Dicranophyllales

Reconstruction of Dicranophyllum hallei, from here.

Belongs within: Coniferophyta.

The Dicranophyllales are a group of arborescent plants known from the Carboniferous and Permian, possibly related to modern coniferophytes. They are defined by the having stomata confined to sunken furrows on the abaxial side of the leaf (Rothwell & Mapes 2001).

See also: The Dicranophyllales: an early branch of the conifers?

<==Dicranophyllales
    |--Slivkovia RM01
    |    |--S. lorata RM01
    |    `--S. petschorensis RM01
    |--Entosovia RM01
    |    |--E. kungurica RM01
    |    `--E. rarisulcata RM01
    |--Mostotchkia RM01
    |    |--M. gomankovii RM01
    |    `--M. longifolia RM01
    `--Dicranophyllum RM01
         |--D. effusum RM01
         |--D. gallicum RM01
         |--D. glabrum A38
         |--D. hallei RM01
         |--D. longifolium RM01
         `--D. striatum RM01

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A38] Alcock, F. J. 1938. Geology of Saint John region, New Brunswick. Geological Survey of Canada Memoir 216: 1–65.

[RM01] Rothwell, G. W., & G. Mapes. 2001. Barthelia furcata gen. et sp. nov., with a review of Paleozoic coniferophytes and a discussion of coniferophyte systematics. International Journal of Plant Sciences 162 (3): 637–667.

Miroviaceae

Preserved leaf sections of Mirovia gothanii, from Gomez (2002).

Belongs within: Pinopsida.

The Miroviaceae is an extinct group of conifers known from the mid-Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous, with linear leaves similar in appearance to the modern umbrella pine Sciadopitys verticillata. They differ from modern conifers in having the closely placed stomata restricted to a sunken groove with a protruding margin on the abaxial side of the leaf (Gomez 2002).

<==Miroviaceae
    |--Tritaenia G02
    |--Holkopitys Bose & Manum 1990 G02
    |    `--H. hoegii G02
    |--Oswaldheeria Bose & Manum 1990 G02
    |    |--O. arctica G02
    |    |--O. hallei G02
    |    |--O. macrophylla G02
    |    `--O. scotica G02
    |--Sciadopityoides G02
    |    |--S. crameri G02
    |    |--S. greenboana G02
    |    |--S. ikorfatensis G02
    |    |--S. microphylla G02
    |    |--S. nathorstii G02
    |    |--S. ukrainensis G02
    |    |--S. uralensis G02
    |    `--S. variabilis G02
    `--Mirovia G02
         |--*M. szaferi Reymanówna 1985 G02
         |--M. capbohemanensis G02
         |--M. florinii G02
         |--M. gothanii Gomez 2002 G02
         |--M. groenlandica G02
         |--M. ineffecta G02
         |--M. lagerheimii G02
         |--M. persulcata G02
         `--M. sibirica G02

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[G02] Gomez, B. 2002. A new species of Mirovia (Coniferales, Miroviaceae) from the Lower Cretaceous of the Iberian Ranges (Spain). Cretaceous Research 23: 761–773.

Cricoconarida

Nowakia acuaria, from the Czech Geological Survey.

Belongs within: Mollusca.

The Cricoconarida, tentaculitids and related taxa, are a group of small, conical shells of uncertain affinities known from the Lower Ordovician to the Upper Devonian. Cricoconarid shells are narrow and straight, and bear transverse rings, ringlets and striae. They may be divided between the Tentaculitida, in which the embryonic part of the shell is bluntly pointed and conical, and the Dacryoconarida with a demarcated teardrop-shaped embryonic chamber (Fisher 1962).

<==Cricoconarida [Tentaculitoidea] F62
    |  i. s.: Paranowakia H79
    |           |--P. bohemica H79
    |           `--P. intermedia H79
    |         Variatellina pseudogeinitziana N79
    |--Dacryoconarida F62
    |    |--Styliolinidae [Styliolinida] F62
    |    |    |--Crassilina Lyashenko 1955 F62
    |    |    |    `--*C. timanica Lyashenko 1955 F62
    |    |    |--Metastyliolina Bouček & Prantl 1961 F62
    |    |    |    `--*M. striatissima Bouček & Prantl 1961 F62
    |    |    |--Striatostyliolina Bouček & Prantl 1961 F62
    |    |    |    `--*S. strialula (Novak 1882) [=Styliola strialula] F62
    |    |    `--Styliolina Karpinsky 1884 [incl. Styliolites Gürich 1896] F62
    |    |         |--*S. nucleata (Karpinsky 1884) [=Styliola nucleata] F62
    |    |         |--S. clavulus F62
    |    |         |--S. domaniscense F62
    |    |         |--S. fissurella YH85
    |    |         `--S. grandis F62
    |    `--Nowakiidae [Clathrati, Novakiida, Novakiidae] F62
    |         |--Guerichina Bouček & Prantl 1961 F62
    |         |    `--*G. strangulata Bouček & Prantl 1961 F62
    |         |--Variatella Lyashenko 1957 F62
    |         |    `--*V. petrovi Lyashenko 1957 F62
    |         `--Nowakia Gürich 1896 [=Novakia Tolmachov 1926 non Strobl 1893] F62
    |              |--*N. elegans (Barrande 1852) [=Tentaculites elegans] F62
    |              |--N. acuaria NJ83
    |              |--N. arcuata H79
    |              |--N. atomaria H79
    |              |--N. barrandei Boucek & Prantl 1959 WL04
    |              |--N. cancellata H79
    |              |--N. holynensis H79
    |              |--N. otomari D02
    |              |--N. praecursor H79
    |              |--N. richteri H79
    |              |--N. sulcata H79
    |              `--N. zlichovensis H79
    `--Tentaculitida [Tentaculita, Tentaculoidea] F62
         |--Homoctenidae [Annulosi] F62
         |    |--Denticulites Lyashenko 1957 F62
         |    |    `--*D. lyashenkoi (Lyashenko 1957) [=Tentaculites lyashenkoi] F62
         |    |--Polycylindrites Lyashenko 1955 F62
         |    |    `--*P. nalivkini (Lyashenko 1954) [=Tentaculites nalivkini] F62
         |    `--Homoctenus Lyashenko 1955 F62
         |         |--*H. krestovnikovi Lyashenko 1955 F62
         |         `--H. nanus F62
         |--Uniconidae [Uniconinae] F62
         |    |--Contractenus Lyashenko 1959 F62
         |    |    `--*C. markovskii Lyashenko 1959 F62
         |    |--Dicricoconus Fisher 1962 [=Heteroctenus Lyashenko 1955 non Pocock 1893] F62
         |    |    `--*D. mesodevonicus (Lyashenko 1954) [=Tentaculites mesodevonicus, *Heteroctenus mesodevonicus] F62
         |    |--Multiconus Lyashenko 1955 F62
         |    |    `--*M. schimanskii Lyashenko 1955 F62
         |    `--Uniconus Lyashenko 1955 F62
         |         |--*U. glaber (Trautschold 1881) [=Tentaculites glaber] F62
         |         `--U. livenensis F62
         `--Tentaculitidae [Tentaculidae] F62
              |--Volynites Lyashenko 1957 F62
              |    `--*V. russiensis Lyashenko 1957 F62
              `--Tentaculites Schlotheim 1820 [incl. Lonchidium Eichwald 1857, Styliola Ludwig 1864 non Gray 1847] F62
                   |--*T. scalaris Schlotheim 1820 F62
                   |--T. anglicus F62
                   |--T. arenosus F62
                   |--T. bellulus F71
                   |--T. chapmani Sherrard 1967 F71
                   |--T. elongatus F62
                   |--T. gyracanthus F62
                   |--T. lowdoni F62
                   |--T. ornatus Sowerby 1839 F62
                   `--T. reedsi F62

