Erotylinae

Pleasing fungus beetle Megalodacne heros, photographed by Stephen Cresswell.

Belongs within: Cucujoidea.

The Erotylinae are a clade of beetles associated with fungi, usually macroscopic Basidiomycetes (Leschen 2003). Many species are brightly coloured and produce distasteful defensive chemicals from pores and joints on the body (Bouchard 2014). The antennal insertions are visible from above in members of tribes Dacnini, Megalodacnini and Tritomini but concealed in Encaustini and some Erotylini. Dacnini lack the mesoventral glandular ducts found in other tribes (Leschen 2003).

Characters (from Leschen 2003): Subapical serrations of mandible absent; lacidian usually with two lacinial spines; lateral pockets present on mentum; medial carina of mentum usually present; width of apical labial palpomere greater than or equal to length, palpomere often securiform; width of ligular membrane equal to prementum; transverse gular line usually present, usually as shallow or beadlike groove; antennal insertions usually hidden in dorsal view; supraocular line usually present to level beyond eye; transverse line absent on vertex of head; two stridulatory files present or absent on vertex of head; pronotal shape variable, not constricted at base; anterior angles of pronotum well developed; anterior margin of prosternum smooth; pronotal pits absent; glandular ducts usually present in lateral carina of pronotum, unitubulate; prosternal glandular ducts present or absent; procoxal cavity internally open, externally closed by prosternum and hypomeron; edge of hypomeron smooth; mesoventral glandular ducts usually present; mesepisternal fovea absent; mesometaventral articulation usually dicondylic; width of mesoventral process usually greater than or equal to mesocoxa; submesocoxal lines present or absent; metaventral pores present or absent; metepisternal ctenidium absent; abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 connate; abdominal cuticular glandular ducts present or absent at disk and margin; abdominal calli present or absent; metafurcal lamina usually present with well developed median stalk; spermatheca rounded or elongate; apical pit of spermatheca usually absent; acessory gland of spermatheca usually present; length of tarsomere 1 usually equal to tarsomere 2; tarsomere 4 usually reduced and hidden in ventral view; tarsal shelf of tarsomere 5 present; empodium usually with two setae; elytral punctation striate without scutellary striole; elytra usually narrowly explanate; radial cell present; wedge cell absent.

<==Erotylinae
    |  i. s.: Episcaphula LB91
    |           |--E. aulacochiloides Crotch 1876 G01
    |           |--E. hercules B70
    |           |--E. interrupta G01
    |           |--E. pictipennis C91
    |           `--E. picturata Gorham 1901 G01
    |         Microsternus LB91
    |         Cnecosa LB91
    |         Pselaphacus signatus MW15
    |--Dacnini [Dacnides] L03
    |    |--Cryptodacne L03
    |    |--Hoplepiscapha Lea 1922 L03
    |    |    `--H. longicornis L03
    |    |--Pycnogeusteria Gorham 1900 G00
    |    |    `--*P. kraatzi Gorham 1900 G00
    |    |--Lophocrotaphus Gorham 1900 G00
    |    |    `--*L. guineensis Gorham 1900 G00
    |    |--Amblyopus G00
    |    |    |--A. testaceus G00
    |    |    `--A. vittatus G00
    |    |--Zythonia Westwood 1874 G00
    |    |    |--Z. anthracina Gorham 1900 G00
    |    |    `--Z. fulva G00
    |    |--Dacne L03
    |    |    |--D. aequinoctialis G01
    |    |    |--D. capensis Crotch 1876 G01
    |    |    |--D. humeralis G20 [=Engis humeralis L02, Ips (Dacne) humeralis G20]
    |    |    `--D. quadrimaculata L03
    |    `--Amblyscelis G00
    |         |--*A. kelleni G01
    |         |--A. brunneus Gorham 1900 G00
    |         |--A. conradti Gorham 1900 G00
    |         |--A. haemorrhous (Gorham 1885) [=Amblyopus haemorrhous] G00
    |         |--A. natalensis (Crotch 1876) [=Amblyopus natalensis] G01
    |         |--A. nigrinus Gorham 1900 G01
    |         `--A. pallidus Gorham 1888 G00
    `--+--Tritomini L03
       |    |--Tritoma L03
       |    |    |--T. atriventris L03
       |    |    |--T. bipustulatum L02
       |    |    `--T. russicum (Linnaeus 1758) L02, L58 [=Silpha russica L02]
       |    `--Lybanodes L03
       |         |--L. bicolor L03
       |         |--L. castaneus L03
       |         |--L. lescheni L03
       |         |--L. rostratus L03
       |         |--L. sasquatch L03
       |         |--L. similis L03
       |         `--L. stigmatus L03
       `--+--Megalodacne [Megalodacnini] L03
          |    |--M. fasciatus L03
          |    `--M. heros L03
          `--+--Encaustini [Encaustinae] L03
             |    |--Aulacocheilus chevrolatii Lucas 1846 L03, E12
             |    |--Encaustes hercules LB91
             |    `--Micrencaustes LB91
             `--Erotylini L03
                  |--Brachysphaenus L03
                  |--Coccimorphus L03
                  |--Homoeotelus L03
                  |--Thallis L03
                  |    |--T. compta LB91
                  |    |--T. janthina R54
                  |    `--T. polita L03
                  `--Erotylus Fabricius 1775 L03
                       |--E. gibbosus L02
                       |--E. giganteus G20
                       |--E. histrionicus FS90
                       `--E. onagga Lacordaire 1842 B14

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[B70] Britton, E. B. 1970. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 495–621. Melbourne University Press.

[C91] CSIRO. 1991. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 1. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l’Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[FS90] Fleutiaux, E., & A. Sallé. 1890. Liste des coléoptères de la Guadeloupe et descriptions d’espèces nouvelles. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 6^e série 9: 351–484.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[G00] Gorham, H. S. 1900. Descriptions of new genera and species of Coleoptera from South and West Africa, of the section Serricornia, and of the families Erotylidae, Endomychidae, and Languriidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 5: 71–94.

[G01] Gorham, H. S. 1901. Descriptions of genera and species of Coleoptera from South Africa (continued). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 349–365.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[LB91] Lawrence, J. F., & E. B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 543–683. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[L03] Leschen, R. A. B. 2003. Erotylidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cucujoidea): phylogeny and review. Fauna of New Zealand 47: 1–108.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[MW15] McKenna, D. D., A. L. Wild, K. Kanda, C. L. Bellamy, R. G. Beutel, M. S. Caterino, C. W. Farnum, D. C. Hawks, M. A. Ivie, M. L. Jameson, R. A. B. Leschen, A. E. Marvaldi, J. V. McHugh, A. F. Newton, J. A. Robertson, M. K. Thayer, M. F. Whiting, J. F. Lawrence, A. Ślipiński, D. R. Maddison & B. D. Farrell. 2015. The beetle tree of life reveals that Coleoptera survived end-Permian mass extinction to diversify during the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution. Systematic Entomology 40 (4): 835–880.

[R54] Riek, E. F. 1954. Australian wasps of the family Proctotrupidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea). Australian Journal of Zoology 3: 106–117.

Last updated: 9 April 2022.

Cryptophagidae

Specimen of Cryptophagus, photographed by Mike Quinn.

Belongs within: Cucujoidea.

The Cryptophagidae are small beetles that feed on mould and other fungi under bark and in leaf litter. Some cryptophagids may also be found in stored foodstuffs. The North American species Antherophagus convexulus may be found on flowers where they attach themselves to visiting bumblebees in order to be transported back to the bee's nest (Bouchard 2014). Species of Telmatophilus inhabit the flower heads of bulrushes and other water plants (Richards & Davies 1977).

Characters (from Lawrence & Britton 1991): Oblong to elongate, slightly flattened, usually red or brown in colour and clothed with erect and decumbent hairs (rarely globose and/or glabrous). Antennal insertions exposed, lateral and well separated or more or less approximate; pronotum subquadrate with distinct lateral carinae or more rounded, sometimes with paired glandular callosities at anterior angles or near middle; prosternal process moderately broad and overlapping the mesosternum; elytra with apically widened sutural flanges and incomplete epipleura; trochanters more or less elongate; ventrite 1 much longer than 2. Larvae elongate, subcylindrical to flattened, lightly sclerotised, with short and straight or sharply curved urogomphi (sometimes absent). Prostheca usually serrate, mala falcate.

<==Cryptophagidae [Cryptophaginae]
    |--Ephistemus globulus LB91, M83
    |--Micrambina rutila M83
    |--Myrecoxenus atomaroides M83
    |--Anchicera LB91
    |--Nganasania khetica RJ93
    |--Henoticus [incl. Cryptophagops Grouvelle 1919] L03
    |    `--Henoticus alluaudi [=Cryptophilus alluaudi, *Cryptophagops alluaudi] L03
    |--Antherophagus B14
    |    |--A. convexulus LeConte 1863 B14
    |    `--A. nigricornis C01
    |--Telmatophilus RD77
    |    |--T. caricis S00
    |    `--T. typhae S00
    `--Cryptophagus L03
         |--C. affinis G89
         |--C. angustatus Lucas 1846 E12
         |--C. castaneus T27
         |--C. difficilis L03
         |--C. distinguendus Sturm 1845 PN02
         |--C. gibberosus Lucas 1846 E12
         |--C. gibbipennis LB91
         |--C. labilis C01
         |--C. laticollis Lucas 1846 E12
         |--C. lycoperdi B74
         |--C. maurus Lucas 1846 E12
         |--C. puncticollis Lucas 1847 E12
         `--C. scutellatus Newman 1834 PN02

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[B74] Britton, E. B. 1974. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers. Supplement 1974 pp. 62–89. Melbourne University Press.

