Pupilloidea

Hypselostoma tubiferum, from here.

Belongs within: Heterobranchia.
Contains: Vertigininae, Nesopupinae, Strobilops, Bifidaria, Pupoides, Pupilla, Vallonia, Pupisoma, Samoana, Partula, Eninae, Gastrocopta, Gyliotrachela, Cerastus, Elasmatininae, Achatinellinae.

The Pupilloidea is a diverse group of small snails, often with ovoid to cylindric shells and/or lamellae partially closing the shell aperture. Members include the Achatinellidae, an Indo-Pacific group with conical to elongate shells with generally rounded whorls, generally lacking an umbilicus, and with an ovate aperture and simple, non-reflected lip. The Cerastidae are mostly arboreal snails with a thin shell that are found in warmer regions of the Old World. Pupillidae and Gastrocoptidae have pupiform shells less than eight millimetres in height. Apertural barriers are more complex in Gastrocoptidae than Pupillidae with multiple palatal and parietal barriers often being present. The Enidae are found in warmer regions of the Old World; they are characterised by slender tentacles and conical shells with the umbilicus absent or nearly so (Stanisic et al. 2010). Snails of the Partulidae form a diverse radiation of species found on islands of the Pacific; many species have been rendered endangered or extinct by habitat loss or introduced predators. The Holarctic Valloniidae have very small discoidal to turbinate shells with a thickened lip (Stanisic et al. 2010).