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[D02] Dzik, J. 2002. Emergence and collapse of the Frasnian conodont and ammonoid communities in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47: 565–650.

[F62] Fisher, D. W. 1962. Small conoidal shells of uncertain affinities. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea: Conodonts, Conoidal Shells of Uncertain Affinities, Worms, Trace Fossils and Problematica pp. W98–W143. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.

[H79] House, M. R. 1979. Devonian in the Eastern Hemisphere. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A183–A217. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[NJ83] Ni Y.-N. & Jiao S.-D. 1983. Lower Devonian graptolites from Yunnan. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 22 (3): 295–307.

[N79] Norris, A. W. 1979. Devonian in the Western Hemisphere. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A218–A253. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[WL04] Wang S.-Q. & R. F. Lundin. 2004. Sinoleperditiini (Ostracoda) from the Lower Emsian Shanglun Formation at the Shanglun village, central Guangxi, China. Journal of Paleontology 78 (2): 349–358.

[YH85] Yochelson, E. L., & W. J. Hlavin. 1985. Coleolus curvatus Kindle (“Vermes”) from the Cleveland Member of the Ohio Shale, late Devonian (Famennian) of Ohio. Journal of Paleontology 59 (5): 1298–1304.

Melongenidae

Florida crown conch Melongena corona, copyright Andrea Westmoreland.

Belongs within: Muricoidea.

The Melongenidae, crown conches, are a group of large, solid-shelled neogastropods similar in appearance to large whelks.

<==Melongenidae [Cassidulina, Cassidulinae]
    |--Echinofulgur Olsson & Harbison 1953 [Echinofulgurinae] BR05
    `--Melongeninae BR05
         |--Heligmotoma Mayer-Eymar 1896 [Heligmotomidae] BR05
         |--Volema Röding 1798 [Volemidae] BR05
         |    `--V. cornuta [=Galeodes (Volema) cornuta] H62
         |--‘Galeodes’ Röding 1798 non Olivier 1791 BR05
         |    |--G. cochlidium (Linnaeus 1758) [=Murex cochlidium] H09
         |    `--G. pricei (Smith 1887) [=Fusus pricei] H09
         `--Melongena Schumacher 1817 [incl. Cassidulus Gray 1854 nec Lamarck 1801 nec Berthold 1827] BR05
              |--M. (Rexmela) bispinosa (Philippi 1844) P89
              |--M. corona C59
              |    |--M. c. corona BC01
              |    `--M. c. johnstonei Clench & Turner 1956 BC01
              |--M. lainei (Basterot 1825) GK02
              |--M. patula ZLK11
              |--M. perponderosa Martin 1919 [=M. (Pugilina) ponderosa (Martin 1895) non Trophon ponderosum] F27
              |--M. (Pugilina) ponderosa [=Trophon ponderosum] F27
              `--M. sprucecreekensis Tucker 1994 BC01

Melongenidae incertae sedis:
  Volegalea Iredale 1938 WG71
    `--V. wardiana Iredale 1938 WG71
  Rhombopsis Gardner 1916 [=Neptunella Meek 1864 non Gray 1854] P66
    `--*R. newberryi (Meek & Hayden 1857) [=Fusus newberryi, *Neptunella newberryi] P66
  Bruclarkia P66
    `--‘Fusus’ corpulentus Conrad 1849 [=Priscofusus corpulentus] P66
  Hemifusus ZLK11
    |--H. colosseus ZLK11
    |--H. ternatanus ZLK11
    `--H. tuba ZLK11

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[BC01] Boyko, C. B., & J. R. Cordeiro. 2001. Catalog of Recent type specimens in the Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. V. Mollusca, part 2 (class Gastropoda [exclusive of Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata], with supplements to Gastropoda [Opisthobranchia], and Bivalvia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 262: 1–170.

[C59] Caldwell, D. K. 1959. Notes on the crown conch, Melongena corona. Nautilus 72 (4): 117–122.

[F27] Finlay, H. J. 1927. New specific names for austral Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 488–533.

[GK02] Gründel, J., & T. Kowalke. 2002. Palaeorissoinidae, a new family of marine and brackish water Rissooidea (Gastropoda, Littorinimorpha). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen 226 (1): 43–57.

