Synalpheus

Individual of Synalpheus fritzmuelleri infected by bopyrid isopod, copyright Arthur Anker.

Belongs within: Alpheoidea.

Synalpheus is a pantropical genus of snapping shrimp, commonly found living in association with sessile marine animals such as sponges, corals or crinoids. The genus was erected on the basis of the absence of epipods on the thoracic appendages (Dardeau 1984).

See also: Kneel before the shrimp queen.

<==Synalpheus Bate 1888 D84
    |--S. agelas Pequegnat & Heard 1979 D84
    |--S. anasimus Chace 1972 [=S. anisimanus (l. c.)] D84
    |--S. androsi Coutière 1909 D84
    |--S. apioceros Coutière 1909 D84
    |--S. barahonensis Armstrong 1949 D84
    |--S. bousfieldi Chace 1972 D84
    |--S. brevicarpus (Herrick 1891) D83
    |--S. brevifrons Chace 1972 D84
    |--S. brooksi Coutière 1909 [incl. S. brooksi eleutherae Coutière 1909, S. brooksi strepsiceros Coutière 1909] D84
    |--S. comatularum (Haswell 1882) MG-H11
    |--S. curacaoensis Schmitt 1924 D84
    |--S. disparodigitus Armstrong 1949 D84
    |--S. dominicensis Armstrong 1949 D84
    |--S. filidigitus Armstrong 1949 D84
    |--S. fritzmuelleri Coutière 1909 D84
    |--S. gambarelloides (Nardo 1847) [incl. Alpheus laevimanus Heller 1862, S. laevimanus] D84
    |--S. goodei Coutière 1909 [incl. S. osburni Schmitt 1933] D84
    |    |--S. g. goodei D84
    |    `--S. g. occidentalis Coutière 1909 D84
    |--S. hastilicrassus Coutière 1905 TSH09
    |--S. heardi Dardeau 1984 D84
    |--S. hemphilli Coutière 1908 D84
    |--S. herricki Coutière 1909 (see below for synonymy) D84
    |--S. longicarpus (Herrick 1891) (see below for synonymy) D84
    |--S. lophodactylus Coutière 1908 MG-H11
    |--S. macclendoni Coutière 1910 D84
    |--S. minus (Say 1818) D84
    |--S. neomeris (de Man 1897) MG-H11
    |--S. neptunus MG-H11
    |    |--S. n. neptunus MG-H11
    |    `--S. n. germanus Banner & Banner 1975 MG-H11
    |--S. nilandensis Coutière 1905 MG-H11
    |--S. obtusifrons Chace 1972 D84
    |--S. pandionis Coutière 1909 [incl. S. pandionis extentus Coutière 1909, S. grampusi Coutière 1909] D84
    |--S. paraneptunus Coutière 1909 D84
    |--S. parfaiti Coutière 1898 [=S. laevimanus parfaiti] D84
    |--S. pectiniger Coutière 1907 D84
    |--S. rathbunae Coutière 1909 D84
    |--S. sanctithomae Coutière 1909 D84
    |--S. scaphoceris Coutière 1910 D84
    |--S. sladeni Coutière 1908 D84
    |--S. spongicola Banner & Banner 1981 D84
    |--S. stimpsoni (de Man 1888) TSH09
    |--S. streptodactylus Coutière 1905 MG-H11
    |--S. tenuispina Coutière 1909 D84
    |--S. theano de Man 1910 MG-H11
    |--S. townsendi Coutière 1909 D84
    `--S. tumidomanus (Paul’son 1875) TSH09
         |--S. t. tumidomanus KK03
         `--S. t. africanus Crosnier & Forest 1965 KK03

Synalpheus herricki Coutière 1909 [incl. S. herricki angustipes Coutière 1909, S. herricki dimidiatus Coutière 1909, S. tanneri Coutière 1909] D84

Synalpheus longicarpus (Herrick 1891) [=Alpheus saulcyi var. longicarpus, S. laevimanus var. longicarpus; incl. S. longicarpus approxima Coutière 1909] D84

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[D84] Dardeau, M. R. 1984. Synalpheus shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae). I. The Gambarelloides group, with a description of a new species. Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises 7 (2): 1–125.

[KK03] Kocataş, A., & T. Katağan. 2003. The decapod crustacean fauna of the Turkish seas. Zoology in the Middle East 29: 63–74.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O'Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[TSH09] Titelius, M. A., A. Sampey & C. G. Hass. 2009. Crustaceans of Mermaid (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reefs, north Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77: 145–176.

Palaemonidae

Glass anemone shrimp Periclimenes brevicarpalis, copyright Hectonichus.

Belongs within: Caridea.
Contains: Macrobrachium, Palaemonetes.

The Palaemonidae are a group of shrimps with well-developed, prominent chelae on the first pair of pereiopods, as well as normal chelae on the second pair. They have been divided between the largely free-living Palaemoninae and the commensal Pontoniinae.

<==Palaemonidae
    |  i. s.: Pseudoclimenes holthuisi Bruce 2008 MG-H11
    |         Bechleja rostrata Feldmann et al. 1981 BWW93
    |--Pontoniinae TSH09
    |    |--Lipkebe holthuisi M85
    |    |--Hamodactylus TSH09
    |    |--Neopontonides TSH09
    |    |--Vir philippinensis Bruce & Svoboda 1984 TSH09
    |    |--Palaemonella Dana 1852 H86
    |    |    `--P. burnsi Holthuis 1973 H86
    |    |--Pontonia M85
    |    |    |--P. flavomaculata Heller 1864 KK03
    |    |    |--P. margarita Smith 1869 M88
    |    |    `--P. pinnophylax (Otto 1821) KK03
    |    `--Periclimenes Costa 1844 H86
    |         |--P. aleator Bruce 1991 MG-H11
    |         |--P. americanus (Kingsley 1878) M88
    |         |--P. amethysteus PP64
    |         |--P. brevicarpalis Schenkel 1902 TSH09
    |         |--P. iridescens Lebour 1949 M88
    |         |--P. longicaudatus (Stimpson 1860) M88
    |         |--P. magnus Holthuis 1951 M88
    |         |--P. perryae M85
    |         |--P. pholeter Holthuis 1973 H86
    |         |--P. scriptus (Risso 1822) KK03
    |         `--P. yaldwyni HS01
    `--Palaemoninae H86
         |--Macrobrachium H86
         |--Palaemonetes H86
         |--Creaseria Holthuis 1950 H86
         |    `--C. morleyi (Creaser 1936) H86
         |--Neopalaemon Hobbs 1973 H86
         |    `--N. nahuatlus Hobbs 1973 H86
         |--Troglindicus Sankolli & Shenoy 1979 H86
         |    `--T. phreaticus Sankolli & Shenoy 1979 H86
         |--Bithynops Holthuis 1973 H86
         |    |--B. luscus Holthuis 1973 H86
         |    `--B. perspicax Holthuis 1977 H86
         |--Troglocubanus Holthuis 1949 H86
         |    |--T. calcis (Rathbun 1912) H86
         |    |--T. eigenmanni (Hay 1903) H86
         |    |--T. gibarensis (Chace 1943) H86
         |    |--T. inermis (Chace 1943) H86
         |    |--T. jamaicensis Holthuis 1963 H86
         |    `--T. perezfarfanteae Villalobos 1974 H86
         `--Palaemon DM11
              |  i. s.: P. adspersus Rathke 1837 (nom. cons.) H86 [incl. Cancer squilla Linnaeus 1758 (n. o.) G03]
              |         P. affinis Milne Edwards 1837 H86
              |         P. biunguiculatus Lucas 1846 E12
              |         P. concinnus Dana 1852 H86
              |         P. elegans Rathke 1837 KK03
              |         P. jamaicensis F15
              |         P. lar L02
              |         P. longirostris Milne-Edwards 1837 KK03
              |         P. macrodactylus Rathbun 1902 OM03
              |         P. northropi [=Palaeander northropi] M85
              |         P. pandaliformis M85
              |         P. paucidens De Haan 1844 OM03
              |         P. ritteri CB93
              |         P. serratus (Pennant 1777) PH03
              |         P. squilla L02
              |         P. suttkusi SC17
              |         P. varians B64
              |         P. xiphias Risso 1816 KK03
              `--P. (Eupalaemon) DM11
                   |--P. (E.) dux Lenz 1910 DM11
                   |--P. (E.) foai Cout. 1902 DM11
                   |--P. (E.) lanchesteri De Man 1911 (see below for synonymy) DM11
                   |--P. (E.) lenzii De Man 1911 DM11
                   |--P. (E.) macrobrachion Herklots 1851 DM11
                   `--P. (E.) ‘paucidens’ Hilgendorf 1893 non De Haan 1844 DM11