[C01] Csiki, E. 1901. Bogarak [Coleopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 75–120. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[E12] Evenhuis, N. L. 2012. Publication and dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l’Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas. Zootaxa 3448: 1–61.

[G89] Gestro, R. 1889. Viaggio ab Assab nel Mar Rosso dei signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso «Esploratore» dal 16 Novembre 1879 al 26 Febbraio 1880.—IV. Coleotteri. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 5–72.

[LB91] Lawrence, J. F., & E. B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 543–683. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[L03] Leschen, R. A. B. 2003. Erotylidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cucujoidea): phylogeny and review. Fauna of New Zealand 47: 1–108.

[M83] Martin, N. A. 1983. Miscellaneous observations on a pasture fauna: an annotated species list. DSIR Entomology Division Report 3: 1–98.

[PN02] Poggi, R., G. Nonveiller, A. Colla, D. Pavićević & T. Rađa. 2001–2002. Thaumastocephalini, a new tribe of Pselaphinae for Thaumastocephalus folliculipalpus n. gen., n. sp., an interesting new troglobious species from central Dalmatia (Croatia) (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giacomo Doria” 94: 1–20.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.

[S00] Siddiqi, M. R. 2000. Tylenchida: Parasites of plants and insects 2^nd ed. CABI Publishing: Wallingford (UK).

[T27] Thomson, G. M. 1927. The pollination of New Zealand flowers by birds and insects. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 106–125.

Last updated: 30 November 2020.

Lema

Three-lined potato beetle Lema trilineata, by M. Picker & C. Griffiths.

Belongs within: Phytophaga.

Lema is a genus of leaf beetles found almost worldwide. Larvae of this genus form a protective covering for themselves from their own faecal matter, discarding it when they bury themselves below ground to pupate (Jacoby 1908).

Characters (from Jacoby 1908): Head generally constricted posteriorly; antennae filiform; pronotum generally with one, sometimes with two, sulci, an anterior and a posterior one. Elytra punctate-striate. Legs elongate, femora moderately thickened, claws united at base as far as middle.

<==Lema
    |--L. beccarii J89b
    |--L. coromandeliana J89b
    |--L. femorata [incl. L. quadripunctata] J89a
    |--L. haematomelas J89b
    |--L. lacordairei J89a
    |--L. modiglianii Jacoby 1889 J89b
    |--L. postrema Bates 1866 B66
    |--L. rufotestacea J89a
    |--L. rugifrons Jacoby 1889 J89a
    |--L. semifulva Jacoby 1889 J89a
    |--L. stevensi J89a
    |--L. trilineata G22
    `--L. wallacei J89a

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B66] Bates, H. W. 1866. On a collection of Coleoptera from Formosa sent home by R. Swinhoe, Esq., H. B. M. Consul, Formosa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 339-355.

[G22] Girault, A. A. 1922. The North American species of Emersonella and Entedon with excuses, etc. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 161-163).

[J89a] Jacoby, M. 1889a. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. XVII. – List of the phytophagous Coleoptera obtained by Signor L. Fea at Burmah and Tenasserim, with descriptions of the new species. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2a 7: 147-237.

[J89b] Jacoby, M. 1889b. List of the phytophagous Coleoptera collected by Signor Modigliani at Nias and Sumatra, with descriptions of the new species. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2a 7: 278-287.

Jacoby, M. 1908. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera. Chrysomelidae. Vol. 1. Taylor & Francis: London.

Colaspoides

Type of Colaspoides igneicollis, from here.

Belongs within: Phytophaga.

Colaspoides is a widely distributed genus of leaf beetles, most species of which are metallic in coloration. They are generally ovate and convex in shape, and the tibiae are not emarginate (Jacoby 1908).

Characters (from Jacoby 1908): Somewhat short and oblong in shape, rather convex. Head deeply inserted; eyes rather large, oblong, more or less sinuate within; antennae filiform or subfiliform, generally long and slender, terminal segments very slightly thickened, second segment half the length of first, third to sixth segments elongate. Pronotum transverse, nearly as wide at base as elytra, narrowed anteriorly, lateral margins more or less rounded. Elytra ovate or oblong, more or less regularly punctured, punctures sometimes in rows. Legs variable; femora slightly thickened, sometimes with a tooth beneath; first tarsal segment rather elongate, but as a rule shorter than following two united; claws appendiculate. Prosternum rather large, of variable shape, generally longer than broad, posterior margin truncate; anterior margin of thoracic episternum convex.

<==Colaspoides
    |--C. apicicornis J89b
    |--C. feae Jacoby 1889 J89a
    |--C. fulvicornis [=Colasposoma fulvicorne] J89a
    |--C. igneicollis Jacoby 1889 J89a
    |--C. insignis J89b
    |--C. laevicollis Jacoby 1889 J89a
    |--C. laportei J89a
    |--C. lefevrei Jacoby 1889 J89b
    |--C. nigritarsis J89b
    |--C. pallidula Jacoby 1889 J89a
    |--C. rafflesi J89a
    |--C. speciosa J89a
    `--C. viridimarginatus J89b

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[J89a] Jacoby, M. 1889a. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. XVII. – List of the phytophagous Coleoptera obtained by Signor L. Fea at Burmah and Tenasserim, with descriptions of the new species. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2a 7: 147-237.

[J89b] Jacoby, M. 1889b. List of the phytophagous Coleoptera collected by Signor Modigliani at Nias and Sumatra, with descriptions of the new species. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2a 7: 278-287.

Jacoby, M. 1908. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera. Chrysomelidae. Vol. 1. Taylor & Francis: London.

Nodostoma

Type specimen of Nodostoma subcostatum, from here.

Belongs within: Phytophaga.

Nodostoma is a genus of leaf beetles found in eastern and southern Asia, distinguished by their transverse, anteriorly strongly narrowed pronotum with more or less distinctly angulated sides (Jacoby 1908).

Characters (from Jacoby 1908): Body ovate or oblong; antennae filiform, apical joints sometimes slightly thickened. Pronotum generally transverse, narrowed in front, rarely subcylindrical, more or less angulate at sides near base, with narrow sulcus near anterior margin. Elytra generally wider at base than thorax, more or less deeply depressed below base, punctate-striate, sometimes metallic, generally flavous or fulvous. Prosternum broad, subquadrate, base truncate. Legs rather long; femora incrassate, frequently with small tooth; intermediate and posterior tibiae emarginate at apex, claws appendiculate.

<==Nodostoma
    |--N. aeneipenne J89a
    |--N. aeneomicans J89a
    |--N. biplagiatum Jacoby 1889 J89a
    |--N. frontale J89a
    |--N. gratum J89b
    |--N. nigrofasciatum Jacoby 1889 J89a
    |--N. pallidulum J89a
    |--N. plagiosum J89a
    |--N. rufum J89b
    |--N. subcostatum Jacoby 1889 J89a
    `--N. trivittatum J89a

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[J89a] Jacoby, M. 1889a. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. XVII. – List of the phytophagous Coleoptera obtained by Signor L. Fea at Burmah and Tenasserim, with descriptions of the new species. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2a 7: 147-237.

[J89b] Jacoby, M. 1889b. List of the phytophagous Coleoptera collected by Signor Modigliani at Nias and Sumatra, with descriptions of the new species. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2a 7: 278-287.

Jacoby, M. 1908. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera. Chrysomelidae. Vol. 1. Taylor & Francis: London.

Orthalicoidea

Specimens of Orthalicus zebra, copyright Naturalis Biodiversity Center.

Belongs within: Heterobranchia.
Contains: Placostylinae, Bothriembryon, Bulimulinae.

The Orthalicoidea are a group of relatively high-spired land snails characterised by the possession of genitalia lacking accessory structures and with an extremely long phallus complex. Most families of orthalicoids are found in the Americas (particularly the Neotropics) but members of the family Bothriembryontidae are found in Australasia (as well as in southern South America). The latter family is also represented in southern Africa by a single genus, Prestonella. The fossil genus Vidaliella is known from the Palaeogene of Europe.

Within the Neotropical fauna, the Odontostomidae differ from other families in possessing dents or lamellae narrowing the aperture. The protoconch is smooth in Amphibulima and Orthalicidae but sculptured in other families. Orthalicidae are characterised by a conical penis bearing an appendix; in other families the penis is cylindrical and simple. Amphibulima is distinctive in possessing an heterurethrous rather than sigmurethrous reproductive system. The Megaspiridae are characterised by turreted shells with numerous short whorls. The Bulimulidae have a long penis, usually with a sheath, and the spermathecal stalk lacks a blind process.