[H62] Häntzschel, W. 1962. Trace fossils and problematica. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea: Conodonts, Conoidal Shells of Uncertain Affinities, Worms, Trace Fossils and Problematica pp. W177–W245. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[P89] Petuch, E. J. 1989. New species of Malea (Gastropoda: Tonnidae) from the Pleistocene of southern Florida. Nautilus 103 (3): 92–95.

[P66] Powell, A. W. B. 1966. The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae: an evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with lists of characteristic species. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum 5: 1–184, pls 1–23.

[WG71] Wilson, B. R., & K. Gillett. 1971. Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in Australian waters. A. H. & A. W. Reed: Sydney.

[ZLK11] Zou, S., Q. Li & L. Kong. 2011. Additional gene data and increased sampling give new insights into the phylogenetic relationships of Neogastropoda, within the caenogastropod phylogenetic framework. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61: 425–435.

Coreospiridae

Cycloholcus nummus, from Knight et al. (1960).

Belongs within: Helcionelliformes.

The Coreospiridae are a group of univalved molluscs from the Early Cambrian with a planispiral or near-planispiral shell with few coils (Parkhaev 2002).

<==Coreospiridae
    |--Oelandiella Vostokova 1962 (see below for synonymy) P02
    |--Cambrospira Yu 1979 P02
    |--Hugiagouella Chen & Zhang 1980 P02
    |--Cambroconus Yu 1981 P02
    |--Hubeispira Yu 1981 P02
    |--Chabaktiella Missarzhevsky 1981 P02
    |--Uncinaspira He 1984 P02
    |--‘Gibbaspira’ He 1984 non McLean 1971 P02
    |--Anhuiconus Zhou & Xiao 1984 P02
    |--Tichkaella Geyer 1986 P02
    |--Kutanjia Kruse 1991 P02
    |--Coreospira Saito 1936 P02
    |    `--*C. rugosa Saito 1936 KC60
    |--Latouchella Cobbold 1921 [Latouchellidae, Latouchellinae] P02
    |    `--*L. costata Cobbold 1921 F62
    `--Cycloholcus Knight 1947 KC60
         `--*C. nummus Knight 1947 KC60

Oelandiella Vostokova 1962 [incl. Archaeospira Yu 1979, Pseudoyangtzespira Bokova 1990, Yangtzespira Yu 1979; Archaeospiridae, Yangtzespiridae, Yangtzespirinae] P02

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[F62] Fisher, D. W. 1962. Small conoidal shells of uncertain affinities. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea: Conodonts, Conoidal Shells of Uncertain Affinities, Worms, Trace Fossils and Problematica pp. W98–W143. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[P02] Parkhaev, P. Yu. 2002. Phylogenesis and the system of the Cambrian univalved mollusks. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal 2002 (1): 27–39 (transl. Paleontological Journal 36 (1): 25–36).

Scenellidae

Latex mould of Pichynella annulata, from Tortello & Sabattini (2011). Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

Belongs within: Helcionelliformes.

The Scenellidae are a group of univalved molluscs known from the Early Cambrian, with a simple cap-shaped shell without a peripheral buttress (Parkhaev 2002, as Helcionellidae).

<==Scenellidae [Eomonoplacophora, Helcionellidae, Helcionellinae] BR05
    |--Bemella Missarzhevsky in Rozanov et al. 1969 [incl. Charaulachella Vassiljeva 1990] P02
    |--Ilsanella Missarzhevsky 1981 P02
    |--Tannuella Missarzhevsky in Rozanov et al. 1969 P02
    |--Igorella Missarzhevsky in Rozanov et al. 1969 P02
    |--Obtusoconus Yu 1979 P02
    |--Emarginoconus Yu 1979 P02
    |--Securiconus Jiang 1980 P02
    |--Marocella Geyer 1986 P02
    |--Igorellina Missarzhevsky 1989 P02
    |--Pararaconus Runnegar in Bengtson et al. 1990 P02
    |--Lenoconus Vassiljeva 1990 P02
    |--Asperconella Landing in Landing & Bartowski 1996 P02
    |--Pseudopatella Zhegallo in Esakova & Zhegallo 1996 P02
    |--Paucella Vassiljeva 1998 P02
    |--Helcionella Grabau & Shimer 1909 P02
    |    `--*H. subrugosa (d’Orbigny 1850) (see below for synonymy) KC60
    |--Hampilina Kobayashi 1958 [Hampilininae, Hamplininae] P02
    |    `--*H. goniospira Kobayashi 1958 KC60
    |--Scenella Billings 1872 P02 [incl. Parmophorella Matthew 1886 F62; Scenellinae]
    |    `--*S. reticulata Billings 1872 F62
    |--Randomia Matthew 1899 P02
    |    `--*R. aurorae Matthew 1899 F62
    `--Pichynella Rusconi 1954 F62
         `--*P. annulata Rusconi 1954 F62

*Helcionella subrugosa (d’Orbigny 1850) [=Helcion subrugosa, Metoptoma rugosa Hall 1847, Helcion rugosa non Sowerby 1817] KC60

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[F62] Fisher, D. W. 1962. Small conoidal shells of uncertain affinities. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea: Conodonts, Conoidal Shells of Uncertain Affinities, Worms, Trace Fossils and Problematica pp. W98–W143. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[KC60] Knight, J. B., L. R. Cox, A. M. Keen, R. L. Batten, E. L. Yochelson & R. Robertson. 1960. Gastropoda: systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I169–I331. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[P02] Parkhaev, P. Yu. 2002. Phylogenesis and the system of the Cambrian univalved mollusks. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal 2002 (1): 27–39 (transl. Paleontological Journal 36 (1): 25–36).

Amphinomida

Fireworm Chloeia sp., copyright Francesco de Marchi.

Belongs within: Aciculata.

The Amphinomida are a group of mobile polychaete worms characterised by the presence of well-developed gills behind the notopodia.