Palaemon (Eupalaemon) lanchesteri De Man 1911 [=P. paucidens Lanchester 1901 nec De Haan 1844 nec Hilgendorf 1893] DM11

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B64] Brady, G. S. 1864. On the zoology of Hylton Dene, near Sunderland. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33 (Notices and Abstracts): 100.

[BWW93] Briggs, D. E. G., M. J. Weedon & M. A. Whyte. 1993. Arthropoda (Crustacea excluding Ostracoda). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 321–342. Chapman & Hall: London.

[CB93] Cash, C. E., & R. T. Bauer. 1993. Adaptations of the branchial ectoparasite Probopyrus pandalicola (Isopoda: Bopyridae) for survival and reproduction related to ecdysis of the host, Palaemonetes pugio (Caridea: Palaemonidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology 13 (1): 111–124.

[DM11] De Man, J. G. 1911. On the West-African species of the subgenus Eupalaemon Ortm. Notes from the Leyden Museum 33: 261–264.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l'Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[F15] Fowler, H. W. 1915. Cold-blooded vertebrates from Florida, the West Indies, Costa Rica, and eastern Brazil. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 67 (2): 244–269.

[G03] Grave, S. de. 2003. Historical patterns in the description of north east Atlantic Decapoda. Journal of Crustacean Biology 23 (3): 669–677.

[HS01] Hayward, B. W., A. B. Stephenson, M. S. Morley, W. M. Blom, H. R. Grenfell, F. J. Brook, J. L. Riley, F. Thompson & J. J. Hayward. 2001. Marine biota of Parengarenga Harbour, Northland, New Zealand. Records of the Auckland Museum 37: 45–80.

[H86] Holthuis, L. B. 1986. Decapoda. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 589–615. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[KK03] Kocataş, A., & T. Katağan. 2003. The decapod crustacean fauna of the Turkish seas. Zoology in the Middle East 29: 63–74.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[M85] Markham, J. C. 1985. A review of the bopyrid isopods infesting caridean shrimps in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, with special reference to those collected during the Hourglass cruises in the Gulf of Mexico. Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises 7 (3): 1–156.

[M88] Markham, J. C. 1988. Descriptions and revisions of some species of Isopoda Bopyridae of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Zoologische Verhandelingen 246: 1–63.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O'Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[OM03] Oh, C.-W., C.-W. Ma, R. G. Hartnoll & H.-L. Suh. 2003. Reproduction and population dynamics of the temperate freshwater shrimp, Neocaridina denticulata denticulata (de Haan, 1844), in a Korean stream. Crustaceana 76 (8): 993–1015.

[PH03] Pinheiro, M. A. A., & G. Y. Hattori. 2003. Embryology of the mangrove crab Ucides cordatus (Brachyura: Ocypodidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology 23 (3): 729–737.

[SC17] Schwentner, M., D. J. Combosch, J. P. Nelson & G. Giribet. 2017. A phylogenomic solution to the origin of insects by resolving crustacean-hexapod relationships. Current Biology 27: 1818–1824.

[TSH09] Titelius, M. A., A. Sampey & C. G. Hass. 2009. Crustaceans of Mermaid (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reefs, north Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77: 145–176.

Last updated: 13 March 2022.

Pandalidae

Narval shrimp Plesionika narval, from HCMR.

Belongs within: Caridea.

The Pandalidae are a cosmopolitan family of shrimp found primarily in colder waters (including deep waters in tropical regions).

Characters (from Chace 1985): Rostrum well-developed, laterally compressed, variable; antennular flagella simple, without accessory branches; mandible with palp and with incisor and molar processes deeply separate; first maxilliped with flagellum on exopod; second maxilliped normal, two distal segments not arising side by side from penultimate segment; first pereopod simple or microscopically chelate; second pereopod chelate, carpus subdivided into two or more articles; first male pleopod with endopod normal, not unusually enlarged or elaborately convoluted.