<==Orthalicoidea [Orthalicea, Orthalicoidei] BR05
    |--Amphibulima Lamarck 1805 BR05 [Amphibulimidae BR17, Amphibuliminae]
    |    `--*A. cucullata Lamarck 1805 BR17
    |--Simpulopsis Beck 1837 BR05 [Simpulopsidae BR17, Simpulopsini]
    |    `--*S. sulculosa (Férussac 1821) [=Helix sulculosa] BR17
    |--Grangerella Cockerell 1915 [Grangerellidae] BR05
    |    |--*G. megastoma Cockerell 1915 BR17
    |    `--G. macleodensis (Russell 1929) TTE93
    |--Vidaliella Wenz 1940 BR05 [Vidaliellidae BR17, Vidaliellinae]
    |    |--*V. gerundensis (Vidal 1883) [=Bulimus gerundensis] BR17
    |    `--V. darderi TTE93
    |--Bothriembryontidae BR17
    |    |--Placostylinae BR17
    |    |--Bothriembryon BR17
    |    `--Prestonella Connolly 1929 BR05 [Prestonellidae, Prestonellinae BR17]
    |         `--*P. bowkeri (Sowerby 1890) [=Bulimus bowkeri] BR17
    |--Megaspiridae BR17
    |    |--Callionepion Pilsbry & Vanatta 1899 S88
    |    |--Ptychicula TTE93
    |    `--Megaspira Lea 1838 BR05
    |         `--*M. ruschenbergiana Lea 1836 BR17
    |--Odontostomidae [Odontostominae, Odontostomini] BR17
    |    |--Tomogeres Montfort 1810 [Tomogeridae] BR05
    |    |    `--*T. ringens (Linnaeus 1758) BR17 [=Helix ringens BR17, Lucerna ringens BR05]
    |    |--Hyperaulax Pilsbry 1897 TTE93, AP90
    |    |    `--H. americanus (Heilprin 1887) TTE93
    |    `--Odontostomus Beck 1837 BR05
    |         |--*O. odontostoma (Sowerby 1824) [=Bulimus odontostoma] BR17
    |         `--O. gargantulus [=Bulimus gargantulus] BR17
    |--Bulimulidae [Bulimulacea, Bulimuloidea] BR17
    |    |  i. s.: ‘Pyrgus’ Albers 1850 non Hübner 1819 BR05
    |    |         Quiros Solem 1959 S88
    |    |         Gaeotis C97
    |    |         Pellicula C97
    |    |         Anctus angiostomus (Wagner 1927) S11
    |    |--Bulimulinae BR05
    |    |--Bostryx Troschel 1847 [Bostrycinae] BR17
    |    |    `--*B. solutus (Troschel 1847) [=Bulimus solutus] BR17
    |    `--Peltella Gray 1855 BR05 [Peltellina, Peltellinae BR17]
    |         `--*P. palliolum (Férussac 1821) [=Parmacellus palliolum] BR17
    `--Orthalicidae [Goniognatha, Orthalicinae] BR05
         |--Pseudostrombus BR05
         |--Naesiotus Albers 1850 BP90
         |--Palaeobulimulus eocenicus Parodiz 1949 TTE93
         |--Liguus Montfort 1810 [Liguidae] BR05
         |    |--*L. virgineus (Linnaeus 1767) [=Bulla virginea] BR17
         |    |--L. fasciatus BP90
         |    `--L. vittatus F12
         |--Drymaeus Albers 1850 BP90
         |    |--D. dormani BP90
         |    |--D. montagnei [=Otostomus (Drymaeus) montagnei] A66
         |    |--D. multilineatus BP90
         |    `--D. musivus [=Otostomus (Drymaeus) musivus] A66
         |--Rabdotus Albers 1850 BP90
         |    |--R. alternatus (Say 1830) BP90, PM88
         |    |--R. dealbatus BP90
         |    |--R. laevapex C90
         |    `--R. schiedeanus C90
         `--Orthalicus Beck 1837 BR05
              |  i. s.: O. bensoni A66
              |         O. floridensis BP90
              |         O. gallinasultana A66
              |         O. longus [=Bulimus longus] C64
              |         O. princeps (Broderip 1833) J68 [=Bulimus princeps C64]
              |         O. ziegleri (Pfeiffer 1856) [=Bulimus ziegleri] C64
              |--*O. (Orthalicus) zebra (Müller 1774) BR17 (see below for synonymy)
              |--O. (Corona) regina A66
              `--O. (Porphyrobaphe) A66
                   |--O. (P.) labeo A66
                   `--O. (P.) yatesi A66

*Orthalicus (Orthalicus) zebra (Müller 1774) BR17 [=Buccinum zebra BR17, Ampulla zebra BR17, Bulimus zebra G40, Bulla zebra G40, Helix zebra G40; incl. Orthalicus livens C64, Zebra muelleri C64, Bulimus undatus Valenciennes 1833 C64, Orthalicus undatus G79, Bulimus undulatus G40, Bulimus zigzag G40]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A66] Adams, H. 1866. List of land and freshwater shells collected by Mr. E. Bartlett on the Upper Amazons, and on the River Ucayali, eastern Peru, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 440–445.

[AP90] Auffenberg, K., & R. W. Portell. 1990. A new fossil land snail (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Polygyridae) from the Middle Miocene of northern Florida. Nautilus 103 (4): 143–148.

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.

[BP90] Burch, J. B., & T. A. Pearce. 1990. Terrestrial Gastropoda. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 201–309. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[C90] Crawford, C. S. 1990. Scorpiones, Solifugae, and associated desert taxa. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 421–475. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[C97] Cuezzo, M. G. 1997. Cryptostrakon corcovadensis, a new species of semislug from Costa Rica (Helicoidea: Xanthonychidae) with comments on the systematic position of the genus. American Malacological Bulletin 14 (1): 1–8.

[F12] Frýda, J. 2012. Phylogeny of Palaeozoic gastropods inferred from their ontogeny. In: Talent, J. A. (ed.) Earth and Life: Global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time pp. 395–435. Springer.

[G79] Gibbons, J. S. 1879. Notes on the habits and distribution, &c., of certain W. Indian Pulmonifera. Journal of Conchology 2: 129–134.

[G40] Gray, J. E. 1840. A Manual of the Land and Fresh-water Shells of the British Islands, with figures of each of the kinds. By William Turton, M.D. A new edition, thoroughly revised and much enlarged. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans: London.

[J68] Jacobson, M. K. 1968. On a collection of terrestrial mollusks from Nicaragua. Nautilus 81 (4): 114–119.

[PM88] Polaco, O. J., & W. Mendl. 1988. Occurrence of mites in Mexican land snails. Nautilus 102 (3): 129.

[S11] Simone, L. R. L. 2011. Phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda (Mollusca), based on comparative morphology. Arquivos de Zoologia 42 (4): 161–323.

[S88] Solem, A. 1988. Non-camaenid land snails of the Kimberley and Northern Territory, Australia. I. Systematics, affinities and ranges. Invertebrate Taxonomy 4: 455–604.

[TTE93] Tracey, S., J. A. Todd & D. H. Erwin. 1993. Mollusca: Gastropoda. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 131–167. Chapman & Hall: London.

Last updated: 21 August 2021.

Cymatura

Cymatura bizonata, from here.

Belongs within: Cerambycidae.

Cymatura is a genus of longicorn beetles found in sub-Saharan Africa.

Characters (from Lacordaire 1872): "Mandibules robustes. Tète sillonnée du vertex au bas du front, excavée entre les yeux, très-fortement concave entre ses tubercules antennifères; ceux-ci saillants, échancrés au bout, distants à leur base; front transversale; joues médiocres. Antennes mates, non ciliées au dessous, assez robustes, un peu plus courtes que le corps, à articles 1 subcylindrique, tronqué en dessous à sa base, 3 un peu plus long que lui et que 4, 5-11 plus courts, décroissant à peine, 5-10 subanguleux à leur sommet interne. Lobes inférieurs des yeux transversaux, subobliques. Prothorax cylindrique, aussi long que large, transversalement sillonnée à sa base et assez loin de son bord antérieur, muni de deux petits tubercules arrondis sur le disque et de deux latéraux cylindriques, un peu en dessous de son milieu. Ecusson arrondi en arrière. Elytres allongées, subdéprimées sur le disque, parallèles, tronquées en arrière; leurs épaules arrondies. Pattes médiocres, robustes; cuisses linéaires, les postéricures plus courtes que les deux 1ers segments abdominaux. 5e segment de l'abdomen en triangle curviligne transversal, villeux en sinué au bout. Saillies mésosternale et prosternale très-étroites; celle-ci élargie et à peine fléchie en arrière. Corps allongé, revétu d'une épaisse pubescence sublanugineuse."
Translated with the help of Google Translate (all errors my own):
Mandibles robust. Head furrowed at base of vertex, excavated between eyes, very strongly concave between antennal tubercles; antennal tubercles notched at tips, widely separated, frontally transverse; cheeks small. Antennae dull, non-ciliated, quite robust, slightly shorter than body; first segment subcylindrical, truncated basally, third segment slightly longer than first and fourth, segments 5-11 shorter, decreasing distally, 5-10 distally subangular. Lower lobes of eyes transverse, sub-oblique. Prothorax cylindrical, as long as wide, transversely furrowed at base and some distance from anterior edge, with two small rounded tubercles on disc and two lateral cylindrical tubercles a little past midline. Scutellum rounded posteriorly. Elytra elongate, slightly depressed medially, parallel-sided, terminally truncate. Shoulders rounded. Legs short, robust, femora straight, hind legs shorter than first two abdominal segments. Fifth segment of the abdomen in transverse curvilinear triangle, with long hairs on sinuous posterior margin. Prosternal and mesosternal projections very narrow, expanded and slightly reflexed posteriorly. Body elongate, covered with thick woolly pubescence.

