Belongs within: Coleoptera.
Contains: Diabathrariinae, Gonipterinae, Cleoninae, Alcidides, Sitona, Hyperinae, Cyclominae, Entiminae, Scolytinae, Cossoninae, Conoderinae, Cionus, Ceutorhynchinae, Cryptorhynchinae, Molytinae, Lixinae, Curculioninae, Mesoptillinae, Storeini, Tychiini, Baridinae.
The Curculionidae are the largest family of weevils. Members of the family typically possess an elongate rostrum, though this is relatively short in some subfamilies such as the Entiminae, and absent in others the Scolytinae. Most curculionids are phytophagous, with the larvae feeding internally in plant tissues (Lawrence & Britton 1991).
Perhaps not surprisingly for such a large group, the division of the Curculionidae between subfamilies has varied significantly between authors. For instance, some authors would combine the Orobitidinae, Ceuthorhynchinae and Conoderinae into an expanded Baridinae on the basis of shared characters such as fusion of the metepisternum and metepimeron, and an enlarged ascending mesepimeron (Davis 2009). Gillett et al. (2014) identified five potential main lineages within the Curculionidae. The aquatic weevils of the cosmopolitan genus Bagous may represent the sister group to other curculionids. Bagous species are able to swim underwater and feed on freshwater plants; they breath using air extracted from plant stems. A second clade includes the subfamilies Hyperinae, Cyclominae and Entiminae; members of this clade all have relatively short and broad rostra and are consequently referred to as the broad-nosed weevils. The Scolytinae and Cossoninae form successive outgroups to the fifth clade identified by Gillett et al. (2014), including relatives of the subfamily Curculioninae. Members of this clade generally have relatively long and slender rostra. Relationships within this last clade remain poorly supported, and a number of previously recognised subfamilies may not be monophyletic.
Characters (from Lawrence & Britton 1991): Usually moderately to strongly convex, robust, heavily sclerotised, often clothed with scales or bristles. Head more or less produced in front of eyes to form rostrum, which is usually much longer than broad; antennae geniculate with long scape and more or less compact club; labrum absent; maxillae reduced with short rigid palps; gular sutures fused; penultimate tarsal segment usually minute and concealed at base of lobed third segment. Larvae more or less C-shaped, very lightly sclerotised, with minute antennae and robust mandibles.
<==Curculionidae [Gonatoceri, Phanerognatha] MW15
|--Notaris [Notarinae, Notarini] MW15
| `--N. aethiops C01
|--Bagous Germar 1817 M94 [Bagoinae GC-P14]
| |--*B. binodulus [=Curculio binodulus] M94
| |--B. affinis Hustache 1926 B14
| |--B. australasiae Blackburn 1894 M94
| |--B. minutus C01
| `--B. transversus LeConte 1876 D09
`--+--+--+--Sitona GC-P14
| | `--Hyperinae GC-P14
| `--+--Cyclominae GC-P14
| `--Entiminae GC-P14
`--+--+--Porthetes MW15
| `--Scolytinae MW15
`--+--Cossoninae GC-P14
`--+--Conoderinae GC-P14
`--+--+--+--Cionus GC-P14
| | `--Ceutorhynchinae GC-P14
| `--+--Cryptorhynchinae GC-P14
| `--Zygopini [Zygopides, Zygopinae] GC-P14
| |--Peltophorus GC-P14
| `--Cylindrocopturus D09
| |--C. adspersus (LeConte 1876) D09
| `--C. operculatus (Say 1824) D09
`--+--+--+--Sympiezoscelus MW15
| | |--Molytinae GC-P14
| | `--Acalyptus [Acalyptini] GC-P14
| `--+--+--Lixinae GC-P14
| | `--Curculioninae GC-P14
| `--Hylobiini [Hylobiides, Hylobiinae] GC-P14
| |--Heilipodus argentinicus ML05
| `--Hylobius M94
| |--H. abietis C01
| |--H. pinastri C01
| `--H. transversovittatus MB93
`--+--+--Mesoptillinae GC-P14
| `--+--Storeini GC-P14
| `--Mecinini GC-P14
| |--Miarus campanulae GC-P14, C01
| `--Mecinus HF03
| |--M. circulatus (Marsham 1802) HF03
| |--M. pascuorum (Gyllenhal 1813) HF03
| `--M. pirazzolii (Stierlin 1867) HF03
`--+--+--+--Tychiini GC-P14
| | `--Baridinae GC-P14
| `--Camptorhinini [Camptorhinides] GC-P14
| |--Pachyonyx affaber M78
| `--Camptorrhinus Schoenherr 1826 M78, M94
| |--C. albizziae M94
| |--C. dorsalis Boisd. 1835 M86
| `--C. erectisquamis (Marsh 1928) HF03
`--+--Lobotrachelus Schoenherr 1838 M94 [Lobotrachelini GC-P14]
| |--L. exilis Pascoe 1885 M86
| |--L. stigma Pascoe 1873 M86
| `--L. troglodytes (Desbrochers 1891) D09
`--Coptonotini [Coptonotinae] GC-P14
|--Protohylastes annosus W86
|--Protoplatypus vetulus W86
|--Mecopelmus zeteki W86
