Cricoconarida

Nowakia acuaria, from the Czech Geological Survey.

Belongs within: Mollusca.

The Cricoconarida, tentaculitids and related taxa, are a group of small, conical shells of uncertain affinities known from the Lower Ordovician to the Upper Devonian. Cricoconarid shells are narrow and straight, and bear transverse rings, ringlets and striae. They may be divided between the Tentaculitida, in which the embryonic part of the shell is bluntly pointed and conical, and the Dacryoconarida with a demarcated teardrop-shaped embryonic chamber (Fisher 1962).

<==Cricoconarida [Tentaculitoidea] F62
    |  i. s.: Paranowakia H79
    |           |--P. bohemica H79
    |           `--P. intermedia H79
    |         Variatellina pseudogeinitziana N79
    |--Dacryoconarida F62
    |    |--Styliolinidae [Styliolinida] F62
    |    |    |--Crassilina Lyashenko 1955 F62
    |    |    |    `--*C. timanica Lyashenko 1955 F62
    |    |    |--Metastyliolina Bouček & Prantl 1961 F62
    |    |    |    `--*M. striatissima Bouček & Prantl 1961 F62
    |    |    |--Striatostyliolina Bouček & Prantl 1961 F62
    |    |    |    `--*S. strialula (Novak 1882) [=Styliola strialula] F62
    |    |    `--Styliolina Karpinsky 1884 [incl. Styliolites Gürich 1896] F62
    |    |         |--*S. nucleata (Karpinsky 1884) [=Styliola nucleata] F62
    |    |         |--S. clavulus F62
    |    |         |--S. domaniscense F62
    |    |         |--S. fissurella YH85
    |    |         `--S. grandis F62
    |    `--Nowakiidae [Clathrati, Novakiida, Novakiidae] F62
    |         |--Guerichina Bouček & Prantl 1961 F62
    |         |    `--*G. strangulata Bouček & Prantl 1961 F62
    |         |--Variatella Lyashenko 1957 F62
    |         |    `--*V. petrovi Lyashenko 1957 F62
    |         `--Nowakia Gürich 1896 [=Novakia Tolmachov 1926 non Strobl 1893] F62
    |              |--*N. elegans (Barrande 1852) [=Tentaculites elegans] F62
    |              |--N. acuaria NJ83
    |              |--N. arcuata H79
    |              |--N. atomaria H79
    |              |--N. barrandei Boucek & Prantl 1959 WL04
    |              |--N. cancellata H79
    |              |--N. holynensis H79
    |              |--N. otomari D02
    |              |--N. praecursor H79
    |              |--N. richteri H79
    |              |--N. sulcata H79
    |              `--N. zlichovensis H79
    `--Tentaculitida [Tentaculita, Tentaculoidea] F62
         |--Homoctenidae [Annulosi] F62
         |    |--Denticulites Lyashenko 1957 F62
         |    |    `--*D. lyashenkoi (Lyashenko 1957) [=Tentaculites lyashenkoi] F62
         |    |--Polycylindrites Lyashenko 1955 F62
         |    |    `--*P. nalivkini (Lyashenko 1954) [=Tentaculites nalivkini] F62
         |    `--Homoctenus Lyashenko 1955 F62
         |         |--*H. krestovnikovi Lyashenko 1955 F62
         |         `--H. nanus F62
         |--Uniconidae [Uniconinae] F62
         |    |--Contractenus Lyashenko 1959 F62
         |    |    `--*C. markovskii Lyashenko 1959 F62
         |    |--Dicricoconus Fisher 1962 [=Heteroctenus Lyashenko 1955 non Pocock 1893] F62
         |    |    `--*D. mesodevonicus (Lyashenko 1954) [=Tentaculites mesodevonicus, *Heteroctenus mesodevonicus] F62
         |    |--Multiconus Lyashenko 1955 F62
         |    |    `--*M. schimanskii Lyashenko 1955 F62
         |    `--Uniconus Lyashenko 1955 F62
         |         |--*U. glaber (Trautschold 1881) [=Tentaculites glaber] F62
         |         `--U. livenensis F62
         `--Tentaculitidae [Tentaculidae] F62
              |--Volynites Lyashenko 1957 F62
              |    `--*V. russiensis Lyashenko 1957 F62
              `--Tentaculites Schlotheim 1820 [incl. Lonchidium Eichwald 1857, Styliola Ludwig 1864 non Gray 1847] F62
                   |--*T. scalaris Schlotheim 1820 F62
                   |--T. anglicus F62
                   |--T. arenosus F62
                   |--T. bellulus F71
                   |--T. chapmani Sherrard 1967 F71
                   |--T. elongatus F62
                   |--T. gyracanthus F62
                   |--T. lowdoni F62
                   |--T. ornatus Sowerby 1839 F62
                   `--T. reedsi F62

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[D02] Dzik, J. 2002. Emergence and collapse of the Frasnian conodont and ammonoid communities in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47: 565–650.

[F62] Fisher, D. W. 1962. Small conoidal shells of uncertain affinities. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt W. Miscellanea: Conodonts, Conoidal Shells of Uncertain Affinities, Worms, Trace Fossils and Problematica pp. W98–W143. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.

[H79] House, M. R. 1979. Devonian in the Eastern Hemisphere. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A183–A217. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[NJ83] Ni Y.-N. & Jiao S.-D. 1983. Lower Devonian graptolites from Yunnan. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 22 (3): 295–307.

[N79] Norris, A. W. 1979. Devonian in the Western Hemisphere. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A218–A253. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[WL04] Wang S.-Q. & R. F. Lundin. 2004. Sinoleperditiini (Ostracoda) from the Lower Emsian Shanglun Formation at the Shanglun village, central Guangxi, China. Journal of Paleontology 78 (2): 349–358.

[YH85] Yochelson, E. L., & W. J. Hlavin. 1985. Coleolus curvatus Kindle (“Vermes”) from the Cleveland Member of the Ohio Shale, late Devonian (Famennian) of Ohio. Journal of Paleontology 59 (5): 1298–1304.