<==Pandalidae
    |--Dichelopandalus Caullery 1896 B04
    |    `--D. leptocerus K-M02
    |--Chlorocurtis Kemp 1925 C85
    |--Pandalina C85
    |    |--P. brevirostris (Rathke 1843) KK03
    |    `--P. profunda Holthuis 1946 KK03
    |--Austropandalus C85
    |--Procletes levicarina (Bate 1888) MG-H11
    |--Dorodotes Bate 1888 [Dorodoteidae] C85
    |    `--*D. reflexus Bate 1888 C85
    |--Heterocarpoides De Man 1917 [Heterocarpoididae] C85
    |    `--*H. levicarina (Bate 1888) (see below for synonymy) C85
    |--Stylopandalus Coutière 1905 C85
    |    `--*S. richardi (Coutière 1905) (see below for synonymy) C85
    |--Chlorotocella Balss 1914 C85
    |    |--*C. gracilis Balss 1914 C85
    |    `--C. spinicaudus (Milne Edwards 1837) MG-H11
    |--Chlorotocus Milne Edwards 1882 C85
    |    |--C. crassicornis (Costa 1871) (see below for synonymy) C85
    |    `--C. novaezeelandiae (Borradaile 1916) C85
    |--Pandalus Leach 1814 B04
    |    |--P. borealis MF02
    |    |--P. brevis Rathbun 1906 C85
    |    |--P. jordani B78
    |    `--P. montagui AMI02
    |--Heterocarpus Milne Edwards 1881 [Heterocarpidae] C85
    |    |--*H. ensifer Milne Edwards 1881 C85
    |    |    |--H. e. ensifer C85
    |    |    `--H. e. parvispina De Man 1917 C85
    |    |--H. affinis Faxon 1893 C85
    |    |--H. alexandri Milne Edwards 1883 C85
    |    |--H. dorsalis Bate 1888 [incl. H. affinis Borradaile 1915 non Faxon 1893, H. alphonsi Bate 1888] C85
    |    |--H. gibbosus Bate 1888 C85
    |    |--H. grimaldii Milne Edwards & Bouvier 1900 C85
    |    |--H. hayashii Crosnier 1988 MG-H11
    |    |--H. hostilis Faxon 1893 C85
    |    |--H. laevigatus Bate 1888 C85
    |    |--H. laevis Milne Edwards 1883 C85
    |    |--H. lepidus De Man 1917 C85
    |    |--H. longirostris MacGilchrist 1905 C85
    |    |--H. oryx Milne Edwards 1881 C85
    |    |--H. reedi Bahamonde 1955 C85
    |    |--H. sibogae De Man 1917 C85
    |    |--H. signatus Rathbun 1906 C85
    |    |--H. tricarinatus Alcock & Anderson 1894 C85
    |    |--H. unicarinatus Borradaile 1915 C85
    |    |--H. vicarius Faxon 1893 C85
    |    `--H. woodmasoni Alcock 1901 C85
    |--Notopandalus Yaldwyn 1960 B04
    `--Plesionika Bate 1888 [incl. Nothocaris Bate 1888, Parapandalus Borradaile 1899; Plesionikidae] C85
         |--P. ensis (Milne Edwards 1881) [=Acanthephyra ensis; incl. *P. uniproducta Bate 1888] C85
         |--P. acanthonotus (Smith 1882) [=Pandalus acanthonotus] C85
         |--P. acinacifer Chace 1985 C85
         |--P. adensameri (Balss 1914) C85
         |--P. alcocki (Anderson 1896) [=Pandalus alcocki] C85
         |--P. antigai Zariquiey 1955 C85
         |--P. assimilis De Man 1917 C85
         |--P. beebei Chace 1937 C85
         |--P. bifurca Alcock & Anderson 1894 [=Pandalus bifurca] C85
         |--P. binoculus (Bate 1888) [=Nothocaris binoculus] C85
         |--P. brevirostris Bate 1888 C85
         |--P. costelloi (Yaldwyn 1971) C85
         |--P. edwardsii (Brandt 1851) (see below for synonymy) C85
         |--‘Pandalus’ escatilis Stimpson 1860 C85
         |--P. exigua (Rathbun 1906) C85
         |--P. filipes (Calman 1939) C85
         |--P. fimbriata Chace 1985 C85
         |--P. gigliolii (Senna 1903) BRP03
         |--P. gracilis (Zarenkov 1971) C85
         |--P. grandis Doflein 1902 [=Pl. spinipes var. grandis] C85
         |--P. heterocarpus (Costa 1871) C85
         |--P. holthuisi Crosnier & Forest 1968 C85
         |--P. hypanodon Doflein 1902 C85
         |--P. indica De Man 1917 [=P. longipes var. indica] C85
         |--P. intermedia Chace 1985 C85
         |--P. izumiae Omori 1971 C85
         |--P. kensleyi Chace 1985 C85
         |--P. longipes C85
         |--P. lophotes Chace 1985 C85
         |--P. martia (Milne Edwards 1883) C85
         |    |--P. m. martia C85
         |    `--P. m. orientalis Chace 1985 C85
         |--P. mexicana Chace 1937 C85
         |--P. minor Calman 1939 C85
         |--P. multispinosus (Zarenkov 1971) C85
         |--P. narval (Fabricius 1787) (see below for synonymy) C85
         |--P. ocellus (Bate 1888) [=Nothocaris ocellus; incl. Pandalus sindoi Rathbun 1906, Plesionika sindoi] C85
         |--P. orientalis Chace 1985 MG-H11
         |--P. ortmanni Doflein 1902 C85
         |--P. pacifica Edmondson 1952 C85
         |--P. parvimartia Chace 1985 C85
         |--P. persica (Kemp 1925) C85
         |--P. philippinensis Chace 1985 C85
         |--P. pumila Chace 1985 C85
         |--P. quasigrandis Chace 1985 C85
         |--P. reflexa Chace 1985 C85
         |--P. rostricrescentis (Bate 1888) [=*Nothocaris rostricrescentis] C85
         |--P. semilaevis Bate 1888 [=P. martia var. semilaevis] C85
         |--P. serratifrons (Borradaile 1899) [=Pandalus (*Parapandalus) serratifrons] C85
         |--P. simulatrix Chace 1985 C85
         |--P. spinensis Chace 1985 C85
         |--P. spinidorsalis (Rathbun 1906) C85
         |--P. spinipes Bate 1888 [=Parapandalus spinipes] C85
         |--P. tenuipes (Smith 1881) [=Pandalus tenuipes] C85
         |--P. ‘tenuipes’ (Borradaile 1899) non Pandalus tenuipes Smith 1881 C85
         |--P. trispinus Squires & Barragan 1976 C85
         `--P. unidens Bate 1888 C85

Chlorotocus crassicornis (Costa 1871) [=Pandalus crassicornis; incl. C. gracilipes var. andamanensis Alcock & Anderson 1899, *C. gracilipes Milne Edwards 1882, C. incertus Bate 1888 (n. d.)] C85

*Heterocarpoides levicarina (Bate 1888) [=Dorodotes levicarina, Heterocarpus (Heterocarpoides) levicarina; incl. Heterocarpus (Heterocarpoides) glabrus Zarenkov 1971] C85

Plesionika edwardsii (Brandt 1851) [=Pandalus (Pontophilus) edwardsii; incl. Pandalus (Parapandalus) longirostris Borradaile 1899] C85

Plesionika narval (Fabricius 1787) [=Astacus narval, Pandalus narval, Parapandalus narval; incl. Pl. pristis (Risso 1816)] C85

*Stylopandalus richardi (Coutière 1905) [=Pandalus richardi; incl. Pan. (Plesionika) gracilis Borradaile 1915, Parapandalus gracilis, Par. zurstrasseni Balss 1914] C85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AMI02] Anger, K., G. S. Moreira & D. Ismael. 2002. Comparative size, biomass, elemental composition (C, N, H), and energy concentration of caridean shrimp eggs. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 42 (2–3): 83–93.

[BRP03] Bottari, T., P. Rinelli & A. Panebianco. 2003. Trawling lesions in some decapod crustaceans: considerations with regard to government inspections. Crustaceana 76 (8): 927–933.

[B04] Boyko, C. B. 2004. The Bopyridae (Crustacea, Isopoda) parasites of the Stylodactylidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea). Zoosystema 26 (2): 199–210.

[B78] Brusca, R. C. 1978. Studies on the cymothoid fish symbionts of the eastern Pacific (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae) II. Systematics and biology of Lironeca vulgaris Stimpson 1857. Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation New Series 2: 1–19.

[C85] Chace, F. A., Jr. 1985. The caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine expedition, 1907–1910, part 3: Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 411: 1–143.

[K-M02] Klein-MacPhee, G. 2002. Silver hakes. Family Merlucciidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3^rd ed. pp. 217–222. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.

[KK03] Kocataş, A., & T. Katağan. 2003. The decapod crustacean fauna of the Turkish seas. Zoology in the Middle East 29: 63–74.

[MF02] Martini, F. H., & D. Flescher. 2002. Hagfishes. Family Myxinidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3^rd ed. pp. 9–16. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O'Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

Homarida

Fossil Hoploparia gabbi, from here.

Belongs within: Astacura.
Contains: Hoploparia.

The Homarida, clawed lobsters, are a group of sometimes large marine decapods. Members of this group have the seventh and eighth thoracic somites fused together (Dixon et al. 2003).