<==Cymatura Gerstaecker 1855 F54
    |--C. bifasciata Gerstaecker 1855 F54
    |    |--C. b. bifasciata F54
    |    `--C. b. reducta Breuning 1950 F54
    |--C. bizonata Quedenfeldt 1881 F54
    |--C. brittoni Franz 1954 F54
    |--C. fasciata Guérin 1849 F54
    |--C. itzingeri Breuning 1935 F54
    |--C. manowi Franz 1954 F54
    |--C. mechowi Quedenfeldt 1881 F54
    |--C. mucorea Fairmaire 1887 F54
    |--C. nigra Franz 1954 F54
    |--C. nyassica F54
    `--C. spumans Guérin 1847 F54
         |--C. s. spumans F54
         `--C. s. albomaculata Breuning 1950 R54

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[F54] Franz, E. 1954. Die Xylorhizini des Senckenberg-Museum (Ins. Col. Ceramb.) Senckenbergiana Biologica 35: 91-98.

Lacordaire, M. T. 1872. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Genera des Coléoptères ou exposé méthodique et critique de tous les genres proposés jusquici dans cet ordre d'insectes vol. 9. Librairie encyclopédique de Roret: Paris.

Cerambycidae

Distenia undata, copyright Robert Webster.

Belongs within: Chrysomeloidea.
Contains: Stenoderinae, Hypselominae, Cirrhicera, Cerambycinae, Parandrinae, Prioninae, Lamiinae, Spondylidinae, Lepturinae, Necydalinae.

The Cerambycidae include the longicorn beetles, distinguished (as their name suggests) by the notably long antennae of many species which may be longer than the remainder of the insect. Larvae of longicorns are generally internal feeders on plants. Eggs are typically laid under bark or into cracks in wood. Some species are significant pests as borers into wood. Adult longicorns may feed on flowers, foliage or wood (Lawrence or Britton 1991).

Most cerambycids, with the exceptions of the subfamilies Parandrinae and Prioninae, lack a distinct lateral margin on the pronotum. Tarsi are five-segmented but, except in Parandrinae and Spondylidinae, appear four-segmented due to the fourth segment being reduced and concealed beneath pads on the third. The Disteniidae are slender longicorns that are distinctive enough to have sometimes been treated as a separate family. Adults differ from other cerambycids in their chisel-shaped mandibles and clypeus which sits obliquely to the frons. Antennae usually bear long, recumbent setae lying in grooves on the posterior face. Larvae, where known, have retracted ventral mouthparts with the gula and hypostoma absent and the skin of the prothorax attached directly to the submentum.

Characters (from Lawrence & Britton 1991): Elongate, subcylindrical to somewhat flattened beetles, usually pubescent; antennae almost always more than two-thirds body length and inserted on prominences, so that they can be directed backwards over the body. Eyes usually emarginate, often deeply so; lateral pronotal carinae usually absent, often with lateral tubercles or spines on prothorax; mesonotum usually with stridulatory file; tibial spurs present on all legs; tarsal claws simple. Larvae elongate, subcylindrical to slightly flattened, lightly sclerotised and subglabrous or clothed with fine setae or patches of spinules. Head retracted into prothorax and excavated posteriorly, forming recess housing retractor muscle; antennae short; mandibles large and stout; prothorax usually more or less enlarged; legs small and widely separated, may be vestigial or absent; first six or seven abdominal segments may bear fleshy ampullae; urogomphi, if present, minute.

<==Cerambycidae [Cerambicini, Cerambycoidea, Lamiidae, Lepturidae, Longicornia, Prionidae]
    |--+--+--Cerambycinae LL20
    |  |  `--+--Parandrinae LL20
    |  |     `--Prioninae LL20
    |  `--+--Lamiinae LL20
    |     `--Disteniidae [Disteniinae] MW15
    |          |--Cometes hirticornis Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville 1828 B14
    |          |--Noemia P66b
    |          |    |--N. chalybeata Pascoe 1866 P66b
    |          |    `--N. flavicornis P66b
    |          `--Distenia Lepeletier & Audinet-Serville in Latreille 1828 TT02
    |               |--D. spinipennis MW15
    |               `--D. undata (Fabricius 1775) TT02
    `--+--+--Spondylidinae LL20
       |  `--Lepturinae LL20
       `--Necydalinae LL20

Cerambycidae incertae sedis:
  Ochrocydus huttoni FS01
  Hybolasius vegetus Broun 1881 E02
  Xylotoloides trigonellaris E02
  Ptinosoma E02
  Calliprason pallidum (Pascoe 1875) E02
  Somatidia helmsi WH02, H15
  Oemona hirta (Fabricius 1775) H82
  Psilocnaeia WFS04
    |--P. nana WFS04
    `--P. parvula WFS04
  Xyloteles WFS04
    |--X. griseus WFS04
    `--X. humeratus WFS04
  Zorion minutum T27
  Neocalliprason Brookes 1927 B27
    `--*N. elegans Brookes 1927 B27
  Pseudocalliprason B27
  Cerambycomima GE05
  Tithoes G89
    |--T. arabicus Thoms. 1877 G89
    `--T. capensis G89
  Obriaccum G89
    |--O. elegans G89
    `--O. manzonii Gestro 1889 G89
  Dichostates G89
    |--D. strigifrons Fairm. 1885 G89
    |--D. subocellatus G89
    `--D. vagepictus G89
  Ceratites jaspideus Serv. 1835 G89
  Spintheriini SW03
  Glaucytes [Glaucytini] SW03
    `--G. interrupta SW03
  Gastrosarus B88
  Poecilipe medialis B88
  Allosterna tabacicolor C01
  Neodorcadion C01
    |--N. flaschneri Pic 1890 P90a
    |--N. involvens C01
    |--N. orygi C01
    |--N. potanini C01
    `--N. zichyi Csiki 1901 C01
  Aderpas P66a
  Anamera P66a
  Liopus C01
    |--L. femoratus C01
    `--L. ganglbaueri Csiki 1901 C01
  Pogonochaerus fasciculatus C01
  Haplocnemia myops C01
  Erioderus P66b
  Paraglenea Bates 1866 B66
    |--*P. fortunei [=Glenea fortunei] B66
    `--P. swinhoei Bates 1866 B66
  Adesmus druryi I92
  Atossa [Onocephalinae] P66a
    |--*A. strenua P66a
    `--A. atomaria Pascoe 1866 P66a
  Astathes Newman 1842 [incl. Tetraophthalmus Blanchard 1845; Astatheinae] P66a
    |--A. cyanoptera Gahan 2000 G00b
    |--A. episcopalis G00b
    |--A. nigricornis P66a
    |--A. perplexa P66a
    |--A. splendida [=Cerambyx splendidus] P66a
    |--A. terminata P66a
    `--A. violaceipennis G00b
  Noserius [Cerasphorinae] P66b
    `--N. tibialis P66b
  Stenoderinae P66b
  Aegosoma [Aegosominae] P66b
    |--A. hainanensis Gahan 1900 G00b
    |--A. marginale [=Cerambyx marginalis] P66b
    |--A. ornaticolle G00b
    |--A. scabricorne P66b
    `--A. sinicum G00b
  Dorcadioninae P66a
    |--Obages Pascoe 1866 P66a
    |    `--*O. palparis Pascoe 1866 P66a
    `--Dorcadion C01
         |--D. carinatum C01
         |--D. elegans C01
         |--D. equestre C01
         |--D. ribbei [incl. D. ribbei var. rubrofemoratum] C01
         |--D. scabricolle C01
         `--D. sericatum [incl. D. sericatum var. micans] C01
  Hypselominae P66a
  Parmena rugosula [=Lamia rugosula] B35
  Colobothea picta [=Stenochorus pictus; incl. Saperda chalybea, Colobothea formosa] B35
  Adorium B35
    |--A. australe Dejean in Boisduval 1835 B35
    |--A. basale B35
    |--A. bipunctatum L02 [=Galeruca (Adorium) bipunctata G20]
    |--A. bowringi Baly 1863 Fai89a
    |--A. chrysomeloides Bates 1866 B66
    |--A. laticlavum Fairmaire 1889 Fai89a
    |--A. melanocephalum d’Urville in Boisduval 1835 B35
    `--A. posticum Dej. in Boisduval 1835 B35
  Promechus Dejean in Boisduval 1835 B35
    |--P. aeneus Dejean in Boisduval 1835 B35
    `--P. splendidus Dejean in Boisduval 1835 B35
  Pacothea hilaris H38
  Osphranteria coerulescens Redtenbacher 1850 HAB05
  Mysteria W01
  Pathocerus Waterhouse 1901 W01
    `--*P. wagneri Waterhouse 1901 W01
  Neacanthocinus obsoletus S96
  Tylocerina nodosus S96
  Graphisurus S96
  Mecynippus pubicornis LW91
  Aenictosoma P92
  Dorcadionoides P92
  Nothorrhina P92
  Palaeoasemum P92
  Parmenops P92
  Pogonocherus P92
  Pentomacrus P92
  Eugamandus P92
  Stenaspides G00a
    |--Euryphagus maxillosus G00a, P66b [=Cerambyx maxillosus P66b; incl. C. nigripes P66b]
    |--Philagathes G00a
    `--Dicelosternus Gahan 1900 G00a
         `--*D. corallinus Gahan 1900 G00a
  Eurybatus G00b
    |--E. decempunctatus G00b
    `--E. laeta G00b
  Melanauster G00b
    |--M. chinensis G00b
    |--M. horsfieldii [=Cyriocrates horsfieldii] Fai89a
    |--M. imitator G00b
    |--M. laevigator Fai89a
    |--M. macrospilus Gahan 1900 G00b
    |--M. pirouletii Fairmaire 1889 Fai89a
    `--M. similis Gahan 1900 G00b
  Zotale G00b
    |--Z. lineatus [=Mycerinopsis lineatus] G00b
    `--Z. unicolor G00b
  Prionocalus W00
    |--P. atys W00
    |--P. buckleyi W00
    |--P. cacicus W00
    |--P. guentheri W00
    |--P. iphis W00
    |--P. simonsi Waterhouse 1900 W00
    |--P. uniformis Waterhouse 1900 W00
    `--P. whitei Waterhouse 1900 W00
  Cirrhicera C72a
  Estoloides galapagoensis PP72
  Araxia sulcata C72b
  Leptostylus Lec. 1852 FS90
    |--L. bidentatus Fab. 1775 [incl. L. assimilis, L. punctatus, L. similis] FS90
    |--L. gibbulosus C72b
    |--L. gundlachi C72b
    |--L. inermis Fab. 1801 FS90
    |--L. praemorsus Fab. 1792 [incl. L. testaceus Frölich 1802] FS90
    |--L. spermovoratus Chemsak 1972 C72b
    `--L. terraecolor C72b
  Lepturges Bates 1863 FS90
    |--L. guadeloupensis Fleutiaux & Sallé 1890 FS90
    |--L. spermophagus C72b
    `--L. xantho FS90
  Lophopoeum timbouvae [incl. Baryssinus leguminicola] C72b
  Hemadius Fairmaire 1889 Fai89a
    `--*H. oenochrous Fairmaire 1889 Fai89a
  Hephialtes Thoms. 1864 FS90
    `--H. sulcatus Ol. 1795 [incl. H. castaneum, H. laevigatus, H. tricostatus] FS90
  Neocorus Thoms. 1864 FS90
    `--N. romanowskii Fleutiaux & Sallé 1890 FS90
  Philematium Thoms. 1864 FS90
    `--P. festivum Fab. 1775 [incl. P. festum, P. nobile] FS90
  Nanilla Fleutiaux & Sallé 1890 FS90
    `--*N. delauneyi Fleutiaux & Sallé 1890 FS90
  Taeniotes Serv. 1835 FS90
    |--T. farinosus Linné 1758 [incl. T. maculosus] FS90
    `--T. insularis Thoms. 1857 [incl. T. fici] FS90
  Adetus Lec. 1852 FS90
    |--A. lherminieri Dup. in Fleutiaux & Sallé 1890 FS90
    `--A. muticus FS90
  Ischiocentra [incl. Trestonia Buq. 1859 non Rafinesque 1815] FS90
    |--‘Trestonia’ fulgurata Buq. 1859 FS90
    `--‘Trestonia’ signifera Buq. 1859 FS90
  Hypomia Thoms. 1868 FS90
    |--H. grisea Fleutiaux & Sallé 1890 FS90
    `--H. simplex FS90
  Cacostola Fairm. 1859 FS90
    |--C. ornata Fleutiaux & Sallé 1890 FS90
    `--C. rugicollis FS90
  Oreodera Serv. 1835 FS90
    `--O. glauca Linné 1758 [incl. O. spengleri, O. tuberculata] FS90
  Amphionycha Lesél. 1844 FS90
    |--A. fraudatrix FS90
    `--A. nigriventris Chv. in Fleutiaux & Sallé 1890 FS90
  Drycothaea Thoms. 1868 FS90
    `--D. guadeloupensis Fleutiaux & Sallé 1890 FS90
  Mantitheus Fairmaire 1889 Fai89b
    `--*M. pekinensis Fairmaire 1889 Fai89b
  Vadonia bitliensis Chevrolat 1882 P90b (see below for synonymy)
  Ertlia Aurivillius 1907 BP02
  Leiopus O02
  Ecyrus dasycerus O02
  Tilliclytus geminatus O02