<==Pupilloidea (see below for synonymy) BR17
    |  i. s.: ‘Pupa’ bigsbii Dawson 1880 TTE93
    |--Spelaeoconcha Sturany 1901 [Spelaeoconchidae, Spelaeoconchinae] BR05
    |    `--*S. paganettii Sturany 1901 BR17
    |--Odontocyclas Schlüter 1838 BR05 [Odontocycladidae BR17, Odontocycladinae]
    |    `--*O. kokeilii (Rossmässler 1837) [=Pupa kokeilii] BR17
    |--Pagodulina Clessin 1876 BR05 (see below for synonymy)
    |    `--*P. pagodula (Desmoulins 1830) [=Pupa pagodula, *Pagodina pagodula] BR17
    |--Agardhiella Hesse 1923 [Agardhiellidae] BR17
    |    `--*A. truncatella (Pfeiffer 1841) [=Pupa truncatella] BR17
    |--Cochlicopa Férussac 1821 SS10 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--*C. lubrica (Müller 1774) SS10 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--‘Cionella’ funcki G79a
    |    |--‘Cionella’ gloynii Gibbons 1879 G79b
    |    |--‘Cionella’ lamellata G79a
    |    |--‘Cionella’ morseana H68
    |    `--C. tridens (see below for synonymy) T79c
    |--Draparnaudia Montrouzier 1859 BR05 [Draparnaudiidae BR17, Draparnaudiinae]
    |    `--*D. michaudi Montrouzier 1859 BR17
    |--Fauxulus Schaufuss 1869 [=Faula Adams & Adams 1855 non Blanchard 1850; Fauxulidae] BR17
    |    `--*F. capensis (Küster 1841) [=Pupa capensis] BR17
    |--Cylindrellina Munier-Chalmas 1884 [Cylindrellinidae, Cylindrellininae] BR05
    |    |--*C. briardi Munier-Chalmas 1884 BR17
    |    `--C. permaxima Hrubesch 1965 TTE93
    |--Orcula Held 1837 [Orculidae, Orculinae] BR05
    |    |--*O. dolium (Draparnaud 1801) [=Pupa dolium] BR17
    |    `--O. plateaui (Cossmann 1889) TTE93
    |--Argna Cossmann 1889 BR05 [=Coryna Westerlund 1887 non Billberg 1813 BR17; Argnidae, Argninae]
    |    |--*A. biplicata (Michaud 1831) [=Pupa biplicata, *Coryna biplicata] BR17
    |    `--‘Pupa (Coryna)’ proexcessiva Sacco 1888 BR17
    |--Pyramidula Fitzinger 1833 [Pyramiduleae, Pyramidulidae, Pyramidulinae] BR05
    |    |--*P. rupestris (Draparnaud 1801) BR17 [=Helix rupestris BR17, Zonites rupestris G40]
    |    |--P. cronkhitei PF15
    |    `--P. jaenensis (Clessin 1882) NB19
    |--Vertiginidae BR17
    |    |--Vertigininae BR17
    |    `--Nesopupinae BR17
    |--Pleurodiscus Wenz 1919 non Lagerheim 1895 (ICBN) [Pleurodiscidae, Pleurodiscinae] SS10
    |    |--*P. balmei (Potiez & Michaud 1838) (see below for synonymy) SS10
    |    |--P. falciferus E99
    |    `--P. falkneri Schlickum 1978 TTE93
    |--Lauria Gray 1840 [Laurieae, Lauriidae, Lauriinae] BR05
    |    |--*L. umbilicata (Draparnaud 1801) BR17 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--L. anglica (see below for synonymy) G40
    |    `--L. cylindracea (Da Costa 1778) O03 [=Turbo cylindraceus G40]
    |--Spelaeodiscidae BR05
    |    |--Spelaeodiscus Brusina 1886 [Spelaeodiscinae] BR05
    |    |    `--*S. hauffeni (Schmidt 1855) [=Helix hauffeni] BR17
    |    `--Aspasita Westerlund 1889 [Aspasitinae] BR05
    |         `--*A. triaria (Rossmässler 1839) [=Helix triaria] BR17
    |--Azecidae [Azecinae] BR17
    |    |--Azeca Fleming 1828 BR05
    |    |    `--*A. tridens (Pulteney 1799) BR17 (see below for synonymy)
    |    `--Cryptazeca de Folin & Berillon 1878 [Cryptazecinae] BR05
    |         `--*C. monodonta (Folin 1877) [=Azeca monodonta] BR17
    |--Truncatellinidae [Truncatellininae, Truncatellinini] BR17
    |    |--Truncatellina Lowe 1852 BR05
    |    |    |--*T. linearis (Lowe 1852) [=Pupa linearis] BR17
    |    |    `--T. callicratis (Scacchi 1833) NB19
    |    `--Columella Westerlund 1878 [Columellinae] BR05
    |         |--*C. inornata (Michaud 1831) [=Pupa inornata] BR17
    |         |--C. alticola BP90
    |         `--C. edentula BP90
    |--Amastridae BR17
    |    |--Carelia Adams & Adams 1855 TTE93
    |    |--Planamastra Pilsbry 1911 TTE93
    |    |--Cyclamastra Pilsbry & Vanatta 1905 TTE93
    |    |--Amastra Adams & Adams 1855 [Amastrinae] BR05
    |    |    `--*A. magna (Adams 1850) [=Achatinella magna] BR17
    |    `--Leptachatina Gould 1847 BR05, BR17 [Leptachatininae, Leptachatinini]
    |         `--*L. acuminata (Gould 1847) [=Achatinella acuminata] BR17
    |--Chondrinidae [Chondrinoidea] BR05
    |    |--Granopupa granum (Draparnaud 1801) NB19
    |    |--Chondrina Reichenbach 1828 [Chondrininae] BR05
    |    |    `--*C. avenacea (Bruguière 1792) BR17 [=Bulimus avenaceus BR17; incl. Jaminia septemdentata Risso 1826 GN12]
