Rotaliida

Schackoina cenomana, from Scientific Ocean Drilling.

Belongs within: Globothalamea.
Contains: Fursenkoinidae, Pleurostomellidae, Chilostomellidae, Acervulinidae, Eponididae, Amphisteginidae, Discocyclinidae, Lepidocyclinidae, Pseudorbitoididae, Cymbaloporidae, Cibicididae, Planorbulinidae, Orbitoididae, Homotrematidae, Rotaliidae, Elphidiidae, Calcarinidae, Nummulitidae, Miogypsinidae, Buliminacea, Anomalinidae, Discorbidae, Siphoninidae, Glabratellidae, Epistomariidae, Uvigerinidae, Islandiellidae, Heterohelicidae, Globigerinidae, Rotaliporidae, Hantkeninidae, Globorotaliidae, Planomalinidae, Globotruncanidae, Cassidulinidae, Osangulariidae, Loxostomidae, Involutinidae, Nonionidae, Alabaminidae.

The Rotaliida are a diverse group of Foraminifera, characterised by a test composed of radial calcite. The planktonic Globigerinida, though commonly treated as a separate group, are phylogenetically nested within the rotaliids (Pawlowski et al. 2013). Other subgroups of the Rotaliida include the Middle Triassic to Recent Discorbacea, which possess single, noncanaliculate walls and septa (Loeblich & Tappan 1964b).

Characters (from Pawlowski et al. 2013): Wall of low magnesium calcite, optically radial, bilamellar, perforate; internal canal system may be present; may be planktonic.

<==Rotaliida (see below for synonymy)
    |--Orbitoidacea LT64a
    |    |  i. s.: Acervulinidae LT64a
    |    |         Eponididae LT64a
    |    |         Amphisteginidae LT64b
    |    |         Discocyclinidae LT64a
    |    |         Lepidocyclinidae LT64a
    |    |         Pseudorbitoididae LT64b
    |    |--Cymbaloporidae C40
    |    `--+--Cibicididae PHT13
    |       `--+--Planorbulinidae C40
    |          |--Orbitoididae C40
    |          `--Homotrematidae C40
    |--Rotaliacea S-VC91
    |    |--Rotaliidae PHT13
    |    |--Elphidiidae S-VC91
    |    |--Calcarinidae LT64a
    |    |--Nummulitidae LT64a
    |    `--Miogypsinidae LT64a
    |--+--Buliminacea PHT13
    |  `--+--Anomalinidae PHT13
    |     `--+--Stainforthia Hofker 1956 PHT13, LT64b
    |        |    |--*S. concava (Höglund 1947) [=Virgulina concava] LT64b
    |        |    `--S. fusiformis PHT13
    |        `--Discorbacea LT64a
    |             |--Discorbidae PHT13
    |             |--Siphoninidae LT64a
    |             |--Glabratellidae LT64a
    |             |--Asterigerinidae LT64b
    |             |    |--Asterigerinata Bermúdez 1949 LT64b
    |             |    |    `--*A. dominicana Bermúdez 1949 LT64b
    |             |    |--Asterigerinella Bandy 1949 LT64b
    |             |    |    `--*A. gallowayi Bandy 1949 LT64b
    |             |    |--Asterigerinoides Bermúdez 1952 LT64b
    |             |    |    `--*A. guerichi (Franke 1912) [=Discorbina guerichi] LT64b
    |             |    `--Asterigerina d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 LT64b
    |             |         |--*A. carinata d’Orbigny in de la Sagra 1839 C40
    |             |         `--A. bracteata C40
    |             `--Epistomariidae LT64a
    |--+--Uvigerinidae PHT13
    |  `--+--Islandiellidae PHT13
    |     `--Globigerinida [Globigerinacea] PHT13
    |          |--Heterohelicidae LT64a
    |          |--Globigerinidae C40
    |          |--Rotaliporidae LT64a
    |          |--Hantkeninidae LT64a
    |          |--Globorotaliidae LT64a
    |          |--Planomalinidae LT64a
    |          |--Globotruncanidae LT64a
    |          `--Schackoinidae LT64a
    |               |--Leupoldina Bolli 1958 LT64a
    |               |    `--*L. protuberans Bolli 1958 LT64b
    |               `--Schackoina Thalmann 1932 C40
    |                    |--*S. cenomana (Schacko 1897) (see below for synonymy) LT64b
    |                    |--S. cabri K79
    |                    `--S. multispinata C40
    `--Cassidulinacea LT64a
         |--Cassidulinidae C40
         |--Caucasina Khalilov 1951 [incl. Aeolostreptis Loeblich & Tappan 1957; Caucasinidae, Caucasininae] LT64b
         |    |--C. schischkinskayae (Samoylova 1947) (see below for synonymy) LT64b
         |    `--C. vitrea (Cushman & Parker 1936) [=Buliminella vitrea, *Aeolostreptis vitrea] LT64b
         |--Osangulariidae LT64a
         |--Loxostomidae LT64a
         |--Involutinidae LT64a
         |--Annulopatellina Parr & Collins 1930 [=Anulopatellina (l. c.); Annulopatellinidae] LT64b
         |    `--*A. annularis (Parker & Jones 1860) [=Orbitolina annularis] LT64b
         |--Delosina Wiesner 1931 C40 [Delosinidae LT64a]
         |    |--*D. complexa (Sidebottom 1907) [=Polymorphina complexa] LT64b
         |    `--D. sutilis C40
         |--Nonionidae PHT13
         `--Alabaminidae LT64b