Vadonia bitliensis Chevrolat 1882 P90b [=Leptura bitlisensis Fau89; incl. V. bitliensis var. bistigmata Pic 1890 P90b, L. cribricollis Pic 1890 P90b, V. bitliensis var. instigmata Pic 1890 P90b]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B66] Bates, H. W. 1866. On a collection of Coleoptera from Formosa sent home by R. Swinhoe, Esq., H. B. M. Consul, Formosa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 339–355.

[B35] Boisduval, J. B. 1835. Voyage de Découvertes de l’Astrolabe. Exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826–1827–1828–1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville. Faune entomologique de l'océan Pacifique, avec l'illustration des insectes nouveaux recueillis pendant le voyage vol. 2. Coléoptères et autres ordres. J. Tastu: Paris.

[BP02] Bologna, M. A., & J. D. Pinto. 2002. The Old World genera of Meloidae (Coleoptera): a key and synopsis. Journal of Natural History 36 (17): 2013–2102.

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature's gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).

[B27] Brookes, A. E. 1927. A new genus and three new species of Coleoptera. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 563–566.

[C72a] Chemsak, J. A. 1972a. Review of the genus Cirrhicera Thomson (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 48 (2): 86–93.

[C72b] Chemsak, J. A. 1972b. A new seed inhabiting cerambycid from Costa Rica (Coleoptera). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 48 (2): 150–152.

[C01] Csiki, E. 1901. Bogarak [Coleopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 75–120. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[E02] Emberson, R. M. 2002. The beetle (Coleoptera) fauna of the Chatham Islands: Additions and corrections. New Zealand Entomologist 25: 69–77.

[Fai89a] Fairmaire, L. 1889a. Coléoptères de l'intérieur de la Chine. 5^e partie. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 6^e série 9: 5–84.

[Fai89b] Fairmaire, L. 1889b. Un nouveau genre de longicorne. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 6^e série 9: lxxxix–xc.

[Fau89] Fauvel, A. 1889. Leptura cribricollis. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 6^e série 9: lxxxix.

[FS01] Field, L. H., & G. R. Sandlant. 2001. The gallery-related ecology of New Zealand tree wetas, Hemideina femorata and Hemideina crassidens (Orthoptera, Anostostomatidae). In: Field, L. H. (ed.) The Biology of Wetas, King Crickets and Their Allies pp. 243–257. CABI Publishing: Wallingford (UK).

[FS90] Fleutiaux, E., & A. Sallé. 1890. Liste des coléoptères de la Guadeloupe et descriptions d’espèces nouvelles. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 6^e série 9: 351–484.

[G00a] Gahan, C. J. 1900a. Description of a new genus and species of longicorn Coleoptera from central Formosa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 5: 308–309.

[G00b] Gahan, C. J. 1900b. On some longicorn Coleoptera from the island of Hainan. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 5: 347–354.

[G89] Gestro, R. 1889. Viaggio ab Assab nel Mar Rosso dei signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso “Esploratore” dal 16 Novembre 1879 al 26 Febbraio 1880.—IV. Coleotteri. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2^a, 7: 5–72.

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.

[H15] Hedley, C. 1915. Presidential address. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 49 (1): 1–77, pls 1–7.

[H38] Heinrich, C. 1938. An important mulberry insect. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 40 (8): 249–250.

[H82] Helmore, D. W. 1982. Drawings of New Zealand insects. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of New Zealand 8: 1–52.

[HAB05] Hesami, S., M. A. Akrami & H. Baur. 2005. Leucospis dorsigera Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Leucospidae) as a hyperparasitoid of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) through Xoridinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in Iran. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 14 (1): 66–68.

[I92] Imes, R. 1992. The Practical Entomologist. Aurum Press: London.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[LL20] Lee, S., & S. Lee. 2020. Multigene phylogeny uncovers oviposition-related evolutionary history of Cerambycinae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 145: 106707.

[LW91] Lindquist, E. E., & K. W. Wu. 1991. Review of mites of the genus Mucroseius (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) associated with sawyer beetles (Cerambycidae: Monochamus and Mecynippus) and pine wood nematodes [Aphelenchoididae: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle], with descriptions of six new species from Japan and North America, and notes on their previous misidentification. Canadian Entomologist 123: 875–927.

[MW15] McKenna, D. D., A. L. Wild, K. Kanda, C. L. Bellamy, R. G. Beutel, M. S. Caterino, C. W. Farnum, D. C. Hawks, M. A. Ivie, M. L. Jameson, R. A. B. Leschen, A. E. Marvaldi, J. V. McHugh, A. F. Newton, J. A. Robertson, M. K. Thayer, M. F. Whiting, J. F. Lawrence, A. Ślipiński, D. R. Maddison & B. D. Farrell. 2015. The beetle tree of life reveals that Coleoptera survived end-Permian mass extinction to diversify during the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution. Systematic Entomology 40 (4): 835–880.

[O02] Opitz, W. 2002. Cleridae Latreille 1804. In: Arnett, R. H., Jr, M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley & J. H. Frank (eds) American Beetles vol. 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea pp. 267–280. CRC Press.

[PP72] Parkin, P., D. T. Parkin, A. W. Ewing & H. A. Ford. 1972. A report on the arthropods collected by the Edinburgh University Galapagos Islands expedition, 1968. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 48 (2): 100–107.

[P66a] Pascoe, F. P. 1866a. Catalogue of longicorn Coleoptera collected in the island of Penang by James Lamb, Esq. Part I. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 222–267.

[P66b] Pascoe, F. P. 1866b. Catalogue of longicorn Coleoptera collected in the island of Penang by James Lamb, Esq. Part II. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 504–536.

[P90a] Pic, M. 1890a. Une nouvelle espèce de longicorne du genre Neodorcadion Gangl. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 6^e série 9: clxxv.