<==Amphinomida RP07
    |--Euphrosine [Euphrosinidae] RP07
    `--Amphinomidae SS07
         |  i. s.: Amphinome Bruguière 1789 H62
         |           `--*A. rostrata (Pallas 1766) [=Aphrodita rostrata] H62
         |         Meringosoma Ehlers 1869 H62
         |           `--*M. curtum Ehlers 1869 H62
         |         Paleocampa anthrax PTV14
         |--Hipponoe gaudichaudi (Audouin & Milne-Edwards 1830) RP07
         `--+--Paramphinome jeffreysii (Mcintosh 1868) SS07
            `--+--Eurythoe complanata (Pallas 1766) SS07
               |--Hermodice carunculata (Pallas 1766) RP07
               `--Chloeia SS07
                    |--C. euglochis H04
                    `--C. pinnata Moore 1911 SS07

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[H62] Howell, B. F. 1962. Worms. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea: Conodonts, Conoidal Shells of Uncertain Affinities, Worms, Trace Fossils and Problematica pp. W144–W177. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[PTV14] Parry, L., A. Tanner & J. Vinther. 2014. The origin of annelids. Palaeontology 57 (6): 1091–1103.

[RP07] Rousset, V., F. Pleijel, G. W. Rouse, C. Erséus & M. E. Siddall. 2007. A molecular phylogeny of annelids. Cladistics 23: 41–63.

[SS07] Struck, T. H., N. Schutt, T. Kusen, E. Hickman, C. Bleidorn, D. McHugh & K. M. Halanych. 2007. Annelid phylogeny and the status of Sipuncula and Echiura. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7: 57.

Leodicidae

Jaws of Siluropelta lata, from Howell (1962).

Belongs within: Annelida.

The Leodicidae are a group of long-bodied marine polychaete worms, represented in the fossil record by preserved jaw elements dating back to the Ordovician (Howell 1962).

Characters (from Howell 1962): Body long, first two segments without parapodia, later segments with one branch or one and a half branches.

<==Leodicidae H62
    |--Leodice Lamarck 1818 H62
    |--Arabellites Hinde 1879 H62
    |    `--*A. hamatus Hinde 1879 H62
    |--Diopatraites Eller 1938 H62
    |    `--*D. conformis Eller 1938 H62
    |--Eunicites Ehlers 1868 H62
    |    `--*E. avitus Ehlers 1868 H62
    |--Leodicites Eller 1940 H62
    |    `--*L. variedentatus Eller 1940 H62
    |--Marphysaites Eller 1945 H62
    |    `--*M. aptus Eller 1945 H62
    |--Oenonites Hinde 1879 H62
    |    `--*O. curvidens Hinde 1879 H62
    |--Orthopelta Eisenack 1939 H62
    |    `--*O. navis Eisenack 1939 H62
    |--Ottawella Wilson 1948 H62
    |    `--*O. sinclairi Wilson 1948 H62
    |--Palaeosigma Eisenack 1939 H62
    |    `--*P. silurica Eisenack 1939 H62
    |--Paleoenonites Eller 1942 H62
    |    `--*P. accuratus Eller 1942 H62
    |--Pernerites Žebera 1935 H62
    |    `--*P. giganteus Žebera 1935 H62
    |--Pteropelta Eisenack 1939 H62
    |    `--*P. gladiata Eisenack 1939 H62
    `--Siluropelta Eisenack 1939 H62
         `--*S. lata Eisenack 1939 H62

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[H62] Howell, B. F. 1962. Worms. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea: Conodonts, Conoidal Shells of Uncertain Affinities, Worms, Trace Fossils and Problematica pp. W144–W177. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

Sabellida

Peacock worms Sabella pavonina, copyright Sue Daly.

Belongs within: Annelida.
Contains: Spionida, Serpulidae.

The Sabellida are a group of marine annelids characterised by fusion of the peristomium to the prostomium, together with the usual presence of numerous head appendages such as feeding tentacles. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have indicated that this group includes the Pogonophora, beard worms, whose derived morphology had previously lead to them being treated as a distinct phylum from annelids. Pogonophorans lack a mouth or digestive tract, instead absorbing nutrients directly through the outer cuticle or from endosymbiotic bacteria contained in the rear part of the body.

<==Sabellida
    |--+--Oweniidae SS07
    |  |    |--Myriochele RP07
    |  |    `--Owenia SS07
    |  |         |--O. collaris Hartman 1955 SS07
    |  |         `--O. fusiformis delle Chiaje 1841 SS07
    |  `--Pogonophora SS07
    |       |--Sabelliditida G79
    |       |    |--Calyptrina Sokolov 1965 [Saarinidae] G79
    |       |    |    `--*C. partita Sokolov 1965 G79
    |       |    `--Sabelliditidae G79
    |       |         |--Sabellidites Yanichevsky 1926 H62
    |       |         |    `--*S. cambriensis Yanichevsky 1926 H62
    |       |         `--Paleolina Sokolov 1965 G79
    |       |              `--*P. evenkiana Sokolov 1965 G79
    |       `--Siboglinidae [Frenulata] SS07
    |            |--Siboglinum [Perviata] RP07
    |            |    |--S. fiordicum Webb 1963 RGV04, SS07
    |            |    `--+--S. eckmani RGV04
    |            |       `--+--Spirobrachia RGV04
    |            |          `--+--Galathealinum brachiosum RGV04
    |            |             `--Polybrachia RGV04
    |            `--+--Osedax Rouse, Goffredi & Vrijenhoek 2004 RP07, RGV04
    |               |    |--*O. rubiplumus Rouse, Goffredi & Vrijenhoek 2004 RGV04
    |               |    `--O. frankpressi Rouse, Goffredi & Vrijenhoek 2004 RP07
    |               `--+--Sclerolinum brattstromi Webb 1964 RP07
    |                  `--Vestimentifera [Obturata] RGV04
    |                       |--Lamellibrachia barhami Webb 1969 RGV04, RP07
    |                       `--+--Escarpia spicata RGV04
    |                          `--+--Riftia pachyptila Jones 1981 RGV04, SS07
    |                             `--+--Tevnia jerichonana RGV04
    |                                `--+--Ridgeia piscesae Jones 1985 RGV04, RP07
    |                                   `--Oasisia alvinae RGV04
    `--+--Spionida SS07
       |--Sabellariidae [Hermellidae] SS07
       |    |--Gunnarea capensis Schmarda 1861 RP07
       |    |--Idanthyrsus pennatus (Peters 1855) RP07
       |    `--+--Phragmatopoma RP07
       |       |    |--P. lapidosa GO78
       |       |    `--P. virginii Kinberg 1867 GO78
       |       `--Sabellaria Lamarck 1818 RP07, H62 [incl. Hermella Savigny 1822 H62]
       |            |--*S. alveolata (Linné 1767) [=Sabella alveolata] H62
       |            |--S. cementarium Moore 1906 SS07
       |            `--S. spinulosa B79
       `--+--+--Serpulidae SS07
          |  `--Laonice cirrata RP07, KBC03
          `--Sabellidae SS07
               |  i. s.: Schizobranchia insignis Bush 1905 SS07
               |         Eudistylia polimorpha SS07, KBC03
               |         Iquitosia de Greve 1938 H62
               |           `--*I. bluntschlii de Greve 1938 H62
               |         Spirographites Astre 1937 H62
               |           `--*S. ellipticus Astre 1937 H62
               |         Glomerula Nielsen 1931 PTV14, H62
               |           `--*G. gordialis (von Schlotheim 1820) [=Serpulites gordialis] H62
               |--+--Amphicorina mobilis (Rouse 1990) RP07
               |  `--Myxicola infundibulum (Renier 1804) RP07, HJ08
               |--Sabella Linné 1767 RP07, H62
               |    |--*S. penicillus Linné 1767 H62
               |    |--S. melanostigma CH97
               |    |--S. pavonina ZHT01
               |    |--S. spallanzanii (Gmelin 1791) HJ08
               |    `--S. spectabilis H04
               `--+--Amphiglena RP07
                  |    |--A. mediterranea BBB-S95
                  |    `--A. terebro Rouse 1993 RP07
                  `--Pseudopotamilla RP07
                       |--P. occelata KBC03
                       `--P. reniformis (Bruguière 1789) RP07