Rotaliida incertae sedis:
  Loxostomina S05
    |--L. costulatum S05
    `--L. limbata S05
  Fontbotia wuellerstorfi (Schwager 1866) G91, H03 [=Anomalina wuellerstorfi H03]
  Paracibicides edomica S05
  Rotorbis mirus (Cushman 1922) S05
  Rotorboides granulosus (Heron-Allen & Earland 1915) S05
  Rugobolivinella pendens S05
  Fursenkoinidae G-B87
  Pleurostomellidae G-B87
  Chilostomellacea C95
    |--Chilostomellidae C40
    |--Lublinella Gawor-Biedowa 1987 [Lublinidae] G-B87
    |    `--*L. lublinensis Gawor-Biedowa 1987 G-B87
    `--Trichohyalidae C95
         |--Trichohyalus Loeblich & Tappan 1953 LT64b
         |    |--*T. bartletti (Cushman 1933) [=Discorbis bartletti] LT64b
         |    `--T. tropicus S05
         `--Neobuccella McCulloch 1977 C95
              |--*N. elaborata McCulloch 1977 C95
              |--N. angelensis McCulloch 1977 C95
              |--N. babsae (Brenner 1962) [=Eponides babsae; incl. N. colnettensis McCulloch 1977] C95
              `--N. meridionalis (Cushman & Kellett 1929) [=Eponides meridionalis] C95

Caucasina schischkinskayae (Samoylova 1947) [=Bulimina schischkinskye; incl. *C. oligocenica Khalilov 1951] LT64b

Rotaliida [Allomorphinellinae, Basistoma, Biforaminata, Buliminida, Cellulacea, Conorbida, Dentata, Deuteroforaminata, Flexostylidia, Helicostegia, Hellenoidea, Milleporita, Nantilites, Orthostili, Perforida, Perforina, Polycyclica, Polythalamacea, Protoforaminata, Rhabdoidea, Rotalidae, Rotaliina, Telostoma, Virgulininae, Vitrea]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C95] Carreño, A. L. 1995. Taxonomic note on the variability of Neobuccella babsae in Holocene sediments of Baja California Sur, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 12 (1): 112–116.

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[G-B87] Gawor-Biedowa, E. 1987. New benthic foraminifers from the Late Cretaceous of Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 32 (1–2): 49–72.

[G91] Gooday, A. J. 1991. Xenophyophores (Protista, Rhizopoda) in box-core samples from the abyssal northeast Atlantic Ocean (BIOTRANS area): Their taxonomy, morphology, and ecology. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 21 (3): 197-212.

[H03] Hanagata, S. 2003. Miocene–Pliocene Foraminifera from the Niigata oil-fields region, northeastern Japan. Micropaleontology 49 (4): 293–340.

[K79] Kauffman, E. G. 1979. Cretaceous. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A418–A487. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[LT64a] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964a. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[LT64b] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964b. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 2. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[PHT13] Pawlowski, J., M. Holzmann & J. Tyszka. 2013. New supraordinal classification of Foraminifera: molecules meet morphology. Marine Micropalaeontology 100: 1–10.

[S-VC91] Segura-Vernis, L. R., & A. L. Carreño. 1991. Foraminíferos y ostrácodos de la Laguna de La Paz, Baja California Sur, México. Inv. Mar. CICIMAR 6 (1): 195–224.

[S05] Semeniuk, T. A. 2005. Fossil foraminiferal assemblages from Pleistocene seagrass-bank deposits of the southern Perth Basin, Western Australia, and their palaeotemperature implications. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (4): 177–190.