[P90b] Pic, M. 1890b. Une espèce de longicorne peu connue (Vadonia bitliensis Chevr.) Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 6^e série 9: clxxv–clxxvi.

[P92] Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford University Press: Stanford.

[S96] Smith, D. R. 1996. Aulacidae (Hymenoptera) in the mid-Atlantic states, with a key to species of eastern North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98 (2): 274–291.

[SW03] Song, D., & Q. Wang. 2003. Systematics of the longicorn beetle genus Coptomma Newman (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae). Invertebrate Systematics 17: 429–447.

[T27] Thomson, G. M. 1927. The pollination of New Zealand flowers by birds and insects. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 106–125.

[TT02] Turnbow, R. H., Jr & M. C. Thomas. 2002. Cerambycidae Leach 1815. In: Arnett, R. H., Jr, M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley & J. H. Frank (eds) American Beetles vol. 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea pp. 568–601. CRC Press.

[W00] Waterhouse, C. O. 1900. New species of the coleopterous genus Prionocalus from Ecuador and Peru. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 5: 503–506.

[W01] Waterhouse, C. 1901. Two new genera of Coleoptera belonging to the Cupesidae and Prionidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7: 520–523.

[WFS04] Winks, C. J., S. V. Fowler & L. A. Smith. 2004. Invertebrate fauna of boneseed, Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera (L.) T. Norl. (Asteraceae: Calenduleae), an invasive weed in New Zealand. New Zealand Entomologist 27: 61–72.

[WH02] Worthy, T. H., & R. N. Holdaway. 2002. The Lost World of the Moa: Prehistoric life of New Zealand. Indiana University Press: Bloomington (Indiana).

Last updated: 10 June 2022.

Prionidae

Megopis procera, from here.

Belongs within: Phytophaga.

The Prionidae are a group of large longicorn beetles. They usually have lateral carinae on the pronotum, usually bearing teeth or spines, and their fore coxae are strongly transverse with broadly exposed trochantins (Lawrence & Britton 1991, as Prioninae).

See also: There's something on your back (Taxon of the Week: Prioninae).

<==Prionidae
    |  i. s.: Erioderus P66
    |         Tragosoma P66
    |--Macrotominae P66
    |    |--Remphan hopei P66
    |    `--Macrotoma P66
    |--Aegosominae P66
    |    |--Aegosoma P66
    |    |    |--A. marginale [=Cerambyx marginalis] P66
    |    |    `--A. scabricorne P66
    |    `--Megopis P66
    |         |--*M. mutica P66
    |         |--M. costipennis P66
    |         `--M. procera Pascoe 1866 P66
    `--Prioninae M59
         |--Prionoplus reticularis White 1846 M59, H82
         `--Prionus coriarius E61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[E61] Edwards, J. S. 1961. Observations on the biology of the immature stages of Prionoplus reticularis White (Col. Ceramb.). Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 88 (4): 727-731.

[H82] Helmore, D. W. 1982. Drawings of New Zealand insects. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of New Zealand 8: 1-52.

Lawrence, J. F., & E. B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera. In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers, 2nd ed., vol. 2, pp. 543-683. Melbourned University Press.

[M59] Morgan, F. D. 1959. The ecology and external morphology of Stolotermes ruficeps Brauer (Isoptera: Hodotermitidae). Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 86 (1): 155-195.

[P66] Pascoe, F. P. 1866. Catalogue of longicorn Coleoptera collected in the island of Penang by James Lamb, Esq. Part II. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 504-536.

Glenea

Glenea anticepunctata, from here.

Belongs within: Lamiidae.

Glenea is a genus of longicorn beetles found in Eurasia and Africa.

Characters (from Thomson 1860): "Corpus parallelum, elongatum, apud ♀ minus angustatum. Caput paulum elongatum et retractum; frons inter oculos longitudinaliter canaliculata. Antennae distantes, haud longitudine corporis apud ♂, breviores apud ♀, paulum obsolete articulatae, 11-articulatae, art. 1º vix elongato, sat robusto, 3º sequente multum longior, caeteris gradatum decrescentibus. Palpi robusti. Prothorax elongatus, parallelus, lateraliter inermis. Scutellum subtriangulare, elongatum. Elytra elongata, parallela, prothorace basi latiora, humeris productis, subacutis, deinde gradatim decrescentibus, lateraliter subito decliva, apice vel oblique bitruncata, et 4-spinosa, vel lunata, rarissime rotundata. Pedes mediocres, postici paulum elongati; acetabula antica integra, extus angulata; femora haud clavata; tarsi breves, robusti, intermediorum art. 1º anteriorum ipso articulo longiore, et posteriorum ipso articulo breviore; unguiculi integri."
Translated with the help of Google Translate (all errors my own):
Body parallel-sided, elongate, female less narrow. Head somewhate elongate and retracted; frons with longitudinal grooves between eyes. Antennae wide apart, no longer than body in male, shorter in female, segments somewhat obsolete, 11-segmented, first segment hardly elongate, moderately robust, third segment much longer than following, the rest gradually decreasing. Palps robust. Prothorax elongate, parallel-sided, laterally unarmed. Scutellum subtriangular, elongate. Elytra elongate, parallel-sided, wider at base than prothorax, shoulders produced, subacute, gradually narrowing posteriad, laterally sharply downcurved, apex obliquely bitruncate and 4-spined, or crescent-shaped, very rarely rounded. Legs moderate, hind legs slightly more elongate; coxae entire, outwardly angular; femora not clavate; tarsus short, stout, first segment of middle tarsus longer than that of front tarsus, shorter than that of hind tarsus; claw entire.

Glenea [incl. Sphenura Castelnau 1840 non Lichtenstein 1822] P66
    |--G. algebraica [=Stibara algebraica] P66
    |--G. alysson Pascoe 1866 P66
    |--G. anthyllis Pascoe 1866 P66
    |--G. anticepunctata [=Stibara anticepunctata] P66
    |--G. arouensis P66
    |--G. blandina P66
    |--G. cunila Pascoe 1866 P66
    |--G. delia P66
    |--G. elegans (Olivier 1795) [=Saperda elegans; incl. Stenocorus pictus Fabricius 1801] P66
    |--G. extensa P66
    |--G. fricator P66
    |--G. fulvomaculata P66
    |--G. funerula [=Stibara funerula] P66
    |--G. grisea P66
    |--G. illuminata [=Stibara illuminata] P66
    |--G. jubaea Pascoe 1866 P66
    |--G. manto Pascoe 1866 P66
    |--G. mathematica P66
    |--G. neanthes Pascoe 1866 P66
    |--G. oeme Pascoe 1866 P66
    |--G. oudetera [=Stibara oudetera] P66
    |--G. porphyrio Pascoe 1866 P66
    |--G. rufina P66
    |--G. sulphurella P66
    `--G. vesta Pascoe 1866 [=G. pulchella (preoc.)] P66

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[P66] Pascoe, F. P. 1866. Catalogue of longicorn Coleoptera collected in the island of Penang by James Lamb, Esq. Part I. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 222-267.

Thomson, M. J. 1860. Essai d'une classification de la famille des Cérambycides et matériaux pour servir a une monographie de cette famille. Chez l'auteur et au Bureau du Trésorier de la Société entomologique de France: Paris.

Cryptocephalus (Burlinius)

Cryptocephalus (Burlinius) fulvus, photographed by Josef Dvořák.

Belongs within: Cryptocephalini.

The subgenus Burlinius of chrysomelid beetles is found widely in the Palaearctic. Burlinius species are generally polyphagous.

Characters (from Erber & Schöller 2006): Comparatively small species (1.9-4.5 mm) of Cryptocephalus, females somewhat larger than males, body shape cylindrical, colour predominantly creamy yellow. Basal segment of antennae long, laterally depressed; second segment small, only about twice as long as wide; following segments elongated and dilated from segment six onwards. Elytra with nine rows of punctures including a marginal row and scutellar row which is shortened and with punctures close. Part of rows near apex fused; punctation of apex sparse and confused. Humerus quite evident. Tarsi, especially fore tarsi, exhibiting sexual dimorphism: segments one and three more or less dilated in male. Claws divergent and simple, base of each slightly extended ventrally. Male: Aedeagus bearing distal dorsal process (appendix dorsalis) covering dorsal opening (orificium) and two symmetrical ventral processes. Weakly sclerotised area present at base of ventral processes, bearing short setae. Endophallus comprising dorsal guiding sclerite, bearing on dorsal side a fine tube which is elevated at its end, containing a thin filum. Tube elevated from guiding sclerite posteriorly, ending in round or slipper-shaped element. Anchoring sclerite present opposite guiding sclerite, resembling a mammal jaw, anterior ending prolonged into one or two tips, posterior ending into two wing-shaped apodemes corresponding with almost wing-shaped apodemes of guiding sclerite. Female: Spermatheca consisting of hook-formed vasculum and thread-like ductus. Part of ductus near vasculum spiralised, near vagina straight. Kotpresse consisting of two dorsal and one ventral sclerite. Dorsal sclerites bent as well anteriorly as in ventral direction; ventrally bent part following lateral fold of intestine; sclerites ending dorsally in sclerotised zone directed toward dorsal fold of intestine. Ventral sclerite a crosswise band ending in two apodemes which are wider than rectum. Sclerotised area near centre of ventral sclerite.