Homarida
    |--Enoplometopus [Enoplometopidae, Enoplometopoidea] DAS03
    |    `--E. occidentalis (Randall 1840) DAS03
    `--Nephropidae DAS03
         |  i. s.: Paleonephrops Mertin 1941 CF06
         |         Nephropsis MG-H11
         |           |--N. acanthura Macpherson 1990 MG-H11
         |           `--N. stewarti Wood-Mason 1872 MG-H11
         |--‘Hoploparia’ buntingi (Feldmann & Holland 1971) TS03
         `--+--+--+--‘Hoploparia’ antarctica Wilckens 1907 TS03
            |  |  `--‘Hoploparia’ tennesseensis Rathbun 1926 TS03
            |  `--+--‘Hoploparia’ bellatrix TS03
            |     `--‘Hoploparia’ shastensis (Rathbun 1929) TS03
            `--+--‘Hoploparia’ gabbi Pilsbry 1901 TS03
               |--‘Homarus’ klebsi TS03
               `--+--Thymopides grobovi TS03
                  |--Hoploparia TS03
                  `--+--‘Hoploparia’ beyrichi (Schlüter 1862) TS03
                     `--+--Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus 1758) AFZ04, BRP03
                        |--Homarinus Kornfield 1995 TS03
                        |    `--H. capensis (Herbst 1792) [=Homarus capensis] TS03
                        `--Homarus Weber 1795 TS03
                             |--H. americanus Milne Edwards 1837 PH03
                             |--H. gammarus (Linnaeus 1758) DAS03
                             `--H. morrisi TS03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AFZ04] Amati, L., R. M. Feldmann & J.-P. Zonneveld. 2004. A new family of Triassic lobsters (Decapoda: Astacidea) from British Columbia and its phylogenetic context. Journal of Paleontology 78 (1): 150–168.

[BRP03] Bottari, T., P. Rinelli & A. Panebianco. 2003. Trawling lesions in some decapod crustaceans: considerations with regard to government inspections. Crustaceana 76 (8): 927–933.

[CF06] Crawford, R. S., R. F. Feldmann, D. A. Waugh, B. M. Kelley & J. G. Allen. 2006. Decapod crustaceans from the Maastrichtian Fox Hills formation. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 47 (1–2): 3–28.

[DAS03] Dixon, C. J., S. T. Ahyong & F. R. Schram. 2003. A new hypothesis of decapod phylogeny. Crustaceana 76: 935–975.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O'Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[PH03] Pinheiro, M. A. A., & G. Y. Hattori. 2003. Embryology of the mangrove crab Ucides cordatus (Brachyura: Ocypodidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology 23 (3): 729–737.

[TS03] Tshudy, D., & U. Sorhannus. 2003. Hoploparia, the best-known fossil clawed lobster (family Nephropidae), is a “wastebasket” genus. Journal of Crustacean Biology 23 (3): 700–711.

Thalassinida

Callianassa tyrrhena, from here.

Belongs within: Reptantia.

The Thalassinida, mud shrimps, are a group of thin-shelled decapods that construct complex burrows in muddy substrates. The first pereiopods of Thalassinida are chelate or subchelate; the second pereiopods are simple or subchelate in Laomediidae, Upogebiidae and Thalassinidae, but chelate in members of the remaining families.

Synapomorphies (from Dixon et al. 2003): Eyes of apposition type. Pereiopod 1 with curved articulation between ischium and merus; row of setae present on pereiopod 2. Seventh thoracic sternite enlarged and lobate.

<==Thalassinida [Axiidea, Callianassoidea, Thalassinidea] DAS03
    |--Jaxea [Laomediidae] DAS03
    |    `--J. nocturna Nardo 1847 DAS03
    `--+--+--Thalassina [Thalassinidae, Thalassinoidea] DAS03
       |  |    `--T. anomala (Herbst 1804) DAS03
       |  `--+--Eiconaxius acutifrons Bate 1888 DAS03
       |     `--Axioidea MD01
       |          |--Strahlaxiidae MD01
       |          |--Micheleidae MD01
       |          |    |--Michelea MG-H11
       |          |    `--Tethisea MG-H11
       |          |--Calocaris DAS03 [Calocarididae MD01]
       |          |    |--C. barnardi K-MC02
       |          |    `--C. macandreae Bell 1846 DAS03
       |          `--Axiidae MG-H11
       |               |--Calastacus myalup Poore & Collins 2009 MG-H11
       |               |--Axiopsis tsushimaensis Sakai 1992 MG-H11
       |               |--Bouvieraxius keiensis Sakai 1992 MG-H11
       |               |--Calaxius acutirostris Sakai & de Saint Laurent 1989 MG-H11
       |               |--Paraxiopsis pumilus (Sakai 1994) MG-H11
       |               |--Planaxius brevifrons Komai & Tachikawa 2008 MG-H11
       |               |--Axius stirhynchus H62
       |               |--Australocaris Poore & Collins 2009 MG-H11
       |               |    `--*A. pinjarup Poore & Collins 2009 MG-H11
       |               `--Acanthaxius MG-H11
       |                    |--A. gathaagudu Poore & Collins 2009 MG-H11
       |                    `--A. ningaloo Poore & Collins 2009 MG-H11
       `--+--Upogebia Leach 1813 DAS03, B55 [Gebiidea, Upogebiidae MD01]
          |    |--U. ancylodactyla de Man 1905 MG-H11
          |    |--U. bowerbankii (Miers 1884) MG-H11
          |    |--U. deltaura (Leach 1815) DAS03
          |    |--U. holthuisi Sakai 1982 MG-H11
          |    |--U. pugettensis H47
          |    |--U. pusilla (Petagna 1792) DAS03
          |    |--U. rostrospinosa Bott 1955 B55
          |    `--U. tipica (Nardo 1869) KK03
          `--+--Callianidea [Callianideidae] DAS03
             |    `--C. typa Milne Edwards 1837 DAS03
             `--Callianassidae MD01
                  |--Lipkecallianassa MG-H11
                  |--Callichirus Stimpson 1866 [Callichirinae] CF06
                  |    |--*C. major (Say 1818) [=Callianassa major] CF06
                  |    |--C. symmetricus (Feldmann & Zinsmeister 1984) [=Callianassa symmetrica] CF06
                  |    `--C. waagei Crawford, Feldmann et al. 2006 CF06
                  `--Callianassa Leach 1814 DAS03, B55
                       |--C. australiensis [=Trypaea australiensis] G75
                       |--C. eiseni (Holmes 1904) [=Lepidophthalmus eiseni] B55
                       |--C. filholi O81
                       |--C. sahul Poore 2008 MG-H11
                       |--C. seilacheri Bott 1955 B55
                       |--C. setimana (de Kay 1842) DAS03
                       |--C. truncata Giard & Bonnier 1890 KK03
                       `--C. tyrrhena (Petagna 1792) DAS03

Thalassinida incertae sedis:
  Ctenochelidae CA04
    |--Anacalliax MD01
    `--Callianopsis de Saint Laurent 1973 CA04
         |--C. australis Casadío, de Angeli et al. 2004 CA04
         |--C. clallamensis (Withers 1924) CA04
         |--C. goniophthalma (Rathbun 1902) CA04
         |--C. inornatus Schweitzer & Feldmann 2001 CA04
         |--C. muratai (Nagao 1932) (see below for synonymy) CA04
         `--C. titaensis (Nagao 1941) CA04
  Thomassiniidae MD01

Callianopsis muratai (Nagao 1932) [incl. Callianassa elongatodigitata Nagao 1941, Callianassa kusiroensis Nagao 1941] CA04

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B55] Bott, R. 1955. Dekapoden (Crustacea) aus El Salvador. 2. Litorale Dekapoden, außer Uca. Senckenbergiana Biologica 36: 45–70.