    |    |--Chaenaxis Pilsbry & Ferriss 1906 BP90
    |    |    `--C. tuba BP90
    |    |--Granaria Held 1837 [Granariinae] BR17
    |    |    |--*G. frumentum (Draparnaud 1801) [=Pupa frumentum] BR17
    |    |    |    |--G. f. frumentum NB19
    |    |    |    `--G. f. illyrica (Rossmässler 1835) NB19
    |    |    `--G. granum (Draparnaud 1801) NB19
    |    |--Abida Turton 1831 TTE93
    |    |    |--A. frumentum J63
    |    |    |--A. juniperi [=Pupa (Abida) juniperi, Turbo juniperi] G40
    |    |    `--A. secale F05 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |         |--A. s. secale F05
    |    |         `--A. s. meridionalis Martínez-Ortí, Gómez & Faci 2004 F05
    |    `--Rupestrella philippii (Cantraine 1840) NB19
    |--Strobilopsidae BR05
    |    |--Paleostrobilops menardi (Brongniart 1810) TTE93
    |    |--Strobilops BR05
    |    |--Palaeostrobilops Gu 1988 [=Palaeotrobilops (l. c.)] G88
    |    |    `--*P. antiquus (Wang 1982) [=Giffordius antiquus] G88
    |    |--Prionolabium Yu 1982 G88
    |    |    |--P. decilamellatum Gu 1988 G88
    |    |    `--P. polyptychium Yu 1982 G88
    |    `--Discostrobilops Pilsbry 1927 G88
    |         |--D. diploptycha Gu 1988 G88
    |         |--D. incerta Yu & Zhang 1982 G88
    |         |--D. pericarinata Gu 1988 G88
    |         `--D. uniplicatus E99
    |--Pupillidae [Pupilladae, Pupillinae] WK13
    |    |--Bifidaria P15
    |    |--Pupoides BP90
    |    |--Pupilla BR05
    |    |--Albertanella minuta Russell 1931 TTE93
    |    |--Microstele PB27
    |    |--Campolaemus PB27
    |    |--Nesopuparia Pilsbry 1926 SS10
    |    |    `--*N. norfolkensis (Sykes 1900) [=Vertigo norfolkensis] SS10
    |    |--Omegapilla Iredale 1937 SS10
    |    |    `--O. australis (Angas 1864) (see below for synonymy) SS10
    |    `--Glyptopupoides Pilsbry 1926 SS10 [incl. Famarinia Iredale 1933 (n. n.) S88]
    |         |--G. egregia (Hedley & Musson 1892) KKW12 (see below for synonymy)
    |         `--G. xinyuensis (Gu 1988) [=Pupoides (Glyptopupoides) xinyuensis] G88
    |--Valloniidae SS10
    |    |--Vallonia SS10
    |    |--Pupisoma BR17
    |    |--Shanghuspira Yu 1977 G88
    |    |    `--S. costata Yü 1977 TTE93
    |    |--Zoogenetes Morse 1864 BP90
    |    |    `--Z. harpa BP90
    |    |--Agallospira Yu 1977 TTE93, G88
    |    |    `--A. multispiralis Yü 1977 TTE93
    |    |--Acanthinula Beck 1847 [Acanthinulidae, Acanthinulinae] BR05
    |    |    |--*A. aculeata (Müller 1774) BR17 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |    `--A. dumasi (Boissy 1848) TTE93
    |    `--Planogyra Morse 1864 BP90
    |         |--P. asteriscus BP90
    |         `--P. clappi BP90
    |--Partulidae [Partuloinei] BR17
    |    |--Eua K68
    |    |    |--E. expansa K68
    |    |    |--E. globosa K68
    |    |    |--E. montana K68
    |    |    `--E. zebrina K68
    |    `--+--Samoana K68
    |       `--Partula K68
    |--Enidae SS10
    |    |  i. s.: Coccoderma Moellendorff 1901 S88
    |    |         Apoecus S88
    |    |           |--A. apertus (von Martens 1863) S88
    |    |           `--A. colonus (Moellendorff 1895) S88
    |    |         Mirus Albers 1850 S88
    |    |         Pseudochondrula tetrodon (Mortillet 1854) GN12
    |    |--Eninae BR05
    |    `--Buliminus Beck 1837 (see below for synonymy) BR05
    |         |--*B. labrosus (Olivier 1804) [=Bulimus labrosus, *Bulimina labrosa] BR17
    |         |--B. alepensis (Pfeiffer 1841) [=Bulimus alepensis; incl. Helix (Cochlogena) alepi Férussac 1821] GN12
    |         |--B. glabratus H84
    |         |--B. lamprostatus H84
    |         |--B. mozambicensis G79c
    |         |--B. negevensis H84
    |         |--B. punctatus G79c
    |         |--B. sinaiensis H84
    |         `--B. therinus H84
    |--Gastrocoptidae [Gastrocoptinae] BR17
    |    |--Gastrocopta WK13
    |    |--Gyliotrachela TL88
    |    |--Paraboysidia Pilsbry 1917 TL88
    |    |--Anauchen Pilsbry 1917 TL88
    |    |--Systenostoma Bavay & Dautzenberg 1909 TL88
    |    |--Aulacospira Möllendorff 1890 [Aulacospirinae] TL88
    |    |    `--*A. scalatella (Möllendorff 1888) [=Helix scalatella] BR17
    |    |--Boysidia Anvey 1881 TL88
    |    |    `--B. (Dasypupa) TL88
    |    |         |--B. (D.) elaphis (Jutting 1949) [=Hypselostoma elaphis] TL88
    |    |         |--B. (D.) megaphona (Jutting 1949) [=Hypselostoma megaphona] TL88