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BBB-S95] Boubezari, K., G. Bitar & D. Bellan-Santini. 1995. Structure et organisation de trois moulières (Mytilus galloprovincialis et Perna perna) de la région d’Alger. Mésogée 54: 63–72.

[B79] Buss, L. W. 1979. Habitat selection, directional growth and spatial refuges: why colonial animals have more hiding places. In: Larwood, G., & B. R. Rosen (eds) Biology and Systematics of Colonial Organisms pp. 459–497. Academic Press: London.

[CH97] Castro, P., & M. E. Huber. 1997. Marine Biology 2^nd ed. WCB McGraw-Hill: Boston.

[GO78] Gallardo S., C., & C. Osorio R. 1978. Hiatella solida (Sowerby, 1834) (Mollusca: Hiatellidae) on Concholepas concholepas (Bruguière, 1789) and other substrates. Veliger 20 (3): 274–278.

[G79] Glaessner, M. F. 1979. Precambrian. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A79–A118. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[H62] Howell, B. F. 1962. Worms. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea: Conodonts, Conoidal Shells of Uncertain Affinities, Worms, Trace Fossils and Problematica pp. W144–W177. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[HJ08] Huisman, J. M., D. S. Jones, F. E. Wells & T. Burton. 2008. Introduced marine biota in Western Australian waters. Records of the Western Australian Museum 25 (1): 1–44.

[KBC03] Kashin, I. A., E. V. Bagaveeva & S. F. Chaplygina. 2003. Fouling communities of hydrotechnical constructions in Nakhodka Bay (Sea of Japan). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 29: 267–283.

[PTV14] Parry, L., A. Tanner & J. Vinther. 2014. The origin of annelids. Palaeontology 57 (6): 1091–1103.

[RGV04] Rouse, G. W., S. K. Goffredi & R. C. Vrijenhoek. 2004. Osedax: bone-eating marine worms with dwarf males. Science 305: 668–671.

[RP07] Rousset, V., F. Pleijel, G. W. Rouse, C. Erséus & M. E. Siddall. 2007. A molecular phylogeny of annelids. Cladistics 23: 41–63.

[SS07] Struck, T. H., N. Schutt, T. Kusen, E. Hickman, C. Bleidorn, D. McHugh & K. M. Halanych. 2007. Annelid phylogeny and the status of Sipuncula and Echiura. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7: 57.

[ZHT01] Zrzavý, J., V. Hypša & D. F. Tietz. 2001. Myzostomida are not annelids: molecular and morphological support for a clade of animals with anterior sperm flagella. Cladistics 17: 170–198.

Cirratulida

Pherusa plumosa, from here.

Belongs within: Annelida.

The Cirratulida are a group of largely sedentary, deposit-feeding polychaete worms characterised by the possession of a single pair of peristomial palps and an eversible ventral pharynx. Members of the group include the Cirratulidae, characterised by the presence of series of simple, elongate filaments along the body.

<==Cirratulida H-S86
    |  i. s.: Parergodrilidae H-S86
    |           |--Parergodrilus heideri Reisinger 1925 RP07
    |           `--Stygocapitella Knöllner 1943 H-S86
    |                `--S. subterranea Knoellner 1943 RP07
    |--Cirratulidae SS07
    |    |  i. s.: Chaetozone setosa SS-P01
    |    |--Cirriformia RP07
    |    |    |--C. luxuriosa (Moore 1904) SS07
    |    |    |--C. semicincta P71
    |    |    `--C. tentaculata (Montagu 1808) RP07
    |    `--+--Cirratulus Lamarck 1801 RP07, H62
    |       |    |--*C. cirratus (Müller 1776) [=Aphrodite cirrata] H62
    |       |    `--C. spectabilis (Kinberg 1866) SS07
    |       `--+--Caulleriella parva Gillandt 1979 RP07
    |          `--+--Aphelochaeta marioni (de Saint Joseph 1894) RP07
    |             `--+--Ctenodrilidae H69
    |                |    |--Ctenodrilus Claparède 1863 RP07, H-S86
    |                |    |    `--C. serratus (Schmidt 1857) RP07
    |                |    |--Zeppelinia H69
    |                |    `--Raphidrilus nemasoma H69, M62
    |                `--Dodecaceria Oersted 1843 RP07, H75
    |                     |--*D. concharum Öersted 1843 H62, RP07
    |                     `--D. fistulicola H75
    `--+--Acrocirridae RP07
       |    |--Acrocirrus validus KBC03
       |    `--Macrochaeta Grube 1850 H-S86
       |         |--M. clavicornis (Sars 1835) RP07
       |         `--M. multipapillata Westheide 1981 H-S86
       `--Flabelligeridae SS07
            |  i. s.: Mazopherusa prinosi PTV14
            |--Flabelligera RP07
            |    |--F. affinis Sars 1829 RP07 (see below for synonymy)
            |    `--F. bicolor HS01
            `--+--Diplocirrus glaucus (Malmgren 1867) SS07
               `--+--Poeobius [Poeobiidae] SS07
                  |    `--P. meseres Heath 1930 SS07
                  `--+--Piromis erecta SS07
                     `--Pherusa SS07
                          |--P. affinis M02
                          |--P. eruca M62
                          `--P. plumosa (Müller 1776) SS07

