Austrobaileyales

Japanese star anise Illicium anisatum, photographed by Kenpei.

Belongs within: Angiospermae.

The Austrobaileyales is a small clade (about 100 species) of flowering plants found in the Indo-Australian region and southern North America. The clade has been shown to occupy a basal position in angiosperm phylogeny.

Synapomorphies (from the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website): Tiglic acid present; vessels solitary; nodes 1:2; petiole bundle(s) arcuate; mucilaginous extragynoecial compitum present, outer integument 5-7 cells thick; fruit a berrylet; perianth deciduous; mesotestal cells ± sclerotic; endosperm starchy.

<==Austrobaileyales [Illiciales]
    |--Austrobaileya [Austrobaileyaceae] SR07
    |    `--A. scandens White 1933 CD07
    `--+--Trimeniaceae FF01
       |    |--Piptocalyx C01
       |    `--Trimenia C01
       `--Illiciineae T00
            |--Schisandraceae SR07
            |    |--Kadsura T00
            |    `--Schisandra SR07
            |         |--S. chinensis WZ99
            |         `--S. sphenanthera SR07
            `--Illicium [Illiciaceae] SR07
                 |--I. anisatum DS04
                 |--I. ekmanii J87
                 |--I. geiseltalense JD05
                 |--I. parviflorum DS04
                 `--I. religiosum LO98

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CD07] Cantino, P. D., J. A. Doyle, S. W. Graham, W. S. Judd, R. G. Olmstead, D. E. Soltis, P. S. Soltis & M. J. Donoghue. 2007. Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta. Taxon 56 (3): E1-E44.

[C01] Carlquist, S. 2001. Observations on the vegetative anatomy of Austrobaileya: Habital, organographic and phylogenetic conclusions. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 135 (1): 1-11.

[DS04] Davis, J. I., D. W. Stevenson, G. Petersen, O. Seberg, L. M. Campbell, J. V. Freudenstein, D. H. Goldman, C. R. Hardy, F. A. Michelangeli, M. P. Simmons, C. D. Specht, F. Vergara-Silva & M. Gandolfo. 2004. A phylogeny of the monocots, as inferred from rbcL and atpA sequence variation, and a comparison of methods for calculating jackknife and bootstrap values. Systematic Botany 29 (3): 467-510.

[FF04] Friedman, W. E., & S. K. Floyd. 2001. Perspective: The origin of flowering plants and their reproductive biology – a tale of two phylogenies. Evolution 55 (2): 217-231.

[J87] Judd, W. S. 1987. Floristic study of Morne La Visite and Pic Macaya National Parks, Haiti. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum – Biological Sciences 32 (1): 1-136.

[JD05] Junge, F. W., M. Dolezych, H. Walther, T. Böttger, A. Kühl, L. Kunzmann, P. Morgenstern, T. Steinberg & R. Stange. 2005. Ein Fenster in Landschaft und Vegetation vor 37 Millionen Jahren: Lithologische, sedimentgeochemische und paläobotanische Befunde aus einem Paläoflusssystem des Weißelsterbeckens. Mauritiana 19 (2): 185-273.

[LO98] Lack, H. W., & H. Ohba. 1998. Die Xylothek des Chikusai Kato. Willdenowia 28: 263-276.

[SR07] Saarela, J. M., H. S. Rai, J. A. Doyle, P. K. Endress, S. Mathews, A. D. Marchant, B. G. Briggs & S. W. Graham. 2007. Hydatellaceae identified as a new branch near the base of the angiosperm phylogenetic tree. Nature 446: 312-315.

[T00] Thorne, R. F. 2000. The classification and geography of the flowering plants: Dicotyledons of the class Angiospermae (subclasses Magnoliidae, Ranunculidae, Caryophyllidae, Dilleniidae, Rosidae, Asteridae, and Lamiidae). The Botanical Review 66: 441-647.

[WZ09] Wang Y., Zhou J., Tan N., Ding Z. & Jiang X. 1999. Cyclic dipeptides from Schizandra chinensis and their syntheses. Yaoxue Xuebao [Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica] 34: 19-22.