    |    |         |--B. (D.) perigyra (Jutting 1949) [=Hypselostoma perigyra] TL88
    |    |         `--B. (D.) terae (Tomlin 1939) [=Hypselostoma terae] TL88
    |    `--Hypselostoma Benson 1856 [Hypselostomatidae, Hypselostomatinae] BR05
    |         |--*H. tubiferum (Benson 1856) [=Tanystoma tubiferum] BR17
    |         |--H. dayanum Stoliczka 1871 TL88
    |         |--H. holimanae Thompson & Lee 1988 TL88
    |         |--H. latispira Thompson & Auffenberg 1984 TL88
    |         |--H. quadrasi Moellendorff 1896 TL88
    |         |--H. roebeleni Moellendorff 1894 TL88
    |         `--H. sibuyanicum Moellendorff 1896 TL88
    |--Cerastidae [Cerastuidae] BR17
    |    |--Zebrinops Thiele 1931 S88
    |    |--Conulinus von Martens 1895 S88
    |    |--Pasamaella Pfeiffer 1878 S88
    |    |--Achatinelloides Nevill 1878 S88
    |    |--Euryptyxis Fischer 1883 S88
    |    |--Edouardia Gude 1914 S88
    |    |--Altenaia Zilch 1972 S88
    |    |--Procerastus dautzenbergi (Cossmann 1907) TTE93
    |    |--Cerastus BR05
    |    |--Amimopina Solem 1964 KKW12
    |    |    `--*A. macleayi (Brazier 1876) SS10 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--Rhachidina Thiele 1911 S88
    |    |    `--R. zonulatus (Pfeiffer 1846) S88
    |    |--Rhachistia Connolly 1925 [incl. Rachispeculum Iredale 1933] SS10
    |    |    |--*R. rhodotaenia (Martens 1869) [=Bulimulus (Rachis) rhodotaenia] SS10
    |    |    `--R. histrio (Pfeiffer 1855) SS10 (see below for synonymy)
    |    |--Pachnodus Martens 1860 BR05, BR17 [Pachnodidae, Pachnodinae] BR05
    |    |    |--*P. velutinus (Pfeiffer 1842) [=Buliminus velutinus] BR17
    |    |    |--P. herbigradus PB27
    |    |    `--P. rutshuruensis PB27
    |    `--Rachis Albers 1850 S88
    |         |--R. boehmi PB27
    |         |    |--R. b. boehmi PB27
    |         |    `--R. b. delicatus PB27
    |         |--R. braunsii PB27
    |         |    |--R. b. braunsii PB27
    |         |    `--R. b. quadricingulatus PB27
    |         `--R. punctatus (Anton 1839) S88
    `--Achatinellidae [Achatinellacea, Achatinelloidea] BR17
         |  i. s.: Protornatellina isoclina (White 1895) TTE93
         |--Elasmatininae BR05
         |--Achatinellinae BR05
         |--Tekoulina Solem 1972 [Tekoulininae] BR05
         |    `--*T. pricei Solem 1972 BR17
         |--Auriculella Pfeiffer 1854 [Auriculellidae, Auriculellinae, Auriculellini] BR05
         |    |--*A. auricula (Férussac 1821) [=Partula auricula] BR17
         |    `--‘Bulimus’ armatus Mighels 1845 [incl. Auriculella westerlundiana Ancey 1889] J49
         |--Tornatellidinae BR05
         |    |--Tornatellaria Pilsbry 1910 [Tornatellariini] BR05
         |    |    `--*T. newcombi (Pfeiffer 1857) [=Tornatellina newcombi] BR17
         |    `--Tornatellides Pilsbry 1910 [Tornatellidini] SS10
         |         |--*T. simplex (Pease 1865) [=Tornatellina simplex] BR17
         |         |--T. lordhowensis Shea & Griffiths in Stanisic, Shea et al. 2010 SS10
         |         `--T. (Waimea) rudicostatus TTE93
         |--Tornatellininae [Tornatellinidae] BR05
         |    |--Tornatellina Pfeiffer 1842 [Tornatellinini] BR05
         |    |    `--*T. clausa Pfeiffer 1842 BR17
         |    `--Elasmias Pilsbry 1910 [Elasmiatidae, Elasmiatini, Elasmiatinidae] BR05
         |         |--*E. aperta (Pease 1865) [=Tornatellina aperta] BR17
         |         |--E. manilense (Dohrn 1863) [=Tornatellina manilensis] S88
         |         |--E. subperforata (Suter 1909) P61
         |         |--E. terrestris (Brazier 1876) SS10 (see below for synonymy)
         |         `--E. wakefieldiae (Cox 1868) [incl. E. schola Iredale 1944] SS10
         `--Pacificellinae [Pacificellidae] BR05
              |--Lamellidea Pilsbry 1910 [Lamellideinae, Lamellideini] BR05
              |    `--*L. peponum (Gould 1847) [=Pupa peponum] BR17
              `--Pacificellini BR05
                   |--Pacificella Odhner 1921 BR05
                   |    `--*P. variabilis Odhner 1921 BR17
                   `--Tornatellinops Pilsbry & Cooke 1915 [incl. Tornelasmias Iredale 1944; Tornatellinoptini] SS10
                        |--*T. novoseelandica (Pfeiffer 1852) [=Tornatellina novoseelandica] SS10
                        |--T. jacksonensis (Cox 1864) (see below for synonymy) SS10
                        `--T. mastersi (Brazier 1876) (see below for synonymy) SS10