Boring: Dodecaceria cretacea H75

Flabelligera affinis Sars 1829 RP07 [=Siphonostoma affinis BK77; incl. Chlorhema dujardinii Giard 1880 BK77, S. dujardini BK77]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BK77] Barel, C. D. N., & P. G. N. Kramers. 1977. A survey of the echinoderm associates of the north-east Atlantic area. Zoologische Verhandelingen 156: 1–159.

[H75] Häntzschel, W. 1975. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea Suppl. 1. Trace Fossils and Problematica 2^nd ed. The Geological Society of America: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[H-S86] Hartmann-Schröder, G. 1986. Polychaeta (incl. Archiannelida). In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 210–233. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[HS01] Hayward, B. W., A. B. Stephenson, M. S. Morley, W. M. Blom, H. R. Grenfell, F. J. Brook, J. L. Riley, F. Thompson & J. J. Hayward. 2001. Marine biota of Parengarenga Harbour, Northland, New Zealand. Records of the Auckland Museum 37: 45–80.

[H69] Hermans, C. O. 1969. The systematic position of the Archiannelida. Systematic Zoology 18 (1): 85–102.

[H62] Howell, B. F. 1962. Worms. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea: Conodonts, Conoidal Shells of Uncertain Affinities, Worms, Trace Fossils and Problematica pp. W144–W177. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[KBC03] Kashin, I. A., E. V. Bagaveeva & S. F. Chaplygina. 2003. Fouling communities of hydrotechnical constructions in Nakhodka Bay (Sea of Japan). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 29: 267–283.

[M62] Monniot, F. 1962. Recherches sur les graviers a Amphioxus de la région de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie et Milieu 13: 231–322.

[M02] Musick, J. A. 2002. Sturgeons. Family Acipenseridae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3^rd ed. pp. 83–88. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.

[PTV14] Parry, L., A. Tanner & J. Vinther. 2014. The origin of annelids. Palaeontology 57 (6): 1091–1103.

[P71] Por, F. D. 1971. One hundred years of Suez Canal—a century of Lessepsian migration: retrospect and viewpoints. Systematic Zoology 20 (2): 138–159.

[RP07] Rousset, V., F. Pleijel, G. W. Rouse, C. Erséus & M. E. Siddall. 2007. A molecular phylogeny of annelids. Cladistics 23: 41–63.

[SS-P01] Steiner, G., & L. Salvini-Plawen. 2001. Acaenoplax—polychaete or mollusc? [Letter]. Nature 414: 601–602.

[SS07] Struck, T. H., N. Schutt, T. Kusen, E. Hickman, C. Bleidorn, D. McHugh & K. M. Halanych. 2007. Annelid phylogeny and the status of Sipuncula and Echiura. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7: 57.

Spionida

Magelona sp., from here.

Belongs within: Sabellida.
Contains: PolydoraP.

The Spionida are a group of polychaete worms characterised by the presence of a pair of grooved peristomial feeding palps, associated with posteriorly-projecting nuchal organs.

