Calcarinidae

Calcarina defrancii, from here.

Belongs within: Rotaliida.

The Calcarinidae are a group of Foraminifera known from the Upper Cretaceous to the present, often with large spinose outgrowths on the test (Loeblich & Tappan 1964b).

See also: Star sands (Taxon of the Week: Calcarinidae).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964b): Test coiled, without differentiation into spiral and umbilical surfaces, advanced genera may become globula, large spines formed by thickenings, not marginal projections of chambers; canal system diffused, confused with perforations.

<==Calcarinidae
    |  i. s.: Schlumbergerella Hanzawa 1952 LT64b
    |           `--*S. floresiana (Schlumberger 1896) [=Baculogypsina floresiana] LT64b
    |--Calcarina d’Orbigny 1826 C40
    |    |--*C. spengleri (Gmelin 1788) [=Nautilus spengleri] LT64b
    |    |--C. clavigera H04
    |    |--C. defrancii LT64a
    |    |--C. mackayi Q72
    |    `--C. verriculata Q72
    `--+--Siderolites Lamarck 1801 C40 (see below for synonymy)
       |    `--*S. calcitrapoides Lamarck 1801 C40 (see below for synonymy)
       |--Baculogypsinoides Yabe & Hanzawa 1930 C40 [incl. Silvestriella Hanzawa 1952 LT64b]
       |    |--*B. spinosus Yabe & Hanzawa 1930 C40
       |    `--B. tetraedra (Gümbel 1870) [=Calcarina tetraedra, Siderolites tetraedra] LT64b
       `--Baculogypsina Sacco 1893 C40 [incl. Taurogypsina Sacco 1893 LT64b, Tinoporus de Montfort 1808 (n. d.) LT64b]
            |--*B. sphaerulata (Parker & Jones 1860) LT64b (see below for synonymy)
            `--‘*Taurogypsina’ taurobaculata Sacco 1893 LT64b

*Baculogypsina sphaerulata (Parker & Jones 1860) LT64b [=Orbitolina sphaerulata C40; incl. *Tinoporus baculatus de Montfort 1808 (n. d.) LT64b, LT64a, LT64b]

Siderolites Lamarck 1801 C40 [=Siderolina Defrance 1824 LT64b, Siderolithes de Montfort 1808 LT64b, Siderolithus Bronn 1838 LT64b; incl. Sideroporus Bronn 1825 LT64b]

*Siderolites calcitrapoides Lamarck 1801 C40 [=*Siderolina calcitrapoides LT64b, *Siderolithes calcitrapoides LT64b, *Siderolithus calcitrapoides LT64b; incl. *Sideroporus calcitrapa Bronn 1825 LT64b, Osteratites (l. c. for Asteriatites) siderolites WR78]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[LT64a] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964a. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[LT64b] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964b. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 2. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[Q72] Quilty, P. G. 1972. The biostratigraphy of the Tasmanian marine Tertiary. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 106: 25–44.

[WR78] Wienberg Rasmussen, H. 1978. Articulata. In: Moore, R. C., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt T. Echinodermata 2. Crinoidea vol. 3 pp. T813–T927. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).