Pentameridae

Borealis cristiformis, from Modzalevskaya (2003).

Belongs within: Pentamerida.

The Pentameridae were a family of brachiopods that lived from the Upper Ordovician to the Lower Devonian (Amsden & Biernat 1965). In some genera, such as Conchidium and Lissocoelina, the pedicle valve is distinctly rostrate, arching over the brachial valve.

Characters (from Amsden & Biernat 1965, as Pentamerinae): Moderate to large size, with smooth, costate or costellate shells generally lacking well-developed interareas; fold and sulcus absent or weakly developed. Brachial processes long, rodlike; outer plates commonly discrete, but in a few genera uniting to make cruralium.

<==Pentameridae [Pentamerinae]
    |--Aliconchidium St. Joseph 1942 AB65
    |    `--*A. yassi St. Joseph 1942 AB65
    |--Brooksina Kirk 1922 AB65
    |    `--*B. alaskensis Kirk 1922 AB65
    |--Callipentamerus Boucot 1964 M65
    |    `--*C. corrugatus (Weller & Davidson 1896) [=Pentamerus corrugatus] M65
    |--Capelliniella Strand 1928 [=Capellinia Hall & Clarke 1894 non Trichese 1874] AB65
    |    `--*C. mira (Hall & Clarke 1894) [=*Capellinia mira] AB65
    |--Cymbidium Kirk 1926 AB65
    |    `--*C. actum Kirk 1926 AB65
    |--Jolvia Sapelnikov 1960 AB65
    |    `--*J. multiplexa Sapelnikov 1960 AB65
    |--Lissocoelina Schuchert & Cooper 1931 AB65
    |    `--*L. pergibbosa (Hall & Whitfield 1875) [=Pentamerus pergibbosus] AB65
    |--Pentamerifera Khodalevich 1939 AB65
    |    `--*P. taltiensis (Chernyshev 1893) [=Pentamerus taltiensis] AB65
    |--Pentameroides Schuchert & Cooper 1931 AB65
    |    `--*P. subrectus (Hall & Clarke 1894) [=Pentamerus oblongus subrectus] AB65
    |--Rhipidium Schuchert & Cooper 1931 AB65
    |    `--*R. knappi (Hall & Whitfield 1872) [=Pentamerus knappi] AB65
    |--Harpidium Kirk 1925 M03
    |    |--*H. insigne (Kirk 1925) [=H. insignis] AB65
    |    `--H. angustum Poulsen 1943 M03
    |--Pentamerus Sowerby 1813 (see below for synonymy) AB65
    |    |--*P. oblongus Sowerby in Murchison 1839 AB65 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--P. costatus Etheridge 1892 F71
    |    `--P. hospes F71
    |--Borealis Boucot, Johnson & Staton 1971 M03
    |    |--*B. borealis (Eichwald 1842) M03
    |    |    |--B. b. borealis M03
    |    |    `--B. b. osloensis Mørk 1981 M03
    |    |--B. cristiformis (Modzalevskaya 1985) [=Pentamerus cristiformis] M03
    |    `--B. schmidti (Lebedev 1892) M03
    `--Conchidium Oehlert 1887 AB65
         |--*C. biloculare (Hisinger 1799) [=Anomia bilocularis] AB65
         |--C. alaskense AB65
         |--C. etheridgei (Dun 1907) [=Pentamerus (Conchidium) etheridgei] F71
         |--C. knightii [=Pentamerus knightii; incl. C. knightii var. stricta] F71
         |--C. munsteri St. Joseph 1937 AB65
         |--C. occidentale (Hall 1852) [=Pentamerus occidentalis] AB65
         `--C. vogulicum AB65

Nomen rejiciendum: Pentamerus laevis Sowerby 1813 AB65

Pentamerus Sowerby 1813 [incl. Grypidia Dalman 1828 (nom. rej.), Miopentamerus Alexander 1936 (nom. rej.), Trimurus Caldwell 1934 (nom. rej.)] AB65

*Pentamerus oblongus Sowerby in Murchison 1839 AB65 [incl. P. samojedicus Keyserling 1846 M03, Borealis samojedicus M03]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AB65] Amsden, T. W., & G. Biernat. 1965. Pentamerida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt H. Brachiopoda, vol. 2, pp. H523-H552. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas Press: Lawrence (Kansas).

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1-167.

[M03] Modzalevskaya, T. L. 2003. Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107.

[M65] Moore, R. C. (ed.) 1965. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt H. Brachiopoda, vol. 2. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas Press: Lawrence (Kansas).