Abida secale F05 [=Chondrus secale G40, Cochlodonta secale G40, Pupa secale G40, Torquilla secale G40, Vertigo secale G40; incl. Pupa secale var. boileausiana T79a, P. secale var. edentula Taylor 1879 nec P. edentula nec P. umbilicata var. edentula Gray 1840 T79b]

*Acanthinula aculeata (Müller 1774) BR17 [=Helix aculeata BR17, H. (Hygromanes) aculeata G40; incl. H. delectabilis G40, H. spinulosa G40, Teba spinulosa G40]

*Amimopina macleayi (Brazier 1876) SS10 [=Bulimus macleayi KKW12, Bothriembryon macleayi M64, Papuina macleayi M64; incl. Bulimus beddomei Brazier 1880 KKW12, Amimopina beddomei S88]

*Azeca tridens (Pulteney 1799) BR17 [=Turbo tridens BR17, Bulimus tridens G40, Pupa tridens G40; incl. P. britannica G40, Azeca goodalli G40, P. goodalli G40, A. matoni G40, Carychium menkeanum G40, C. politum G40, Turbo quadridens G40, Pupa tridentata G40]

Buliminus Beck 1837 [=Bulimina Ehrenberg 1831 non d’Orbigny 1826; Buliminuinae, Buliminusidae, Buliminusinae, Buliminusoidea] BR05