[CA04] Casadío, S., A. de Angeli, R. M. Feldmann, A. Garassino, J. L. Hetler, A. Parras & C. E. Schweitzer. 2004. New decapod crustaceans (Thalassinidea, Galatheoidea, Brachyura) from the Middle Oligocene of Patagonia, Argentina. Annals of Carnegie Museum 73 (2): 25–47.

[CF06] Crawford, R. S., R. F. Feldmann, D. A. Waugh, B. M. Kelley & J. G. Allen. 2006. Decapod crustaceans from the Maastrichtian Fox Hills formation. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 47 (1-2): 3–28.

[DAS03] Dixon, C. J., S. T. Ahyong & F. R. Schram. 2003. A new hypothesis of decapod phylogeny. Crustaceana 76: 935–975.

[G75] Grant, E. M. 1975. Guide to Fishes. The Co-ordinator-General's Department: Brisbane (Australia).

[H62] Häntzschel, W. 1962. Trace fossils and problematica. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea: Conodonts, Conoidal Shells of Uncertain Affinities, Worms, Trace Fossils and Problematica pp. W177–W245. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[H47] Hatch, M. H. 1947. The Chelifera and Isopoda of Washington and adjacent regions. University of Washington Publications in Biology 10 (5): 155–274.

[K-MC02] Klein-MacPhee, G., & B. B. Collette. 2002. Scorpionfishes. Family Scorpaenidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3^rd ed. pp. 331–338. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.

[KK03] Kocataş, A., & T. Katağan. 2003. The decapod crustacean fauna of the Turkish seas. Zoology in the Middle East 29: 63–74.

[MD01] Martin, J. W., & G. E. Davis. 2001. An updated classification of the Recent Crustacea. Natural History Museum Los Angeles County, Science Series 39: 1–124.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O'Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[O81] O'Brien, C. O. 1981. A. A. Book of New Zealand Wildlife: A guide to the native and introduced animals of New Zealand. Lansdowne Press: Auckland.

Hoploparia

Immature Hoploparia gammaroides, from here.

Belongs within: Homarida.

Hoploparia is a diverse genus of fossil lobsters from the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods. It is poorly defined, having been used for almost all unspecialised fossil Nephropidae, and Tshudy & Sorhannus (2003) suggested that it is paraphyletic to the Recent genera Euphephrops and Metanephrops.

<==Hoploparia McCoy 1849 [incl. Eunephrops Smith 1885] TS03
    |--H. gammaroides McCoy 1849 TS03
    |--H. riddlensis Feldmann 1974 TS03
    `--+--Nephropides Manning 1969 TS03
       |    `--N. caribaeus TS03
       `--+--‘Eunephrops’ cadenasi TS03
          |--H. pusilla Secretan 1964 TS03
          `--+--+--H. gladiator Pilsbry 1901 TS03
             |  `--+--H. sculpta Secretan 1964 TS03
             |     `--+--H. mesembria Etheridge 1917 TS03
             |        `--+--H. brittonestris (Stenzel 1945) TS03
             |           `--H. collignoni (van Straelen 1949) TS03
             `--+--‘Eunephrops’ bairdii TS03
                `--+--H. bearpawensis Feldmann 1977 TS03
                   `--Metanephrops Jenkins 1972 TS03
                        |--M. binghami TS03
                        |--M. boschmai (Holthuis 1964) MG-H11
                        |--M. rossensis TS03
                        `--M. velutinus Chan & Yu 1991 MG-H11

Hoploparia incertae sedis:
  *H. longimanus (Sowerby 1826) [=Astacus longimanus] TS03
  H. alpinus (van Straelen 1936) TS03
  H. arbei Aguirre-Urreta 1989 TS03
  H. aspera Harbort 1905 TS03
  H. bennetti Woodward 1900 TS03
  H. biserialis Fritsch 1887 TS03
  H. blossomana Rathbun 1935 TS03
  H. columbiana Beurlen 1938 TS03
  H. corneti van Straelen 1921 TS03
  H. dentata (Roemer 1841) TS03
  H. dentonensis Rathbun 1935 TS03
  H. edwardsi (Robineau-Desvoidy 1849) TS03
  H. fraasi (Böhm 1891) TS03
  H. gadzicki Feldmann & Crame 1998 TS03
  H. georgeana Rathbun 1935 TS03
  H. groenlandica Ravn 1903 TS03
  H. hakelensis (Fraas 1878) TS03
  H. hemprichi (Mertin 1941) TS03
  H. intermedia Secretan 1964 TS03
  H. johnsoni Rathbun 1935 TS03
  H. kamuy Karasawa & Hayakaya 2000 TS03
  H. mcnairyensis Rathbun 1929 TS03
  H. micklesoni Bishop 1985 TS03
  H. minima Tribolet 1876 TS03
  H. miyamotoi Karasawa 1998 TS03
  H. muncki Pelseneer 1886 TS03
  H. pelseneeri (van Straelen 1936) TS03
  H. schluteri Tribolet 1874 TS03
  H. senonensis Forir 1887 TS03
  H. stokesi (Weller 1903) TS03
  H. travisensis (Stenzel 1945) TS03
  H. triboleti Borissjak 1904 TS03
  H. trigeri (Milne-Edwards 1886) TS03
  H. tshudyi Schweitzer & Feldmann 2001 TS03
  H. wardi Quayle 1987 TS03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O'Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[TS03] Tshudy, D., & U. Sorhannus. 2003. Hoploparia, the best-known fossil clawed lobster (family Nephropidae), is a “wastebasket” genus. Journal of Crustacean Biology 23 (3): 700–711.

Stridentes

Spotted spiny lobster Panulirus guttatus, copyright Jarek Tuszynski.

Belongs within: Achelata.

The Stridentes are a clade of spiny lobsters possessing a stridulatory organ at the base of the antenna. During reproduction, males spread a hardened or gelatinous speramtophoric mass across the posterior sternal segments of the female, from which sperm are released by actions of the latter (George 2005a, b).

