Spiroloculina

Spiroloculina excavata, copyright Bernard Remaud.

Belongs within: Nubeculariidae.

Spiroloculina is a genus of porcelaneous Foraminifera known from the Upper Cretaceous to the present that is planispiral throughout development (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964): Test free, commonly with flattened sides and lanceolate or fusiform outline, earliest stage may consist of single chamber completely encircling proloculus, later chambers (or all chambers in megalospheric forms) being added two to whorl on alternate sides and in single plane; wall calcareous, porcelaneous; aperture at open end of final chamber, with simple or bifid tooth.

<==Spiroloculina d’Orbigny 1826 S-VC91 (see below for synonymy)
    |--*S. depressa d’Orbigny 1826 LT64
    |--S. antillarum C40
    |--S. communis S05
    |--S. corrugata S05
    |--S. excavata M62
    |--S. nitida H04
    |--S. parvula S05
    |--S. planulata (Lamarck 1805) S-VC91
    |--S. robusta Brady 1884 [=*Flintia robusta] LT64
    |--S. rostrata M62
    |--S. tenuissima JW99
    |--S. turkomanica Brodsky 1928 G86
    `--S. venusta S05

Spiroloculina d’Orbigny 1826 S-VC91 [=Spiroculina (l. c.) LT64, Spirolocunina (l. c.) LT64; incl. Flintia Schubert 1911 LT64]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[G86] Golemansky, V. G. 1986. Rhizopoda: Foraminiferida. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 17–20. E. J. Brill/Dr. W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[JW99] Jian, Z.-M., L.-J. Wang, M. Kienast, M. Sarnthein, W. Kuhnt, H.-L. Lin & P.-X. Wang. 1999. Benthic foraminiferal paleoceanography of the South China Sea over the last 40,000 years. Marine Geology 156: 159–186.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[M62] Monniot, F. 1962. Recherches sur les graviers a Amphioxus de la région de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie et Milieu 13: 231–322.

[S-VC91] Segura-Vernis, L. R., & A. L. Carreño. 1991. Foraminíferos y ostrácodos de la Laguna de La Paz, Baja California Sur, México. Inv. Mar. CICIMAR 6 (1): 195–224.

[S05] Semeniuk, T. A. 2005. Fossil foraminiferal assemblages from Pleistocene seagrass-bank deposits of the southern Perth Basin, Western Australia, and their palaeotemperature implications. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (4): 177–190.