snail diversity of the savanna/forest mosaic in Lopé National Park, Gabon. Malacologia 49 (2): 313–338.

[H90] Harden, G. J. (ed.) 1990. Flora of New South Wales vol. 1. New South Wales University Press.

[H03] Heads, M. 2003. Ericaceae in Malesia: vicariance biogeography, terrane tectonics and ecology. Telopea 10 (1): 311–449.

[J06] Johnstone, R. E. 2006. The birds of Gag Island, Western Papuan islands, Indonesia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 23 (2): 115–132.

[K06] Kwiecinski, G. G. 2006. Phyllostomus discolor. Mammalian Species 801: 1–11.

[LK14] Lyons, M. N., G. J. Keighery, L. A. Gibson & T. Handasyde. 2014. Flora and vegetation communities of selected islands off the Kimberley coast of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 81: 205–244.

[PT01] Pemberton, L. M. S., S.-L. Tsai, P. H. Lovell & P. J. Harris. 2001. Epidermal patterning in seedling roots of eudicotyledons. Annals of Botany 87: 649–654.

[P88] Polunin, I. 1988. Plants and Flowers of Malaysia. Times Editions: Singapore.

[T00] Thorne, R. F. 2000. The classification and geography of the flowering plants: dicotyledons of the class Angiospermae (subclasses Magnoliidae, Ranunculidae, Caryophyllidae, Dilleniidae, Rosidae, Asteridae, and Lamiidae). The Botanical Review 66: 441–647.

[WM09] Wang, H., M. J. Moore, P. S. Soltis, C. D. Bell, S. F. Brockington, R. Alexandre, C. C. Davis, M. Latvis, S. R. Manchester & D. E. Soltis. 2009. Rosid radiation and the rapid rise of angiosperm-dominated forests. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 106 (10): 3853–3858.

[XR12] Xi, Z., B. R. Ruhfel, H. Schaefer, A. M. Amorim, M. Sugumaran, K. J. Wurdack, P. K. Endress, M. L. Matthews, P. F. Stevens, S. Mathews & C. C. Davis. 2012. Phylogenomics and a posteriori data partitioning resolve the Cretaceous angiosperm radiation Malpighiales. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 109 (43): 17519–17524.

Last updated: 18 July 2021.