<==Stridentes G05b
    |--Linuparus somniosus G05b, RD05
    |--Puerulus G05b
    |    |--P. angulatus (Bate 1888) MG-H11
    |    `--P. sewelli RD05
    |--Palinurus G05b
    |    |--P. delagoae G05b
    |    |--P. elephas (Fabricius 1787) DAS03
    |    |--P. gilchristi G05b
    |    `--P. vulgaris Latreille 1804 DAS03 [incl. Phyllosoma palinuri H04]
    `--Panulirus Gray 1847 G05b, B55
         |  i. s.: P. paessleri (Pfeffer 1897) [=Palinurus paessleri] B55
         |--+--+--P. gracilis Streets 1871 G05a, B55
         |  |  `--P. inflatus (Bouvier 1895) G05a, B55 [=Palinurus inflatus B55]
         |  |--+--P. laevicauda G05a
         |  |  |--P. polyphagus G05a
         |  |  `--P. regius de Brito Capello 1864 G05a, DAS03
         |  `--+--P. homarus (Linnaeus 1758) G05a, KM05
         |     |    |--P. h. homarus G05a
         |     |    |--P. h. megasculpta G05a
         |     |    `--P. h. rubellus G05a
         |     |--P. ornatus (Fabricus 1798) G05a, TSH09
         |     |--P. stimpsoni G05a
         |     `--P. versicolor (Latreille 1804) G05a, TSH09
         `--+--P. argus Latreille 1804 G05a, SBL05
            |    |--P. a. argus G05b
            |    `--P. a. westoni G05b
            |--+--P. echinatus G05a
            |  |--P. guttatus Latreille 1804 G05a, DAS03
            |  |--P. interruptus G05a
            |  `--P. penicillatus G05a
            |--+--P. femoristriga (von Martens 1872) G05a, CN01 (see below for synonymy)
            |  `--P. longipes (Milne-Edwards 1868) G05a, CN01
            |       |--P. l. longipes CN01
            |       `--P. l. bispinosus Borradaile 1899 CN01
            `--+--P. brunneiflagellum Sekiguchi & George 2005 G05a
               |--P. cygnus George 1962 G05a, MG-H11
               |--P. japonicus (von Siebold 1824) G05a, DAS03
               |--P. marginatus G05a
               `--P. pascuensis G05a

Panulirus femoristriga (von Martens 1872) G05a, CN01 [=Palinurus femoristriga CN01, Pan. longipes femoristriga CN01; incl. Pan. albiflagellum Chan & Chu 1996 CN01]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B55] Bott, R. 1955. Dekapoden (Crustacea) aus El Salvador. 2. Litorale Dekapoden, außer Uca. Senckenbergiana Biologica 36: 45–70.

[CN01] Chan, T.-Y., & P. K. L. Ng. 2001. On the nomenclature of the commercially important spiny lobsters Panulirus longipes femoristriga (von Martens, 1872), P. bispinosus Borradaile, 1899, and P. albiflagellum Chan & Chu, 1996 (Decapoda, Palinuridae). Crustaceana 74 (1): 123–127.

[DAS03] Dixon, C. J., S. T. Ahyong & F. R. Schram. 2003. A new hypothesis of decapod phylogeny. Crustaceana 76: 935–975.

[G05a] George, R. W. 2005a. Comparative morphology and evolution of the reproductive structures in spiny lobsters, Panulirus. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39 (3): 493–501.

[G05b] George, R. W. 2005b. Evolution of life cycles, including migration, in spiny lobsters (Palinuridae). New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39: 503–514.

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[KM05] Kulmiye, A. J., & K. M. Mavuti. 2005. Growth and moulting of captive Panulirus homarus homarus in Kenya, western Indian Ocean. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39 (3): 539–549.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O'Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[RD05] Radhakrishnan, E. V., V. D. Deshmukh, M. K. Manisseri, M. Rajamani, J. K. Kizhakudan & R. Thangaraja. 2005. Status of the major lobster fisheries in India. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39 (3): 723–732.

[SBL05] Sharp, W. C., R. D. Bertelsen & V. R. Leeworthy. 2005. Long-term trends in the recreational lobster fishery of Florida, United States: landings, effort, and implications for management. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39 (3): 733–747.

[TSH09] Titelius, M. A., A. Sampey & C. G. Hass. 2009. Crustaceans of Mermaid (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reefs, north Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77: 145–176.

Achelata

Southern rock lobster or crayfish Jasus edwardsii, copyright Stemonitis.

Belongs within: Reptantia.
Contains: Stridentes.

The Achelata, spiny and slipper lobsters, are a group of marine decapods characterised by the lack of chelae on most pereiopods.

Synapomorphies (from Dixon et al. 2003): Eyestalks with row of hairs alongside eye; second antenna greatly enlarged, basal articles of second antennae fused with epistome; pereiopods (except fifth) achelate. Carapace held to body by knob emanating from last thoracic somite; lineae absent; pleon with prominent hinges; pleurites pointed; tail fan soft distally; telson with fixed lateral spines. Phyllosoma larva present.

<==Achelata [Palinuroidea]
    |--Palinuridae DAS03
    |    |  i. s.: Palinustus G05b
    |    |         Palibythus G05b
    |    |--Stridentes G05b
    |    `--Silentes G05b
    |         |--Palinurellus [Synaxidae] G05b
    |         |    `--P. gundlachi von Martens 1878 DAS03
    |         |--Sagmariasus G05b
    |         |    |--S. flemingi G05b
    |         |    `--S. verreauxii G05b
    |         |--Projasus G05b
    |         |    |--P. bahamondei G05b
    |         |    `--P. parkeri G05b
    |         `--Jasus G05b
    |              |--J. edwardsii (Hutton 1875) H86
    |              |--J. frontalis G05b
    |              |--J. lalandei (Milne Edwards 1837) H86
    |              |--J. novaehollandiae G05b
    |              |--J. paulensis L95
    |              |--J. tristani G05b
    |              `--J. verreauxi MC05
    `--Scyllaridae DAS03
         |--Thenus [Theninae] BW05
         |    `--T. orientalis (Lund 1793) DAS03
         |--Arctidinae BW05
         |    |--Arctides guineensis BW05
         |    `--Scyllarides BW05
         |         |--S. aequinoctialis BW05
         |         |--S. astori BW05
         |         |--S. herklotsii BW05
         |         |--S. latus (Latreille 1803) KK03
         |         |--S. nodifer BW05
         |         `--S. squammosus BW05
         |--Ibacinae BW05
         |    |--Evibacus Smith 1869 BW05, B55
         |    |    `--E. princeps Smith 1869 [=Evibaccus (l. c.) princeps] B55
         |    |--Parribacus BW05
         |    |    |--P. antarcticus (Lund 1793) TSH09
         |    |    |--P. caledonicus BW05
         |    |    `--P. scarlatinus BW05
         |    `--Ibacus BW05
         |         |--I. alticrenatus Bate 1888 MG-H11
         |         |--I. chacei BW05
         |         |--I. ciliatus BW05
         |         |--I. novemdentatus BW05
         |         `--I. peronii Leach 1815 MG-H11
         `--Scyllarinae BW05
              |--Acantharctus BW05
              |--Antarctus BW05
              |--Antipodarctus aoteanus [=Scyllarus aoteanus] BW05
              |--Bathyarctus BW05
              |--Biarctus sordidus BW05
              |--Chelarctus cultrifer [=Scyllarus cultrifer] BW05
              |--Gibbularctus BW05
              |--Remiarctus bertholdii (Paulson 1875) BW05, MG-H11
              |--Scammarctus batei BW05
              |--Crenarctus BW05
              |    |--C. bicuspidatus [=Scyllarus bicuspidatus] BW05
              |    `--C. crenatus (Whitelegge 1900) MG-H11
              |--Eduarctus BW05
              |    |--E. martensii BW05
              |    `--E. modestus BW05
              |--Galearctus BW05
              |    |--G. kitanoviriosus BW05
              |    `--G. timidus BW05
              |--Petrarctus BW05
              |    |--P. demani [=Scyllarus demani] BW05
              |    `--P. rugosus BW05
              `--Scyllarus BW05
                   |--S. americanus (Smith 1869) C73
                   |--S. arctus (Linnaeus 1758) DAS03
                   |--S. chacei BW05
                   |--S. depressus BW05
                   |--S. planorbis BW05
                   `--S. pygmaeus (Bate 1888) KK03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BW05] Booth, J. D., W. R. Webber, H. Sekiguchi & E. Coutures. 2005. Diverse larval recruitment strategies within the Scyllaridae. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39 (3): 581–592.