|--Schedlarius mexicanus W86
`--Coptonotus cyclops W86
Curculionidae incertae sedis:
Crisius E02
|--C. longulus WH02
|--C. ornatus WH02
|--C. posticalis WH02
`--C. ventralis (Broun 1885) E02
Camptoscapus planiusculus (Broun 1880) E02
Microtribus huttoni E02
Hydramphus tuberculatus WH02
Ectopsis ferrugalis WH02
Megacolabus garviensis WH02
Tychanus verrucosus WH02
Tychanopais WH02
|--T. fougeri WH02
`--T. tuberosus ED04
Didymus impexus WH02
Clypeolus cineraceus WH02
Echinopeplus insolitus WH02
Epitimetes WH02
|--E. cuprealis WH02
|--E. grisealis WH02
`--E. lutosus WH02
Sargon suturalis WH02
Sympedius WH02
Stephanocleonus fossulatus Z02
Hexarthrum exiguum Z02
Dermothrius brevipennis ED04
Rachidiscodes ED04
Germainiellus MC94
Sericotrogus subaenescens WFS04
Acanthothorax Gaede 1832 BG06
Tigones caudata T27
Hoplocneme hookeri T27
Empaeotes censorius T27
Bothynoderes G89
|--B. albidus R13
`--B. brevirostris G89
Xanthochelus postumus Faust 1883 G89
Amblyrhinus G89
Corigetus G89
Alcidodes MHG04
|--A. bubo (Fabricius 1801) [=Rhynchaenus bubo] M94
`--A. leeuweni MHG04
Odoiporus longicollis MHG04
Stenoscelis brevis W86
Oodemas O94
Rhyncogonus O94
Phytonomus AN-A04
|--P. lilliputanus Lucas 1847 E12
|--P. plantaginis A71
`--P. variabilis AN-A04
Calacalles (Crateracalles Stüben 2004) F05
|--C. (*C.) droueti (Crotch 1867) [=Acalles droueti] F05
`--C. (C.) azoricus Stüben 2004 F05
Kyklioacalles F05
|--K. almadensis Stüben 2004 F05
|--K. almadophilus Stüben 2004 F05
`--K. anthyllis Stüben 2004 F05
Onyxacalles maginaensis Stüben 2004 F05
Rhynchodes G84
Homalinotus Schoenherr 1826 WL09, C92 [=Homalonotus Agassiz 1846 nec Koenig 1825 nec Agassiz 1846 C92]
`--H. coriaceus WL09
Mylacus rotundatus C01
Ptochus deportatus C01
Brachysomus echinatus C01
Strophosomus obesus C01
Psalidium maxillosum C01
Chlorophanus viridis C01
Alophus C01
|--A. quadriguttatus C01
|--A. rudis [incl. A. rudis var. gibbulosus] C01
`--A. triguttatus C01
Grypidius equiseti C01
Amalus haemorrhous C01
Ceuthorrhynchidius C01
|--C. barnevillei C01
|--C. floralis C01
|--C. melanarius C01
`--C. nigrinus C01
Tapinotus sellatus C01
Miccotrogus picirostris C01
Cnemargus Schönherr 1837 CW92a
Merodontus Jekel 1854 CW92b
Neocnemis Crotch 1867 CW92c
Rhynchaenus Clairville 1798 M94 [Rhynchaeninae LB91]
|--R. populi L02
`--R. saltator M94
Diabathrariinae LB91
Gonipterinae LB91
Orobitidinae [Orobitini] D09
|--Parorobitis D09
| |--P. gibbus Korotyaev, O’Brien & Konstantinov 2000 D09
| `--P. minutus B14
`--Orobitis B14
|--O. cyanea B14
`--O. nigrina B14
Cleoninae LB91
Alcidides M86
Eremnides M86
|--Platytrachelus chloris Pascoe 1870 M86
|--Oops pistor Germ. 1848 M86
`--Pephricus M86
|--P. echymis Pascoe 1870 M86
`--P. rattulus Pascoe 1882 M86
Hipporrhinus [Hipporhinides, Hipporhininae] M86
|--H. bulbifer B35
|--H. duponti Boisduval 1835 B35
`--H. heeri B14
Rhyparosomides M86
|--Zephryne sordida Pascoe 1870 M86
`--Dysostines M86
|--D. cellaris Pascoe 1873 M86
|--D. fuligineus Pascoe 1870 M86
|--D. hoplostethus Pascoe 1870 M86
|--D. pilipes Pascoe 1870 M86
|--D. pustulosus Pascoe 1870 M86
`--D. valgus Pascoe 1870 M86
Cylindrorhinides M86
|--Pantopoeus cervinus M86
|--Peripagis rufipes Pascoe 1870 M86
|--Lycosura bispinosa Pascoe 1875 M86
|--Decienus sphasodes Pascoe 1873 M86
`--Ocynoma M86
|--O. antennata Pascoe 1873 M86
`--O. cordipennis Pascoe 1873 M86
Tanyrhynchides M86
|--Synatonyx ovatus Wollast. 1853 M86
`--Xynaea saginata Pascoe 1865 M86
Othippia [Isorhynchides] M86
`--O. guttula Pascoe 1885 M86
Bronchus Z93
Dinomorphus [Dinomorphinae] Z93
Brotheinae Z93
Byrsopinae Z93
Stenocerus garnotii B35
Lagostomus australis B35
Elytrurus B35
|--E. cinctus Dupont in Boisduval 1835 B35
`--E. lapeyrousei Boisduval 1835 B35
Zygops boisduvalii Dupont in Boisduval 1835 B35
Brachyrhinus Latreille 1802 L02 [Brachyrhininae H02]
|--B. incanus (Linnaeus 1758) G20, L58 [=Curculio incanus G20]
|--B. ligustici (Linnaeus 1758) L02, L58 [=Curculio ligustici L02]
|--B. lineatus (Linnaeus 1758) L02, L58 [=Curculio lineatus L02]
|--B. niger [=Curculio niger] L02
`--B. pyri (Linnaeus 1758) L02, L58 [=Curculio pyri L02]
Rhyssematus AT01
Artipus floridanus AT01
Cylindrocopterus G05
Styphlus penicillus SKR96
Eubrychius RD77
Litodactylus RD77
*Type species of generic name indicated
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Last updated: 22 November 2020.
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