Cochlicopa Férussac 1821 SS10 [=Cionella Jeffreys 1830 SS10, Zua Turton 1831 BR05; Cionellida, Cionellidae, Cochlicopidae BR17, Cochlicopinae, Zuidae]

*Cochlicopa lubrica (Müller 1774) SS10 [=Helix lubrica SS10, Achatina lubrica G40, Bulimus lubricus G40, *Cionella lubrica BR17, Lymnea lubrica G40, *Zua lubrica BR17; incl. Turbo glaber G40, Cochlicopa lubrica var. lubricoides A79]

Cochlicopa tridens [incl. C. tridens var. alzenensis, C. tridens var. crystallina, C. menkeanus, Azeca nouletiana, C. tridens var. nouletiana, C. tridens monstr. sinistrorsa Taylor 1879] T79c

Elasmias terrestris (Brazier 1876) SS10 [=Tornatellina terrestris S88, E. terrestre S88; incl. T. eucharis Brazier 1876 SS10, E. eucharis S88]

Glyptopupoides egregia (Hedley & Musson 1892) KKW12 [=Diplommatina egregia S88, *Famarinia egregia S88; incl. Pupoides hedleyi Pilsbry 1926 SS10, P. (*Glyptopupoides) hedleyi S88]

Lauria anglica [=Pupa (Lauria) anglica, Turbo anglicus, Vertigo anglica; incl. Pupa bidentata, P. ringens, P. tridentalis] G40

*Lauria umbilicata (Draparnaud 1801) BR17 [=Pupa umbilicata BR17; incl. Pupilla draparnaudii G40, Pupa (Lauria) umbilicata var. edentula Gray 1840 non P. edentula G40]

Omegapilla australis (Angas 1864) [incl. Pupa lincolnensis Cox 1867, P. nelsoni Cox 1864, *Omegapilla nelsoni, O. occidentalis Iredale 1939, Pupa tasmanica Johnston 1883] SS10

Pagodulina Clessin 1876 BR05 [=Pagodina Stabile 1864 non van Beneden 1853 BR05; Pagodininae, Pagodulinidae BR17, Pagodulininae]

*Pleurodiscus balmei (Potiez & Michaud 1838) [=Helix balmei; incl. H. erdelii Roth 1839, H. flavida Rössmassler 1839, H. teresae Benoit 1843] SS10

Pupilloidea [Buliminoidea, Cionelloidea, Cochlicopoidea, Dicera, Dicerae, Enoidea, Orculoidea, Orthurethra, Partulacea, Partuloidea, Pupilloidei, Vertiginacea, Vertiginoidea] BR17

Rhachistia histrio (Pfeiffer 1855) SS10 [incl. Bulimus bidwilli Cox 1868 SS10, Rhachidina braunsi (von Martens 1869) S88, Papuina folicola Hedley 1893 SS10]

Tornatellinops jacksonensis (Cox 1864) [incl. Tornatellina duplicilamellata Preston 1913, Tornatellina inconspicua Brazier 1872, Tornatellina norfolkensis moohuensis Preston 1913, Tornatellina norfolkensis nepeanensis Preston 1913, Tornatellina norfolkensis Preston 1913] SS10

Tornatellinops mastersi (Brazier 1876) [incl. Tornatellina grenvillei Brazier 1876, Tornatellina petterdi Brazier 1876, Tornatellinops pressus Iredale 1940] SS10

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A79] Ashford, C. 1879. Land and freshwater shells observed in the neighborhood of Redcar. Journal of Conchology 2: 236–241.

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.

[BP90] Burch, J. B., & T. A. Pearce. 1990. Terrestrial Gastropoda. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 201–309. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[E99] Esu, D. 1999. Contribution to the knowledge of Neogene climate changes in western and central Europe by means of non-marine molluscs. In: J. Agustí, L. Rook & P. Andrews (eds) The Evolution of Neogene Terrestrial Ecosystems in Europe pp. 328–354. Cambridge University Press.

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Last updated: 21 August 2021.