<==Spionida
    |  i. s.: Uncispionidae RF98
    |--+--Longosomatidae RF98
    |  `--Magelona ZHT01 [Magelonidae RF98]
    |       |--M. mirabilis ZHT01
    |       |--M. papillicornis HS01
    |       `--M. sachalinensis KBC03
    `--+--Apistobranchus RP07 [Apistobranchidae RF98]
       |    `--A. typicus (Webster & Benedict 1887) RP07
       `--+--Trochochaeta SS07 [Trochochaetidae RF98]
          `--Spionidae RF98
               |  i. s.: Boccardiella magniovata W01
               |         Amphipolydora W01
               |         Polydorella Augener 1914 W04
               |           |--*P. prolifera Augener 1914 W04
               |           |--P. dawydoffi Radashevsky 1996 W04
               |           |--P. kamakamai Williams 2004 W04
               |           |--P. smurovi Tzetlin & Britayev 1985 W04
               |           `--P. stolonifera (Blake & Kudenov 1978) W04
               |         Pseudopolydora Czerniavksy 1881 W04
               |           |--P. novaegeorgiae (Gibbs 1971) [=Polydorella novaegeorgiae] W04
               |           `--P. paucibranchiata (Okudu 1937) HJ08
               |         Prionospio P62
               |           |--P. cirrifera KBC03
               |           |--P. pallidus (Hartman 1960) [=Spiophanes pallidus] P62
               |           `--P. tenuis (Verrill 1879) [=Spiophanes tenuis] P62
               |         Tripolydora Woodwick 1964 W01
               |           `--*T. spinosa Woodwick 1964 W01
               |         Spio K92
               |           |--S. filicornis Müller 1776 M62
               |           `--S. martinensis K92
               |         Carazziella Blake & Kudenov 1978 W01
               |           |--*C. citrona (Hartman 1941) [=Polydora citrona] W01
               |           |--C. carrascoi W01
               |           `--C. reishi (Woodwick 1964) [=Pseudopolydora reishi] W01
               |         Dipolydora Verrill 1879 W01
               |           |--*D. concharum (Verrill 1879) [=Polydora concharum] W01
               |           |--D. aciculata (Blake & Kudenov 1978) W04
               |           |--D. armata (Langerhans 1880) [=Polydora armata; incl. P. monilaris Ehlers 1905] W01
               |           |--D. blakei W01
               |           |--D. giardi W01
               |           |--D. socialis (Schmarda 1861) (see below for synonymy) W01
               |           |--D. tetrabranchia (Hartman 1945) W04
               |           `--D. tridenticulata (Woodwick 1964) [=Polydora tridenticulata] W01
               |         Boccardia Carazzi 1893 (see below for synonymy) W01
               |           |--*B. polybranchia (Haswell 1885) [=Polydora polybranchia] W01
               |           |--B. acus W01
               |           |--B. anopthalma W01
               |           |--B. berkeleyorum Blake & Woodwick 1971 W01
               |           |--B. chilensis W01
               |           |--‘*Perialla’ claparedei Kinberg 1866 W01
               |           |--B. galapagense W01
               |           |--B. lamellata W01
               |           |--B. otakouica W01
               |           |--‘Polydora’ perata Khlebovitsch 1959 [=*Neoboccardia perata] W01
               |           |--B. proboscidea Hartman 1940 HJ08
               |           |--B. syrtis (Rainer 1973) HS01, W01 [=*Paraboccardia syrtis W01]
               |           `--B. tricuspa W01
               |         Spione Örsted 1844 H62
               |           `--*S. trioculata Örsted 1844 H62
               |         Spiophanes Grube 1860 P62
               |           |--*S. kroyeri Grube 1860 (see below for synonymy) P62
               |           |--S. afer Meissner 2005 F05
               |           |--S. anoculata Hartman 1960 P62
               |           |--S. berkeleyorum Pettibone 1962 P62
               |           |--S. bombyx (Claparède 1870) [incl. S. verrilli Webster & Benedict 1884] P62
               |           |--S. longicirris Caullery 1915 P62
               |           |--S. missionensis Hartman 1941 P62
               |           |--S. soderstromi Hartman 1953 P62
               |           |--S. tcherniai Fauvel 1950 P62
               |           |--S. uschakovi Zachs 1933 P62
               |           `--S. wigleyi Pettibone 1962
               |         Lindaspio dibranchiata Blake & Maciolek 1992 W04
               |         Microspio pigmentata (Reish 1959) [=Spiophanes pigmentata] P62
               |--+--Aonides oxycephala (Sars 1872) RP07
               |  `--Poecilochaetus [Poecilochaetidae] RP07
               `--+--Malacoceros RP07
                  |--Polydora RP07
                  |--Pygospio RP07
                  |    |--P. elegans Claparède 1863 RP07
                  |    `--P. muscularis Ward 1981 W01
                  `--Scolelepis RP07
                       |--S. fuliginosa K92
                       `--S. squamata (Müller 1789) RP07

Boccardia Carazzi 1893 [incl. Neoboccardia Buzhinskaja 1985, Paraboccardia Rainer 1973, Perialla Kinberg 1866 (n. o.)] W01

Dipolydora socialis (Schmarda 1861) [=Leucodore socialis, Polydora socialis; incl. P. caeca var. magna Berkeley 1927, P. neocardalia Hartman 1961, P. socialis plena Berkeley & Berkeley 1936] W01

*Spiophanes kroyeri Grube 1860 [incl. S. cirrata Sars 1871, S. fimbriata Moore 1923, S. malayensis Caullery 1915] P62

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[F05] Fernández, J. 2005. Noticia de nuevos táxones para la ciencia en el ámbito Íbero-Balear y Macaronésico. Nuevos táxones animales descritos en la península Ibérica y Macaronesia desde 1994 (IX). Graellsia 61 (2): 261–282.

[HS01] Hayward, B. W., A. B. Stephenson, M. S. Morley, W. M. Blom, H. R. Grenfell, F. J. Brook, J. L. Riley, F. Thompson & J. J. Hayward. 2001. Marine biota of Parengarenga Harbour, Northland, New Zealand. Records of the Auckland Museum 37: 45–80.

[H62] Howell, B. F. 1962. Worms. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea: Conodonts, Conoidal Shells of Uncertain Affinities, Worms, Trace Fossils and Problematica pp. W144–W177. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[HJ08] Huisman, J. M., D. S. Jones, F. E. Wells & T. Burton. 2008. Introduced marine biota in Western Australian waters. Records of the Western Australian Museum 25 (1): 1–44.

[KBC03] Kashin, I. A., E. V. Bagaveeva & S. F. Chaplygina. 2003. Fouling communities of hydrotechnical constructions in Nakhodka Bay (Sea of Japan). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 29: 267–283.

[K92] Kozloff, E. N. 1992. The genera of the phylum Orthonectida. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 33: 377–406.

[M62] Monniot, F. 1962. Recherches sur les graviers a Amphioxus de la région de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie et Milieu 13: 231–322.

[P62] Pettibone, M. H. 1962. New species of polychaete worms (Spionidae: Spiophanes) from the east and west coast of North America. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 75: 77–88.

[RF98] Rouse, G. W., & K. Fauchald. 1998. Recent views on the status, delineation and classification of the Annelida. American Zoologist 38: 953–964.

[RP07] Rousset, V., F. Pleijel, G. W. Rouse, C. Erséus & M. E. Siddall. 2007. A molecular phylogeny of annelids. Cladistics 23: 41–63.

[SS07] Struck, T. H., N. Schutt, T. Kusen, E. Hickman, C. Bleidorn, D. McHugh & K. M. Halanych. 2007. Annelid phylogeny and the status of Sipuncula and Echiura. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7: 57.

[W01] Williams, J. D. 2001. Polydora and related genera associated with hermit crabs from the Indo-West Pacific (Polychaeta: Spionidae), with descriptions of two new species and a second polydorid egg predator of hermit crabs. Pacific Science 55 (4): 429–465.

[W04] Williams, J. D. 2004. Reproduction and morphology of Polydorella (Polychaeta: Spionidae), including the description of a new species from the Philippines. Journal of Natural History 38: 1339–1358.

