Belongs within: Apohaglida.
Contains: Gryllinae, Nemobiinae, Eneopterinae, Oecanthinae, Gryllotalpinae, Mogoplistinae, Anaxipha, Trigonidium, Laupala.
The Grylloidea include the crickets, a mostly dorsoventrally flattened, terrestrial group of orthopterans that are usually omnivorous. Authors have differed as to whether all living grylloids should be included in a single family Gryllidae, or whether distinctive groups such as the Gryllotalpinae and Myrmecophilinae should be placed in their own families. The Myrmecophilinae, ant crickets, are a group of very small, humpbacked crickets specialised for living in ant nests (Rentz 1996). The Trigonidiinae, sword-tailed crickets, are relatively small, slender crickets found primarily in damp habitats, whose vernacular name comes from the sword-shaped ovipositor of females, used for inserting eggs into plant tissue. The Baissogryllidae and Protogryllidae are two fossil families related to modern crickets known from the Late Jurassic (Gorochov & Rasnitsyn 2002).
Characters (from Gorochov & Rasnitsyn 2002): Fore wing with fan-like pleating intercalary triangle; RA, RS and 1MA1 fused completely or at least in part.
<==Grylloidea
|--Baissogryllus [Baissogryllidae] GR02
| `--B. sibiricus GR02
|--Angarogryllus [Protogryllidae] GR02
| `--A. angaricus GR02
`--Gryllidae B04
| i. s.: Scobia FD01
| Coiblemmus FD01
| Conoblemmus FD01
| Homaloblemmus FD01
| Scapsipedus FD01
| |--S. limbatus RH15
| | |--S. l. limbatus RH15
| | `--S. l. africanus RH15
| `--S. saussurei FD01
| Velarifictorus FD01
| |--V. aspersus FD01
| |--V. horridus FD01
| `--V. sulcifrons FD01
| Petaloptila Pantel 1890 B04
| | i. s.: P. andreini B04
| `--P. (Zapetaloptila Gorochov & Llorente 2001) B04
| |--P. (Z.) baenai Barranco 2004 B04
| |--P. (Z.) bolivari (Cazurro 1888) B04
| |--P. (Z.) carabajali Barranco 2004 B04
| |--P. (Z.) llorenteae Barranco 2004 B04
| |--P. (Z.) mogon Barranco 2004 B04
| `--P. (Z.) venosa Gorochov & Llorente 2001 B04
| Liogryllus campestris B01
| Phylloscyrtus canotus R15
|--Gryllinae O94
|--Nemobiinae O94
|--Eneopterinae O94
|--Oecanthinae O94
|--Cachoplistinae R91
|--Gryllotalpinae O94
|--Mogoplistinae O94
|--Pentacentrus [Pentacentrinae] O94
| `--P. velutinus R96
|--Pteroplistinae O94
| |--Pteroplistini O94
| `--Landrevini O94
| |--Mjobergella R91
| `--Copholandrevus R91
|--Phalangopsinae [Phalangopsidae] O94
| |--Strinatia brevipenis M02
| |--Tathra R96
| |--Nesitathra philipensis R96
| |--Endotaria R96
| `--Endacusta R96
| |--E. major R96
| `--E. pindana R96
|--Myrmecophilinae [Myrmecophilidae] O94
| |--Myrmecophilellus R96
| `--Myrmecophila O94
| |--M. acervorum K09
| |--M. americana Saussure 1877 O94
| |--M. keyi [incl. M. tindalei] R96
| |--M. manni TW05
| |--M. quadrispina Perkins 1899 O94
| `--M. testaceus R96
`--Trigonidiinae O94
|--Anaxipha R96
|--Trigonidium O94
|--Parametioche R96
|--Homeoxipha lycoides R96
|--Trigonidomorpha sjostedti Chopard 1925 O94
|--Laupala O94
|--*Paratrigonidium nitidum O94
|--Falcicula hebardi O94
|--Metiochodes O94
|--Cyrtoxiphoides O94
|--Nudilla Gorochov 1988 (n. d.) O94
| `--*N. pacifica (n. d.) [=Paratrigonidium pacificum] O94
|--Amusurgus R96
| |--A. kanyakis R91
| `--A. mubboonis R96
|--Balamara R96
| |--B. albovittata R91
| `--B. gidya R96
|--Cyrtoxipha O94
| |--C. columbiana O94
| `--C. gundlachi O94
|--Metioche R96
| |--M. albovittata K70
| |--M. maoricum M83
| `--M. vittaticollis R96
`--Prolaupala Otte 1994 O94
|--*P. kaalensis Otte 1994 O94
|--P. kukui Otte 1994 O94
`--P. perkinsi Otte 1994 O94
*Type species of generic name indicated
REFERENCES
[B04] Barranco, P. 2004. Estudio del subgénero Zapetaloptila Gorochov & Llorente, 2001 y descripción de cuatro nuevas especies (Petaloptila Pantel, 1890, Orthoptera, Gryllidae). Graellsia 60 (1): 81–93.
[B01] Bolivar, I. 1901. Orthopterák [Orthoptères]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 223–243. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.
[FD01] Field, L. H., & N. A. Deans. 2001. Sexual selection and secondary sexual characters of wetas and king crickets. In: Field, L. H. (ed.) The Biology of Wetas, King Crickets and Their Allies pp. 179–204. CABI Publishing: Wallingford (UK).
[GR02] Gorochov, A. V., & A. P. Rasnitsyn. 2002. Superorder Gryllidea Laicharting, 1781 (=Orthopteroidea Handlirsch, 1903). In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., & D. L. J. Quicke (eds) History of Insects pp. 293–303. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.
[K70] Key, K. H. L. 1970. Orthoptera (grasshoppers, locusts, crickets). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 323–347. Melbourne University Press.
[K09] Köhler, G. 2009. Heuschrecken (Saltatoria) und Ohrwürmner (Dermaptera) im Immissionsgebiet des Düngemittelwerkes Steudnitz/Thüringen—eine Langzeitstudie (1978–2001). Mauritiana 20 (3): 601–646.
[M02] Machado, G. 2002. Maternal care, defensive behavior, and sociality in Neotropical Goniosoma harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones). Insectes Sociaux 49: 388–393.
[M83] Martin, N. A. 1983. Miscellaneous observations on a pasture fauna: an annotated species list. DSIR Entomology Division Report 3: 1–98.
[O94] Otte, D. 1994. The Crickets of Hawaii: origin, systematics and evolution. The Orthopterists' Society: The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
[R15] Rehn, J. A. G. 1915. A further contribution to the knowledge of the Orthoptera of Argentina. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 67 (2): 270–292.
[RH15] Rehn, J. A. G., & M. Hebard. 1915. The genus Gryllus (Orthoptera) as found in America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 67 (2): 293–322.
[R91] Rentz, D. C. F. 1991. Orthoptera (grasshoppers, locusts, katydids, crickets). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 369–393. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).
[R96] Rentz, D. 1996. Grasshopper Country: The abundant orthopteroid insects of Australia. University of New South Wales Press: Sydney.
[TW05] Terry, M. D., & M. F. Whiting. 2005. Mantophasmatodea and phylogeny of the lower neopterous insects. Cladistics 21: 240–257.
Last updated: 23 October 2017.
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