<==Cryptocephalus (Burlinius Lopatin 1965) ES06
    |--C. (B.) biondii Sassi & Regalin 1998 ES06
    |--C. (B.) connexus Olivier 1807 ES06
    |--C. (B.) crenatus Wollaston 1864 (see below for synonymy) ES06
    |--C. (B.) equiseti ES06
    |--C. (B.) fulvus (Goeze 1777) ES06
    |--C. (B.) jocularis ES06
    |--C. (B.) macellus Suffrian 1860 ES06
    |--C. (B.) nitidicollis Wollaston 1864 [incl. C. validicornis Lindberg 1963] ES06
    |--C. (B.) nubigena Franz 1982 [incl. C. nitidicollis var. gounellei Pic 1922, C. palmensis Franz 1982] ES06
    |--C. (B.) pulchellus ES06
    |--C. (B.) puncticollis Wollaston 1864 ES06
    |--C. (B.) ragusanus ES06
    `--C. (B.) trapezicollis Lindberg 1953 ES06

Cryptocephalus (Burlinius) crenatus Wollaston 1864 [incl. C. crenatus var. brunneobinotatus Pic 1938, C. crenatus var. madeirensis Pic 1938] ES06

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[ES06] Erber, D., & M. Schöller. 2006. Revision of the Cryptocephalus-species of the Canary Islands and Madeira (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 86 (1): 85-107.

Curculionidae

Lily weevil Brachycerus ornatus, copyright Bernard Dupont.

Belongs within: Coleoptera.
Contains: Gonipterinae, Cleoninae, Alcidides, Anchonus, Platypodinae, Dryophthorinae, Erirhininae, Entiminae, Scolytinae, Ceutorhynchinae, Lixinae, Curculioninae, Cossoninae, Cionus, Cryptorhynchinae, Molytinae, Conoderinae, Hylesininae, Mesoptillinae, Tychiini.

The Curculionidae are the largest family of weevils, distinguished by geniculate (elbowed) antennae with an elongate scape. Members of the family typically possess an elongate rostrum though this is relatively short in some subfamilies such as the Entiminae and absent in others such as Scolytinae. Most curculionids are phytophagous with the larvae feeding internally in plant tissues (Lawrence & Britton 1991). A smaller proportion of species are saprophagous, feeding on dead plant matter, particularly wood. Many curculionids are economically significant, particularly as pests of crops, and have become widely distributed outside their native ranges. Some species have been deliberately introduced outside their places of origin to control plant pests.

Perhaps not surprisingly for such a large group, the division of the Curculionidae between subfamilies has varied significantly between authors. A basal grade of taxa, including the subfamilies Erirhininae, Platypodinae, Dryophthorinae and Brachycerus, retains features of the male genitalia in common with other non-curculionid weevils, such as separation of the pedon and tectum within the aedeagus. As such, they have been excluded from the Curculionidae sensu stricto by some authors. Brachycerus species are often large and colourful weevils found in Africa and Eurasia, some of which are serious pests of Allium crops (Bouchard 2014).

The Curculionidae sensu stricto have the dorsum of the aedeagus fused with the sides and venter to form a cylinder or flattened cylinder (Zimmerman 1993). Gillett et al. (2014) identified four potential main lineages within this clade. A clade of species with relatively short and broad rostra, consequently referred to as the broad-nosed weevils and mostly assigned to the subfamily Entiminae, represents the possible sister group of the remaining Curculionidae sensu stricto. Relationships within the remaining curculionine clade are poorly supported and a number of previously recognised subfamilies may not be monophyletic. Many members of the clade have relatively long and slender rostra. However, reduced rostra characterise subgroups such as the Scolytinae and Cossoninae. The Scolytinae have long been recognised as a distinct assemblage, often as a distinct family from the Curculionidae, but phylogenetic analyses suggest the Scolytinae as traditionally recognised may not be monophyletic (e.g. Mugu et al. 2018). As such, a large section of the 'scolytines' are here separated as the Hylesininae. The Coptonotinae are a small group of tropical weevils with a reduced rostrum, very similar in overall habitus to the Scolytinae and Platypodinae (Wood 1986). The Mecopelmini are small pale species, less than two millimetres in length, with relatively stout fore legs whereas the Coptonotinae are larger and darker with relatively slender fore legs. The Camptorhinini are a long-rostrate group with a short groove in the front of the thorax for reception of the rostrum that does not extend past the prosternum (Morimoto 1978).

Characters (from Lawrence & Britton 1991): Usually moderately to strongly convex, robust, heavily sclerotised, often clothed with scales or bristles. Head more or less produced in front of eyes to form rostrum, which is usually much longer than broad; antennae geniculate with long scape and more or less compact club; labrum absent; maxillae reduced with short rigid palps; gular sutures fused; penultimate tarsal segment usually minute and concealed at base of lobed third segment. Larvae more or less C-shaped, very lightly sclerotised, with minute antennae and robust mandibles.

<==Curculionidae (see below for synonymy) L20
    |--+--Platypodinae MPJ18
    |  `--Dryophthorinae MPJ18
    `--+--+--Erirhininae MPJ18
       |  `--Brachycerus [Brachycerinae] GC-P14
       |       |--B. algirus L02
       |       |--B. monachus M94
       |       |--B. muricatus B14
       |       |--B. ornatus (Drury 1773) B14
       |       |--B. scutellaris Chevrolat 1846 E12
       |       |--B. semituberculatus Chevrolat 1846 E12
       |       `--B. tetanicus Chevrolat 1847 E12
       `--+--Entiminae MPJ18
          `--+--Scolytinae MPJ18
             `--+--+--Ceutorhynchinae MPJ18
                |  `--+--Lixinae MPJ18
                |     `--Curculioninae MPJ18
                `--+--+--Cossoninae MPJ18
                   |  |--+--Cionus GC-P14
                   |  |  `--Cryptorhynchinae MPJ18
                   |  `--+--Molytinae MPJ18
                   |     `--Acalyptus [Acalyptini] GC-P14
                   `--+--Conoderinae MPJ18
                      |--Hylesininae MPJ18
                      `--+--Mesoptillinae GC-P14
                         `--+--+--Tychiini GC-P14
                            |  `--Camptorhinini [Camptorhinides] GC-P14
                            |       |--Pachyonyx affaber M78
                            |       `--Camptorrhinus Schoenherr 1826 M78, M94
                            |            |--C. albizziae M94
                            |            |--C. dorsalis Boisd. 1835 Mas86
                            |            `--C. erectisquamis (Marsh 1928) HF03
                            `--Coptonotinae MPJ18
                                 |--Mecopelmus Blackman 1944 [Mecopelmini] MPJ18
                                 |    `--M. zeteki Blackman 1944 MPJ18
                                 `--Coptonotini GC-P14
                                      |--Protohylastes annosus W86
                                      |--Protoplatypus vetulus W86
                                      |--Schedlarius mexicanus W86
                                      `--Coptonotus Chapuis 1873 MPJ18
                                           `--C. cyclopus MPJ18