[ZHT01] Zrzavý, J., V. Hypša & D. F. Tietz. 2001. Myzostomida are not annelids: molecular and morphological support for a clade of animals with anterior sperm flagella. Cladistics 17: 170–198.

Hydroides

Hydroides elegans, copyright Brian Nedved.

Belongs within: Serpulidae.

Hydroides is a genus of serpulid tubeworms characterised in most species by the presence of a two-tier operculum, composed of a proximal funnel and superimposed verticil. Funnel radii generally have simple blunt to pointed marginal teeth (occasionally more elaborate); the verticil usually consists of a number of long spines (ten Hove & Ben-Eliahu 2005).

See also: Building a home of your own.

<==Hydroides Gunnerus 1768 H62 [incl. Codonytes de Quatrefages 1866 HB-E05]
    |--*H. norvegicus Gunnerus 1768 H62, HB-E05 [=H. norvegica HB-E05; incl. Eupomatus trypanon Claparède 1870 HB-E05]
    |--H. alatalateralis (Jones 1962) HB-E05
    |--H. albiceps (Grube 1870) HB-E05
    |--H. ancorispina Pillai 1971 HB-E05
    |--H. brachyacanthus Rioja 1941 HB-E05
    |--H. chilensis Hartmann-Schröder 1962 HB-E05
    |--H. cruciger Mörch 1863 HB-E05
    |--H. dianthus (Verrill 1873) HB-E05
    |--H. dipoma (Schmarda 1861) [=Eupomatus dipoma, Codonytes dipoma] HB-E05
    |--H. diramphus (Mörch 1863) [incl. Eupomatus lunulifer Claparède 1870] HB-E05
    |--H. elegans (Haswell 1883) HB-E05
    |--‘Sabella’ euplaeana delle Chiaje 1828 [=Codonytes infundibulum] HB-E05
    |--H. exaltatus (von Marenzeller 1885) HB-E05
    |--H. ezoensis Okuda 1934 HB-E05
    |--H. fusicola Mörch 1863 HB-E05
    |--H. grubei Pillai 1965 (n. d.) HB-E05
    |--H. helmatus [incl. H. affinis Marion 1875] HB-E05
    |--H. heterocerus (Grube 1868) HB-E05
    |--H. homoceros Pixell 1913 HB-E05
    |--H. humilis (Bush 1905) HB-E05
    |--H. longispinosus Imajima 1976 [incl. H. centrospina Wu & Chen 1981] HB-E05
    |--H. malleolaspina Straughan 1967 HB-E05
    |--H. minax (Grube 1878) HB-E05
    |--H. multispinosus von Marenzeller 1885
    |--H. niger Zibrowius 1971 [=H. nigra] HB-E05
    |--H. nodosus Straughan 1967 HB-E05
    |--H. novaepommeraniae Augener 1925
    |--H. ochoterena Rioja 1941 HB-E05
    |--H. operculatus (Treadwell 1929) HB-E05
    |--H. pectinata (Philippi 1844) [=Eupomatus pectinata] HB-E05
    |--H. perezi Fauvel 1918 HB-E05
    |--H. priscus Pillai 1971 (n. d.) [=H. prisca] HB-E05
    |--H. protulicola Benedict 1887 HB-E05
    |--H. pseudouncinatus Zibrowius 1968 HB-E05
    |--H. rectus Straughan 1967 HB-E05
    |--H. recurvispina Rioja 1941 HB-E05
    |--H. sanctaecrucis Krøyer in Mörch 1863 HB-E05
    |--H. similoides Bastida Zavala & ten Hove 2003 HB-E05
    |--H. spongicola Benedict 1887 HB-E05
    |--H. stoichadon Zibrowius 1971 HB-E05
    |--H. tambalagamensis Pillai 1961 HB-E05
    `--H. trivesiculosus Straughan 1967 HB-E05

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[HB-E05] Hove, H. A. ten, & M. N. Ben-Eliahu. 2005. On the identity of Hydroides priscus Pillai 1971—taxonomic confusion due to ontogeny in some serpulid genera (Annelida: Polychaeta: Serpulidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 85 (2): 127–145.

[H62] Howell, B. F. 1962. Worms. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea: Conodonts, Conoidal Shells of Uncertain Affinities, Worms, Trace Fossils and Problematica pp. W144–W177. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

Rotularia

Rotularia bognoriensis, from here.

Belongs within: Serpulidae.

Rotularia is a genus of helically coiled tubeworms known from the Upper Cretaceous to the Eocene (Howell 1962).

Caracters (from Howell 1962): Tube helically coiled, with same diameter throught most of length, ending at apertural end in restricted tube of smaller diameter; restricted portion (and occasionally part of unrestricted tube posterior to it) extending tangentially from coiled portion; posterior end of tube usually attached to substratum; outer surface of tube smooth or concentrically wrinkled; one or two longitudinal keels occasionally present.

<==Rotularia Defrance 1827 H62 (see below for synonymy)
    |--*R. spirulaea (Lamarck 1818) [=Serpula spirulaea] H62
    |--R. australis Cox 1953 B59
    |--R. bognoriensis B59
    |--R. chathamensis Boreham 1959 B59
    |--R. concava (Sowerby 1813) B59
    |--R. damesi (Noetling 1885) B59
    |--R. discoideum B59
    |--R. fallax B59
    |--R. kitchini Bonarelli & Nagera 1921 B59
    |--R. leptostoma B59
    |--R. lituola (Leymerie 1846) B59
    `--R. ornata S98

Rotularia Defrance 1827 H62 [incl. Burtinella Morch 1861 B59, Moerchia Mayer 1860 (preoc.) B59, Tubulostium Stoliczka 1869 H62]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B59] Boreham, A. U. E. 1959. Cretaceous fossils from the Chatham Islands. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 86 (1): 119–125, pl. 111.

[H62] Howell, B. F. 1962. Worms. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea: Conodonts, Conoidal Shells of Uncertain Affinities, Worms, Trace Fossils and Problematica pp. W144–W177. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[S98] Stilwell, J. D. 1998. Late Cretaceous Mollusca from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Alcheringa 22 (1): 29–85.