[B55] Bott, R. 1955. Dekapoden (Crustacea) aus El Salvador. 2. Litorale Dekapoden, außer Uca. Senckenbergiana Biologica 36: 45–70.

[C73] Camp, D. K. 1973. Stomatopod Crustacea. Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises 3 (2): 1–100.

[DAS03] Dixon, C. J., S. T. Ahyong & F. R. Schram. 2003. A new hypothesis of decapod phylogeny. Crustaceana 76: 935–975.

[G05] George, R. W. 2005. Evolution of life cycles, including migration, in spiny lobsters (Palinuridae). New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39: 503–514.

[H86] Holthuis, L. B. 1986. Decapoda. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 589–615. E. J. Brill/Dr. W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[KK03] Kocataş, A., & T. Katağan. 2003. The decapod crustacean fauna of the Turkish seas. Zoology in the Middle East 29: 63–74.

[L95] Laubitz, D. R. 1995. Caprellidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the southern and western Indian Ocean. Mésogée 54: 81–100.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O'Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[MC05] Montgomery, S. S., & J. R. Craig. 2005. Distribution and abundance of recruits of the eastern rock lobster (Jasus verreauxi) along the coast of New South Wales, Australia. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39 (3): 619–628.

[TSH09] Titelius, M. A., A. Sampey & C. G. Hass. 2009. Crustaceans of Mermaid (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reefs, north Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77: 145–176.

Galatheidae

Munida rugosa, copyright B. E. Picton.

Belongs within: Anomala.

The Galatheidae, squat lobsters, are a group of benthic or pelagic crustaceans somewhat similar to a lobster in superficial appearance but with the abdomen carried reflexed under the cephalothorax in the manner of a crab.

<==Galatheidae
    |  i. s.: Munidopsis Whiteaves 1874 H86
    |           |--M. andamanica MacGilchrist 1905 MG-H11
    |           |--M. comarge Taylor, Ahyong & Andreakis 2010 MG-H11
    |           |--M. crenatirostris Baba 1988 MG-H11
    |           |--M. cylindrophthalma (Alcock 1894) MG-H11
    |           |--M. dasypus Alcock 1894 MG-H11
    |           |--M. kensleyi Ahyong & Poore 2004 MG-H11
    |           |--M. levis (Alcock & Anderson 1894) MG-H11
    |           `--M. polymorpha Koelbel 1892 H86
    |         Allogalathea elegans (Adams & White 1848) MG-H11
    |         Agononida MG-H11
    |           |--A. eminens (Baba 1988) MG-H11
    |           |--A. incerta (Henderson 1888) MG-H11
    |           |--A. pilosimanus (Baba 1969) MG-H11
    |           |--A. rubrizonata Macpherson & Baba 2009 MG-H11
    |           `--A. similis (Baba 1988) MG-H11
    |         Enriquea leviantennata (Baba 1988) MG-H11
    |         Lauriea gardineri (Laurie 1926) MG-H11
    |         Paramunida stichas Macpherson 1993 MG-H11
    |         Phylladiorhynchus pusillus (Henderson 1885) MG-H11
    |         Raymunida MG-H11
    `--Galatheinae CA04
         |--Galathea MG-H11
         |    |--G. amboinensis de Man 1888 MG-H11
         |    |--G. balssi Miyake & Baba 1964 MG-H11
         |    |--G. bolivai Zariquiey-Alvarez 1950 KK03
         |    |--G. cenarroi (Zariquiey-Alvarez 1968) KK03
         |    |--G. consobrina De Man 1902 MG-H11
         |    |--G. dispersa Bate 1859 KK03
         |    |--G. intermedia Liljeborg 1851 KK03
         |    |--G. nexa Embleton 1834 KK03
         |    |--G. rostrata Milne Edwards 1880 HC79
         |    |--G. squamifera Leach 1814 DAS03
         |    `--G. strigosa (Linnaeus 1767) KK03
         `--Munida Leach 1820 [incl. Austromunida Schweitzer & Feldmann 2000] CA04
              |--*M. rugosa (Fabricius 1775) [=Pagurus rugosus] CA04
              |--M. andamanica Alcock 1894 MG-H11
              |--M. aprosoma Ahyong & Poore 2004 MG-H11
              |--M. babai Tirmizi & Javed 1976 MG-H11
              |--M. casadioi (Schweitzer & Feldmann 2000) [=*Austromunida casadioi] CA04
              |--M. disgrega Baba 2005 MG-H11
              |--M. gordoae Macpherson 2004 MG-H11
              |--M. haswelli Henderson 1885 MG-H11
              |--M. heteracantha Ortmann 1892 MG-H11
              |--M. intermedia Milne-Edwards & Bouvier 1899 KK03
              |--M. irrasa Milne Edwards 1880 HC79
              |--M. keiensis Baba 2005 MG-H11
              |--M. konara Schweitzer & Feldmann 2000 CA04
              |--M. primaeva (Segerberg 1900) CA04
              |--M. quadrispina H47
              |--M. quadroblonga Schweitzer & Feldmann 2000 CA04
              |--M. roshanei Tirmizi 1996 MG-H11
              |--M. rubridigitalis Baba 1994 MG-H11
              |--M. rugosa (Fabricius 1775) KK03
              |--M. rutlanti Zariquiey-Alvarez 1952 KK03
              `--M. tenuimana Sars 1872 KK03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CA04] Casadío, S., A. de Angeli, R. M. Feldmann, A. Garassino, J. L. Hetler, A. Parras & C. E. Schweitzer. 2004. New decapod crustaceans (Thalassinidea, Galatheoidea, Brachyura) from the Middle Oligocene of Patagonia, Argentina. Annals of Carnegie Museum 73 (2): 25–47.

[DAS03] Dixon, C. J., S. T. Ahyong & F. R. Schram. 2003. A new hypothesis of decapod phylogeny. Crustaceana 76: 935–975.

[H47] Hatch, M. H. 1947. The Chelifera and Isopoda of Washington and adjacent regions. University of Washington Publications in Biology 10 (5): 155–274.

[H86] Holthuis, L. B. 1986. Decapoda. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 589–615. E. J. Brill/Dr. W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[HC79] Huff, J. A., & S. P. Cobb. 1979. Penaeoid and sergestoid shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda). Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises 5 (4): 1–101.

[KK03] Kocataş, A., & T. Katağan. 2003. The decapod crustacean fauna of the Turkish seas. Zoology in the Middle East 29: 63–74.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O'Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

Coenobitoidea

Electric blue hermit Calcinus elegans, copyright Fafner.

Belongs within: Anomala.

The Coenobitoidea are a group of crab-like decapods that mostly live as hermit crabs, though the large coconut crab Birgus latro abandons the use of a protective shell as it grows to maturity.

