Peneroplinae

Live Peneroplis planatus, copyright Martina Prazeres.

Belongs within: Soritidae.

The Peneroplinae are a group of porcelaneous Foraminifera known from the Upper Triassic to the present (Loeblich & Tappan 1964).

Characters (from Loeblich & Tappan 1964): Test close-coiled in early stage, later may be uncoiled or annular; chambers simple, not divided into chamberlets; aperture rounded, slitlike, or series of pores on final septal face.

Peneroplinae [Cristellarinae, Peneroplidinae, Spirolininae]
    |--Praepeneroplis Hofker 1952 [=Protopeneroplis Hofker 1950 non Weynschenk 1950] LT64
    |    `--*P. senoniensis (Hofker 1949) [=Peneroplis senoniensis, *Protopeneroplis senoniensis] LT64
    |--Renulina Lamarck 1804 [=Renulites Lamarck 1804, Renulinites (l. c.)] LT64
    |    `--*R. opercularia Lamarck 1804 [=*Renulites opercularia] LT64
    |--Triasina Majzon 1954 LT64
    |    `--*T. hantkeni Majzon 1954 LT64
    |--Vandenbroeckia Marie 1958 [=Vandenbroekia] LT64
    |    `--*V. munieri Marie 1958 LT64
    |--Monalysidium Chapman 1900 LT64
    |    |--*M. sollasi (Chapman 1900) [=Peneroplis (*Monalysidium) sollasi] LT64
    |    `--M. politum C40
    |--Dendritina d’Orbigny 1826 [incl. Meneghinia Silvestri 1889 non Fucini 1931, Neopeneroplis Didkovskiy 1958] LT64
    |    |--*D. arbuscula d’Orbigny 1826 [=Peneroplis (*Dendritina) arbusculus] LT64
    |    |--‘*Meneghinia’ nautiliformis Silvestri 1889 LT64
    |    `--‘*Neopeneroplis’ sarmaticus Didkovskiy 1958 LT64
    |--Spirolina Lamarck 1804 (see below for synonymy) LT64
    |    |--*S. cylindracea Lamarck 1804 (see below for synonymy) LT64
    |    |--S. arietinus C40
    |    `--‘*Coscinospira’ hemprichii Ehrenberg 1839 LT64
    `--Peneroplis de Montfort 1808 S-VC91 (see below for synonymy)
         |--*P. planatus (Fichtel & Moll 1798) (see below for synonymy) LT64
         |--P. armorica (d’Archiac in Tournour 1868) [=Cyclolina armorica, *Archiacina armorica] LT64
         |--‘Cristellaria’ calcar H04
         |--‘Cristellaria’ compressa H04
         |--‘Cristellaria’ echinata H04
         |--P. karreri Wiesner 1923 [=*Laevipeneroplis karreri] LT64
         |--P. pertesus (Forskal 1775) S-VC91
         |--P. proteus d’Orbigny 1839 [=*Puteolina protea, *Puteolus proteus] LT64
         `--‘Cristellaria’ siddalliana H04

Peneroplis de Montfort 1808 S-VC91 [=Cristellaria Lamarck 1816 LT64; incl. Archiacina Munier-Chalmas in Vasseur 1878 LT64, Laevipeneroplis Šulc 1936 LT64, Puteolina Hofker 1952 LT64, Puteolus Hofker 1950 non Monterosato 1888 LT64]

*Peneroplis planatus (Fichtel & Moll 1798) [=Nautilus planatus, *Cristellaria planata, C. squammula Lamarck 1822] LT64

Spirolina Lamarck 1804 [=Spiralina Brown 1844 non Hartmann 1840, Spirolinites Lamarck 1804, Spirulina Ehrenberg 1843 non Bory 1826; incl. Coscinospira Ehrenberg 1839] LT64

*Spirolina cylindracea Lamarck 1804 [=*Spiralina cylindracea, *Spirolinites cylindracea, *Spirulina cylindracea] LT64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C40] Cushman, J. A. 1940. Foraminifera: Their classification and economic use 3^rd ed. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[LT64] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1964. Sarcodina: chiefly “thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt C. Protista 2 vol. 1. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press.

[S-VC91] Segura-Vernis, L. R., & A. L. Carreño. 1991. Foraminíferos y ostrácodos de la Laguna de La Paz, Baja California Sur, México. Inv. Mar. CICIMAR 6 (1): 195–224.