Heterothripidae

Female Heterothrips pectinifer, from Thrips of California.

Belongs within: Thysanoptera.

The Heterothripidae are a smallish family of New World thrips species. The biology of the family is poorly known, though many species appear to be flower-living (Mound & Marullo 1996). The great majority of species are placed in the genus Heterothrips, which lacks the long expanded setae on the head and pronotum of Aulacothrips, and the triangle of strong reticulate sculpture on the metanotum of Scutothrips. Lenkothrips has been treated as a subgenus of Heterothrips, but has the sensoria on antennal segments III and IV curved towards the base of segment laterally, whereas they are restricted to the apex in Heterothrips (Mound & Marullo 1996).

Characters (from Mound & Marullo 1996): Antenna with nine segments; segments III and IV with continuous, circum-polar sensory areas, usually transverse around apex but sometimes curved basally on each side of these segments.

<==Heterothripidae [Heterothripoidea]
    |--Protothrips Z02
    |--Archaeothrips Z02
    |--Lenkothrips De Santis & Sureda 1970 MM96
    |    `--*L. sensitivus (De Santis & Sureda 1970) [=Heterothrips (*Lenkothrips) sensitivus] MM96
    |--Aulacothrips Hood 1952 MM96
    |    `--*A. dictyotus Hood 1952 MM96
    |--Scutothrips Stannard 1972 MM96
    |    |--*S. incaensis Stannard 1972 MM96
    |    |--S. byrsonimae Mound & Marullo 1996 MM96
    |    |--S. nudus [incl. S. moreirai Moulton 1932] MM96
    |    `--S. peruvianus MM96
    `--Heterothrips Hood 1908 [incl. Protemnothrips Hood 1937] MM96
         |--*H. arisaemae Hood 1908 MM96
         |--H. aesculi Watson 1915 MM96
         |--H. alvarezi Johansen 1991 MM96
         |--H. analis Hood 1915 MM96
         |--H. angusticeps Hood 1954 MM96
         |--H. animosus Johansen 1986 MM96
         |--H. anodae Johansen 1989 MM96
         |--H. auranticornis Watson 1922 MM96
         |--H. azaleae Hood 1916 MM96
         |--H. bicolor Hood 1954 MM96
         |--H. bolivianus Stannard 1972 MM96
         |--H. brasiliensis Moulton 1932 MM96
         |--H. cacti Hood 1955 [incl. H. sensibilis De Santis 1980] MM96
         |--H. californiensis Johansen 1989 MM96
         |--H. castaneus Johansen 1981 MM96
         |--H. clusiae Hood 1955 MM96
         |--H. condei Moulton 1932 MM96
         |--H. cuernavacae Watson 1939 MM96
         |--H. decacornis Crawford 1909 [incl. H. bonampakus Johansen 1981, H. borinquen Hood 1915] MM96
         |--H. decoratus Hood 1954 MM96
         |--H. eversi Stannard 1958 MM96
         |--H. fimbriatus Hood 1934 MM96
         |--H. flavicornis Hood 1915 MM96
         |--H. flavicruris Hood 1934 MM96
         |--H. flavidus Hood 1954 MM96
         |--H. flavitibia Moulton 1932 MM96
         |--H. gillettei Moulton 1929 MM96
         |--H. julius Stannard 1972 MM96
         |--H. lasquerellae Hood 1939 MM96
         |--H. lewisi Mound & Marullo 1996 MM96
         |--H. limbatus Hood 1925 MM96
         |--H. lyoniae Hood 1916 MM96
         |--H. marginatus Hood 1954 MM96
         |--H. mexicanus Watson 1924 MM96
         |--H. miconiae Hood 1937 [=H. (*Protemnothrips) miconiae] MM96
         |--H. mimosae Mound & Marullo 1996 MM96
         |--H. minor Hood 1915 MM96
         |--H. moestus De Santis 1966 MM96
         |--H. myrceugenellae Gallego de Sureda 1973 MM96
         |--H. oneillae Medina Gaud 1963 MM96
         |--H. ornatus Hood 1938 MM96
         |--H. pastraniae Tapia 1952 (n. d.) MM96
         |--H. pectinifer Hood 1915 MM96
         |--H. pilosus Buffa 1908 (n. d.) MM96
         |--H. pithecolobiumaffinis Johansen 1989 MM96
         |--H. prosopidis Crawford 1943 MM96
         |--H. pubescens Hood 1934 MM96
         |--H. quercicola Crawford 1942 MM96
         |--H. salicis Shull 1909 MM96
         |--H. semiflavus De Santis 1972 MM96
         |--H. sericatus Hood 1913 MM96
         |--H. spinosus Moulton 1932 MM96
         |--H. striatus Moulton 1932 MM96
         |--H. trinidadensis Hood 1955 MM96
         |--H. varitibia Moulton 1932 MM96
         |--H. vernus Hood 1939 MM96
         |--H. vitifloridus Bailey & Cott 1955 MM96
         |--H. vitis Hood 1916 [incl. H. tiliae Watson 1920] MM96
         |--H. watsoni Bailey & Cott 1955 MM96
         `--H. xolismae Hood 1936 MM96

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[MM96] Mound, L. A., & R. Marullo. 1996. The thrips of Central and South America: an introduction (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International 6: 1-487.

[Z02] Zherikhin, V. V. 2002. Order Thripida Fallen, 1914. (=Thysanoptera Haliday, 1836) The thrips. In History of Insects (A. P. Rasnitsyn & D. L. J. Quicke, eds) pp. 133-143. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.