Amaryllidaceae

Brunsvigia bosmaniae, copyright Hendrik van Zijl.

Belongs within: Petrosaviidae.
Contains: Narcissus, Cyrtanthus, Haemanthus, Gethyllis, Crinum, Strumaria.

The Amaryllidaceae are a family of bulb-producing plants that are most diverse in temperate and warm temperate regions. They are distinguished by having the inflorescence subtended by an involucre of one or more spathaceous bracts (Healy & Edgar 1980). Numerous examples are grown as ornamentals such as the naked lady Amaryllis belladonna or the amaryllis Hippeastrum species. Members of the tribe Amaryllideae are distinguished by the presence of extensible fibres in the bulb tunics.

Characters (from Healy & Edgar 1980): Clump-forming perennial herbs; bulb tunicate. Leaves few, basal, more or less linear to lorate. Flowers bisexual, usually actinomorphic and umbellate, occasionally solitary; spathe of 1-2 valves, scarious, persistent or deciduous before maturity. Perianth petaloid, with or without tube, sometimes with corona. Stamens 6, opposite perianth-segments, inserted on them or free; filaments free, or expanded at base and connate. Ovary inferior; style slender, with capitate or three-lobed stigma; ovules usually many. Fruit a capsule, or fleshy and indehiscent.

<==Amaryllidaceae (see below for synonymy) EN20
    |--+--Rauhia Traub 1957 [Stenomesseae] EN20
    |  |    |--R. multiflora (Kunth) Ravenna 1969 (see below for synonymy) EN20
    |  |    |--R. decora Ravenna 1981 EN20
    |  |    `--R. staminosa Ravenna 1978 EN20
    |  `--+--Cyrtanthus EN20
    |     `--+--Calostemma Br. 1810 CC87 [Calostemateae EN20]
    |        |    |--*C. purpureum Br. 1810 (see below for synonymy) CC87
    |        |    `--C. luteum Sims 1819 [incl. C. candidum Lindley in Mitchell 1838] CC87
    |        `--Haemantheae EN20
    |             |--Haemanthus CV06
    |             |--Gethyllis ERV99
    |             |--Clivia mirabilis EN20
    |             `--Apodolirion ERV99
    |                  |--A. amyanum ERV99
    |                  `--A. lanceolatum ERV99
    `--Amaryllideae EN20
         |  i. s.: Crossyne ERV99
         |           |--C. flava ERV99
         |           `--C. guttata [incl. Boophone ciliaris non Haemanthus ciliaris Linné 1762] EN20
         |--Amaryllis Linnaeus 1753 CC87 [Amaryllidinae EN20]
         |    `--*A. belladonna Linnaeus 1753 CC87
         `--+--Boophone Herbert 1821 (see below for synonymy) EN20
            |    |--B. disticha (Linné) Herbert 1821 (see below for synonymy) EN20
            |    `--B. haemanthoides Leighton 1947 (see below for synonymy) EN20
            `--+--Crinum EN20
               `--Strumariinae EN20
                    |--Strumaria EN20
                    `--Brunsvigia Heister 1755 EN20
                         |--*B. orientalis EN20
                         |--B. appendiculata ERV99
                         |--B. bosmaniae ERV99
                         |--B. burcheiliana ERV99
                         |--B. comptonii ERV99
                         |--B. gregaria ERV99
                         |--B. herrei Leighton ex Barker 1963 EN20
                         |--B. marginata ERV99
                         |--B. minor ERV99
                         `--B. radula (Jacquin) Aiton 1811 (see below for synonymy) EN20

Amaryllidaceae incertae sedis:
  Milula spicata O88
  Namaquanula bruynsii CV06
  Scadoxus multiflorus DVC08
  Calathinus Rafin. 1836 KC01
  Urceolina Rchb. 1828 KC01
  Ammocharis CV06
    |--A. coranica B14
    `--A. nerinoides CV06
  Hippeastrum J87
    |--H. aulicum D59
    |--H. calyptratum EN20
    `--H. puniceum J87
  Galanthus V09
    |--G. latifolius V09
    `--G. nivalis V02
  Pancratium P03
    |--P. biflorum P03
    |--P. maritimum Y98
    `--P. triflorum YG03
  Nerine HE80
    |--N. filifolia HE80
    |--N. pusilla CV06
    `--N. sarniensis [=Amaryllis sarniensis] C55
  Cybistetes longifolia ERV99
  Leucojum L. 1753 CC87
    |--*L. vernum L. 1753 CC87
    `--L. aestivum Linnaeus 1759 HE80
  Narcissus CC87
  Zephyranthes Herbert 1821 (nom. cons.) CC87
    |--*Z. atamasco (L.) Herbert 1821 CC87
    |--Z. candida (Herbert) Herbert 1826 [=Amaryllis candida Herbert 1823] CC87
    `--Z. grandiflora Lindley 1825 [incl. Z. carinata Herbert 1825] CC87

Amaryllidaceae [Amaryllidales, Amaryllidineae, Brunsvigiaceae, Cyrtanthaceae, Galanthaceae, Gethyllidaceae, Haemanthaceae, Leucojaceae, Narcissaceae, Oporanthaceae, Pancratiaceae, Zephyranthaceae] EN20