Curculionidae incertae sedis:
  Crisius E02
    |--C. longulus WH02
    |--C. ornatus WH02
    |--C. posticalis WH02
    `--C. ventralis (Broun 1885) E02
  Camptoscapus planiusculus (Broun 1880) E02
  Microtribus huttoni E02
  Hydramphus tuberculatus WH02
  Ectopsis ferrugalis WH02
  Megacolabus garviensis WH02
  Tychanus verrucosus WH02
  Tychanopais WH02
    |--T. fougeri WH02
    `--T. tuberosus ED04
  Didymus impexus WH02
  Clypeolus cineraceus WH02
  Echinopeplus insolitus WH02
  Epitimetes WH02
    |--E. cuprealis WH02
    |--E. grisealis WH02
    `--E. lutosus WH02
  Sargon suturalis WH02
  Sympedius WH02
  Stephanocleonus fossulatus Z02
  Dermothrius brevipennis ED04
  Rachidiscodes ED04
  Germainiellus MC94
  Sericotrogus subaenescens WFS04
  Acanthothorax Gaede 1832 BG06
  Tigones caudata T27
  Hoplocneme hookeri T27
  Empaeotes censorius T27
  Bothynoderes G89
    |--B. albidus R13
    `--B. brevirostris G89
  Xanthochelus postumus Faust 1883 G89
  Amblyrhinus G89
  Corigetus G89
  Alcidodes MHG04
    |--A. bubo (Fabricius 1801) [=Rhynchaenus bubo] M94
    `--A. leeuweni MHG04
  Odoiporus longicollis MHG04
  Oodemas O94
  Rhyncogonus O94
  Phytonomus AN-A04
    |--P. lilliputanus Lucas 1847 E12
    |--P. plantaginis A71
    `--P. variabilis AN-A04
  Calacalles (Crateracalles Stüben 2004) F05
    |--C. (*C.) droueti (Crotch 1867) [=Acalles droueti] F05
    `--C. (C.) azoricus Stüben 2004 F05
  Kyklioacalles F05
    |--K. almadensis Stüben 2004 F05
    |--K. almadophilus Stüben 2004 F05
    `--K. anthyllis Stüben 2004 F05
  Onyxacalles maginaensis Stüben 2004 F05
  Rhynchodes G84
  Homalinotus Schoenherr 1826 WL09, C92 [=Homalonotus Agassiz 1846 nec Koenig 1825 nec Agassiz 1846 C92]
    |--H. coriaceus WL09
    `--H. lherminieri Chv. 1878 FS90
  Mylacus rotundatus C01
  Ptochus deportatus C01
  Brachysomus echinatus C01
  Strophosomus obesus C01
  Psalidium maxillosum C01
  Alophus C01
    |--A. quadriguttatus C01
    |--A. rudis [incl. A. rudis var. gibbulosus] C01
    `--A. triguttatus C01
  Grypidius equiseti C01
  Amalus haemorrhous C01
  Ceuthorrhynchidius C01
    |--C. barnevillei C01
    |--C. floralis C01
    |--C. melanarius C01
    `--C. nigrinus C01
  Miccotrogus picirostris C01
  Cnemargus Schönherr 1837 CW92a
  Merodontus Jekel 1854 CW92b
  Neocnemis Crotch 1867 CW92c
  Rhynchaenus Clairville 1798 M94 [Rhynchaeninae LB91]
    |--R. populi L02
    `--R. saltator M94
  Gonipterinae LB91
  Cleoninae LB91
  Alcidides Mas86
  Eremnides Mas86
    |--Platytrachelus chloris Pascoe 1870 Mas86
    |--Oops pistor Germ. 1848 Mas86
    `--Pephricus Mas86
         |--P. echymis Pascoe 1870 Mas86
         `--P. rattulus Pascoe 1882 Mas86
  Hipporrhinus [Hipporhinides, Hipporhininae] Mas86
    |--H. bulbifer B35
    |--H. duponti Boisduval 1835 B35
    `--H. heeri B14
  Rhyparosomides Mas86
    |--Zephryne sordida Pascoe 1870 Mas86
    `--Dysostines Mas86
         |--D. cellaris Pascoe 1873 Mas86
         |--D. fuligineus Pascoe 1870 Mas86
         |--D. hoplostethus Pascoe 1870 Mas86
         |--D. pilipes Pascoe 1870 Mas86
         |--D. pustulosus Pascoe 1870 Mas86
         `--D. valgus Pascoe 1870 Mas86
  Cylindrorhinides Mas86
    |--Pantopoeus cervinus Mas86
    |--Peripagis rufipes Pascoe 1870 Mas86
    |--Lycosura bispinosa Pascoe 1875 Mas86
    |--Decienus sphasodes Pascoe 1873 Mas86
    `--Ocynoma Mas86
         |--O. antennata Pascoe 1873 Mas86
         `--O. cordipennis Pascoe 1873 Mas86
  Tanyrhynchides Mas86
    |--Synatonyx ovatus Wollast. 1853 Mas86
    `--Xynaea saginata Pascoe 1865 Mas86
  Bronchus Z93
  Dinomorphus [Dinomorphinae] Z93
  Brotheinae Z93
  Byrsopinae Z93
  Stenocerus garnotii B35
  Lagostomus australis B35
  Elytrurus B35
    |--E. cinctus Dupont in Boisduval 1835 B35
    `--E. lapeyrousei Boisduval 1835 B35
  Brachyrhinus Latreille 1802 L02 [Brachyrhininae H02]
    |--B. incanus (Linnaeus 1758) G20, L58 [=Curculio incanus G20]
    |--B. ligustici (Linnaeus 1758) L02, L58 [=Curculio ligustici L02]
    |--B. lineatus (Linnaeus 1758) L02, L58 [=Curculio lineatus L02]
    |--B. niger [=Curculio niger] L02
    `--B. pyri (Linnaeus 1758) L02, L58 [=Curculio pyri L02]
  Rhyssematus AT01
  Artipus floridanus AT01
  Cylindrocopterus G05
  Styphlus penicillus SKR96
  Eubrychius RD77
  Litodactylus RD77
  Brachybamus Z93
  Penestes Z93
  Anathymus singularis Pascoe 1885 Mac86
  Ampharthropelma P92
  Anchorthorrhinus P92
  Archimetrioxena P92
  Dorytomus P92
  Electrotribus P92
  Erirhinoides P92
  Isalcidodes P92
  Necrodryophthorus P92
  Paleopissodes P92
  Pseudostyphlus P92
  Succinacalles P92
  Thryogenosoma P92
  Pantomerus galapagoensis PP72
  Phyllolytus Fairmaire 1889 F89
    `--*P. longicornis Fairmaire 1889 F89
  Trymatoderus Fairmaire 1889 F89
    `--*T. spongiicollis Fairmaire 1889 F89
  Polydacrys Schönh. 1834 FS90
    `--P. modestus Gyll. 1834 (see below for synonymy) FS90
  Oxyderces Schönh. 1833 FS90
    |--O. cretaceus Fab. 1792 [incl. O. scutellaris Chv. 1880] FS90
    `--O. lacteus Fab. 1781 [incl. O. religiosus] FS90
  Neocyphus Bed. 1883 FS90
    |--N. gentilis Ol. 1807 FS90
    |--N. pudens Boh. 1833 [incl. N. gilvipes, N. pudens var. leucocephalus Chv. 1880] FS90
    `--N. strangulatus Chv. 1880 [incl. N. sanguinipes] FS90
  Diaprepes Schönh. 1826 FS90
    |--D. abbreviatus Linné 1764 (see below for synonymy) FS90
    |--D. aurarius Gyll. 1834 [incl. D. interruptus Chv. 1880] FS90
    |--D. famelicus Ol. 1790 (see below for synonymy) FS90
    |--D. hemigrammus FS90
    |--D. marginatus Ol. 1807 (see below for synonymy) FS90
    |--D. marginicollis Chv. 1880 [incl. D. elongatus, D. longiusculus, D. scutellaris, D. viperinus] FS90
    |--D. rufescens Boh. 1840 FS90
    `--D. vitraci Fleutiaux & Sallé 1890 FS90
  Prepodes Schönh. 1826 FS90
    |--P. marmoreus Gyll. 1840 [incl. P. marmoreus var. marmoratus Chv. in Fleutiaux & Sallé 1890] FS90
    `--P. quadritaenia Chv. 1880 FS90
  Eustylus Schönh. 1843 FS90
    `--E. hybridus Rosensch. 1840 FS90
  Anchonus FS90
  Hilipus Germ. 1824 FS90
    |--H. latro Gyll. 1836 FS90
    |--H. sinuatus Boh. 1843 FS90
    `--H. tripunctatus Chv. 1880 FS90
  Phyllotrox Schönh. 1843 FS90
    `--P. pallidus Fåhrs. 1843 [incl. P. fulvus] FS90
  Ophthalmoborus testaceus FS90
  Prionomerus Schönh. 1836 FS90
    `--P. triangulifer Chv. 1880 FS90
  Polyderces Schönh. 1844 FS90
    `--P. zonatus Swed. 1787 [incl. P. tricinctus] FS90
  Lembodes Schönh. 1844 FS90
    `--L. solitarius Boh. 1844 FS90
  Ulosomus Schönh. 1826 FS90
    `--U. crassirostris Chv. 1879 FS90
  Pseudomus Schönh. 1837 FS90
    `--P. semicribratus Boh. 1844 FS90
  Cylindrocorynus Schönh. 1837 FS90
    `--C. thoracicus Chv. 1880 FS90
  Nanus Schönh. 1844 FS90
    |--N. erythrurus Chv. 1880 FS90
    `--N. uniformis Boh. 1844 FS90
  Torneuma DL90a
    |--T. convexiusculum DL90a
    |--T. deplanatum DL90a
    |--T. grouvellei Desbrochers des Loges 1890 DL90a
    |--T. raymondi DL90a
    |--T. sardoum Desbrochers des Loges 1890 DL90a
    |--T. subplanum Desbrochers des Loges 1890 DL90a
    `--T. theryi Desbrochers des Loges 1890 DL90a
  Scythropus DL90b
    |--S. confusus Desbrochers des Loges 1890 DL90b
    |--S. lethierryi DL90c
    |--S. longus [incl. S. oxycedri] DL90c
    |--S. phoeniceus [incl. Polydrosus oberthueri] DL90c
    |--S. raffrayi DL90c
    |--S. socius [incl. S. pineti] DL90c
    `--S. variabilis Desbrochers des Loges 1890 DL90b
  Pseudoscythropus apollinis DL90c
  Metallites globosus [incl. M. javeti, Cneorhinus pubescens] DL90c
  Platytarsus aurosus DL90c
  Holcorrhinus metallicus DL90c
  Omias indutus DL90c

Curculionidae [Brachyceridae, Calandraeides, Calandridae, Calandrides, Calandrina, Calendridae, Calendrinae, Cryptopygi, Dryophthoridae. Erirhinidae, Gonatoceri, Phanerognatha, Rhynchophoridae, Rhynchophorides] L20

Diaprepes abbreviatus Linné 1764 [incl. D. brevis, D. abbreviatus var. distinguendus Gyll. 1834, D. festivus, D. irregularis, D. japonensis, D. quadrilineatus, D. vicinus] FS90

Diaprepes famelicus Ol. 1790 [incl. D. affinis, D. famelicus var. lepidopterus Gyll. 1834, D. punctatus, D. reticulatus Chv. 1880, D. rugirostris] FS90

Diaprepes marginatus Ol. 1807 [incl. D. circumdatus, D. duponti, D. marginatus var. guadeloupensis, D. lateralis] FS90

Eccoptopterus Motschulsky 1863 [incl. Eurydactylus Hagedorn 1909 non LaFerté Sénectère 1851, Platydactylus Eichhoff 1886] W86

Polydacrys modestus Gyll. 1834 [incl. P. luctuosus, P. modestus var. moestus Chv. 1880, P. modestus var. nigrosparsus Chv. 1880, P. scansorius] FS90

*Type species of generic name indicated

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Last updated: 25 April 2021.