Characters (from McLaughlin & Lemaitre 2001): Mandible with incisor process calcareous, lacking acute teeth; third maxillipeds generally approximate basally; chelipeds equal, subequal or unequal, left frequently largest; fourth pereopods not developed as walking legs; sternite XI fused to sternite XII.

<==Coenobitoidea
    |--Pylochelidae [Pomatochelidae] ML01
    |    |--Pylocheles mortensenii Boas 1926 MG-H11
    |    |--Parapylocheles Alcock 1901 ML01
    |    |--Cancellocheles Forest 1987 ML01
    |    `--Mixtopagurus Milne-Edwards 1880 ML01
    |         `--M. paradoxus Milne-Edwards 1880 ML01
    |--Coenobitidae TSH09
    |    |--Birgus latro (Linnaeus 1758) H86
    |    `--Coenobita Latreille 1829 B55
    |         |--C. brevimanus Dana 1852 DAS03
    |         |--C. clypeatus (Fabricius 1787) ML01
    |         |--C. diogenes (Fabricius 1775) [=Pagurus diogenes, Cenobita (l. c.) diogenes] B55
    |         |--C. perlatus Milne Edwards 1837 TSH09
    |         |--C. rugosus Milne-Edwards 1837 TSH09 [incl. C. compressa Milne-Edwards 1837 B55, C. compressus B55]
    |         `--C. spinosa [incl. C. spinosa var. olivieri] H09
    `--Diogenidae [Diogeninae] ML01
         |--Diogenes pugilator (Roux 1829) KK03
         |--Bathynarius L95
         |--Cancellus parfaiti L95
         |--Aniculus ursus (Olivier 1811) TSH09
         |--Strigopagurus elongatus Forest 1995 MG-H11
         |--Ciliopagurus MG-H11
         |    |--C. shebae (Lewinsohn 1969) MG-H11
         |    `--C. strigatus (Herbst 1804) TSH09
         |--Petrochirus Stimpson 1858 L95, B55
         |    |--P. diogenes L95
         |    `--P. granulatus B55
         |         |--P. g. granulatus B55
         |         `--P. g. californiensis Bouvier 1895 B55
         |--Clibanarius TSH09
         |    |--C. corallinus (Milne Edwards 1848) TSH09
         |    |--C. englaucus W01
         |    |--C. erythropus (Latreille 1818) KK03
         |    |--C. eurysternus (Hilgendorf 1878) TSH09
         |    |--C. padavensis H09
         |    |--C. panamensis Stimpson 1859 B55
         |    |--C. striolatus Dana 1852 TSH09
         |    |--C. virescens (Krauss 1843) TSH09
         |    `--C. vittatus Bosc 1802 ML01
         |--Dardanus Paulson 1875 MG-H11, H14
         |    |--D. arrosor (Herbst 1796) KK03
         |    |--D. callidus (Risso 1827) KK03
         |    |--D. crassimanus (Milne Edwards 1836) TSH09
         |    |--D. deformis (Milne Edwards 1836) TSH09
         |    |--D. gemmatus (Milne Edwards 1848) TSH09
         |    |--D. guttatus (Olivier 1811) TSH09
         |    |--D. lagopodes (Forskal 1775) TSH09
         |    |--D. megistos (Herbst 1804) TSH09
         |    |--D. pedunculatus (Herbst 1804) TSH09
         |    `--D. scutellatus (Milne Edwards 1848) TSH09
         |--Paguristes MG-H11
         |    |--P. aciculus Grant 1905 MG-H11
         |    |--P. barbatus HS01
         |    |--P. brevirostris Baker 1905 TSH09
         |    |--P. eremita (Linnaeus 1767) KK03
         |    |--P. longisetosus Morgan 1987 MG-H11
         |    |--P. pilosus HS01
         |    |--P. puncticeps L95
         |    |--P. purpureantennatus Morgan 1987 MG-H11
         |    |--P. runyanae W01
         |    `--P. syrtensis De Saint Laurent 1971 KK03
         `--Calcinus Dana 1851 PB06
              |--C. californiensis Bouvier 1898 PB06
              |--C. chilensis (Milne Edwards 1836) [=Pagurus chilensis] PB06
              |--C. elegans (Milne Edwards 1836) TSH09
              |--C. explorator Boone 1930 PB06
              |--C. gaimardii (Milne Edwards 1848) TSH09
              |--C. gaumensis Wooster 1984 TSH09
              |--C. herbstii De Man 1887 B55
              |--C. laevimanus (Randall 1840) PB06
              |--C. latens (Randall 1840) TSH09
              |--C. lineapropodus Morgan & Forest 1991 TSH09
              |--C. mclaughlinae Poupin & Bouchard 2006 PB06
              |--C. minutus Buitendijk 1937 TSH09
              |--C. obscurus Stimpson 1859 PB06
              |--C. pulcher Forest 1958 TSH09
              |--C. seurati Forest 1951 PB06
              |--C. talismani Milne-Edwards & Bouvier 1892 PB06
              |--C. tibicen (Herbst 1791) PB06
              |--C. tubularis (Linnaeus 1767) KK03
              `--C. vachoni Forest 1958 TSH09

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B55] Bott, R. 1955. Dekapoden (Crustacea) aus El Salvador. 2. Litorale Dekapoden, außer Uca. Senckenbergiana Biologica 36: 45–70.

[DAS03] Dixon, C. J., S. T. Ahyong & F. R. Schram. 2003. A new hypothesis of decapod phylogeny. Crustaceana 76: 935–975.

[HS01] Hayward, B. W., A. B. Stephenson, M. S. Morley, W. M. Blom, H. R. Grenfell, F. J. Brook, J. L. Riley, F. Thompson & J. J. Hayward. 2001. Marine biota of Parengarenga Harbour, Northland, New Zealand. Records of the Auckland Museum 37: 45–80.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[H86] Holthuis, L. B. 1986. Decapoda. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 589–615. E. J. Brill/Dr. W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[H14] Hosie, A. M. 2014. Review of the stalked barnacle genus Koleolepas (Cirripedia: Thoracica: Koleolepadidae), with new records from Australian waters. Records of the Western Australian Museum 29 (1): 1–9.

[KK03] Kocataş, A., & T. Katağan. 2003. The decapod crustacean fauna of the Turkish seas. Zoology in the Middle East 29: 63–74.

[L95] Lemaitre, R. 1995. A review of the hermit crabs of the genus Xylopagurus A. Milne Edwards, 1880 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguridae), including descriptions of two new species. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 570: 1–27.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O'Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[ML01] McLaughlin, P. A., & R. Lemaitre. 2001. A new family for a new genus and new species of hermit crab of the superfamily Paguroidea (Decapoda: Anomura) and its phylogenetic implications. Journal of Crustacean Biology 21 (4): 1062–1076.

[PB06] Poupin, J., & J. M. Bouchard. 2006. The eastern Pacific species of the genus Calcinus Dana, 1851, with description of a new species from Clipperton Island (Decapoda, Anomura, Diogenidae). Zoosystema 28 (2): 465–486.

[TSH09] Titelius, M. A., A. Sampey & C. G. Hass. 2009. Crustaceans of Mermaid (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reefs, north Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77: 145–176.

[W01] Williams, J. D. 2001. Polydora and related genera associated with hermit crabs from the Indo-West Pacific (Polychaeta: Spionidae), with descriptions of two new species and a second polydorid egg predator of hermit crabs. Pacific Science 55 (4): 429–465.