Boophone Herbert 1821 [=Boophane Herbert 1821 (nom. inv.), Buphane Herbert 1825 (nom. inv.), Buphone Herbert 1825 (nom. inv.); Boophoninae] EN20

Boophone disticha (Linné) Herbert 1821 [=Amaryllis disticha Linné 1782, Brunsvigia disticha (Linné) Sweet 1826, Haemanthus distichus (Linné) Linné ex Savage 1937; incl. H. ciliaris Linné 1762, Brunsvigia ciliaris (Linné) Ker-Gawler 1817, Boophone intermedia Roemer 1847, Haemanthus lemairei De Wildeman 1921, Bo. longipedicellata Pax 1889, Brunsvigia rautanenii Baker 1903, Haemanthus robustus Pax 1892, H. sinuatus Schultes & Schultes 1830 (nom. inv.), H. toxicarius Linné ex Aiton 1789 (nom. illeg.), Amaryllis toxicaria (Linné ex Aiton) Dietrich 1840 (nom. illeg.), *Boophone toxicaria (Linné ex Aiton) Herbert 1825 (nom. illeg.), Brunsvigia toxicaria (Linné ex Aiton) Ker-Gawler 1821 (nom. illeg.)] EN20

Boophone haemanthoides Leighton 1947 [incl. B. disticha var. ernesti-ruschii Dinter & Schulze 1941, B. haemanthoides ssp. ernesti-ruschii (Dinter & Schulze) Duncan & Tsang 2016, B. ernesti-ruschii Dinter ex Sölch 1960 (nom. inv.)] EN20

Brunsvigia radula (Jacquin) Aiton 1811 [=Amaryllis radula Jacquin 1797, Coburgia radula (Jacquin) Herbert ex Steudel 1840] EN20

*Calostemma purpureum Br. 1810 [incl. C. carneum Lindley in Mitchell 1838, C. purpureum var. carnea (Lindley) Benth. 1873] CC87

Rauhia multiflora (Kunth) Ravenna 1969 [=Phaedranassa multiflora Kunth 1850; incl. P. megistophylla Kraenzlin 1917, Rauhia megistophylla (Kraenzlin) Traub 1966, R. occidentalis Ravenna 2002, *R. peruviana Traub 1957] EN20

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[C55] Candolle, A. de. 1855. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 2. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[CC87] Clifford, H. T., J. G. Conran, J. B. Williams, R. J. F. Henderson, H. J. Hewson, E. M. Watson, G. J. Keighery, D. M. Churchill, I. R. H. Telford, A. Thongpukdee, N. H. Brittan, A. S. George, W. T. Stearn & T. D. Macfarlane. 1987. Liliaceae. Flora of Australia 45: 148–419.

[CV06] Craven, P., & P. Vorster. 2006. Patterns of plant diversity and endemism in Namibia. Bothalia 36 (2): 175–189.

[DVC08] Darbyshire, I., K. Vollesen & H. M. Chapman. 2008. A remarkable range disjunction recorded in Metarungia pubinervia (Acanthaceae). Kew Bulletin 63 (4): 613–615.

[D59] Darwin, C. 1859. The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life 1^st ed. John Murray: London.

[EN20] Eggli, U., & R. Nyffeler (eds) 2020. Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Monocotyledons 2^nd ed. Springer.

[ERV99] Esler, K. J., P. W. Rundel & P. Vorster. 1999. Biogeography of prostrate-leaved geophytes in semi-arid South Africa: hypotheses on functionality. Plant Ecology 142 (1–2): 105–120.

[HE80] Healy, A. J., & E. Edgar. 1980. Flora of New Zealand vol. 3. Adventive cyperaceous, petalous and spathaceous monocotyledons. P. D. Hasselberg, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[J87] Judd, W. S. 1987. Floristic study of Morne La Visite and Pic Macaya National Parks, Haiti. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum—Biological Sciences 32 (1): 1–136.

[KC01] Kirk, P. M., P. F. Cannon, J. C. David & J. A. Stalpers. 2001. Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi 9^th ed. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[O88] Ohba, H. 1988. The alpine flora of the Nepal Himalayas: an introductory note. In: Ohba, H., & S. B. Malla (eds) The Himalayan Plants vol. 1. The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 19–46.

[P03] Paul, T. K. 2003. Botanical observations on the Purulia pumped storage hydropower project area, Bagmundi Hills, Purulia district, West Bengal. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 45: 121–142.

[V02] Vánky, K. 2002. The smut fungi of the world. A survey. Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica 49 (2–3): 163–175.

[V09] Verdcourt, B. (ed.) 2009. Additions to the Wild Fauna and Flora of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. XXVI. Miscellaneous records. Kew Bulletin 64 (1): 183–194.

[YG03] Yadav, S. R., & S. P. Gaikwad. 2003. A revision of the Indian Aponogetonaceae. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 45: 39–76.

[Y98] Yannitsaros, A. 1998. Additions to the flora of Kithira (Greece) I. Willdenowia 28: 77–94.

Last updated: 12 June 2022.