Phalangioidea

Pair of Dalquestia formosa, copyright Robby Deans.

Belongs within: Palpatores.
Contains: Neopilionidae, Phalangiidae, Sclerosomatidae, Metopilio.

The Phalangioidea is a diverse clade of long-legged harvestmen, members of which are united by the possession of accessory spiracles in the tibiae of the legs.

<==Phalangioidea
    |  i. s.: Oligoopilionus Ciobanu 1977 C92
    |           `--*O. aquaticus Ciobanu 1977 C92
    |         Petrunkevitchiana Mello-Leitão 1936 C92
    |           `--*P. oculata (Petrunkevitch 1922) [=Phalangium oculatum] C92
    |         Kustarachne Scudder 1890 DA05 [Kustarachnida, Kustarachnidae K13]
    |           |--K. conica D07
    |           |--K. extincta D07
    |           `--K. tenuipes Scudder 1890 DA05
    |--+--Vibone Kauri 1961 VFG14, HC91
    |  |    `--*V. vetusta Kauri 1961 HC91
    |  `--+--+--Neopilionidae VFG14
    |     |  `--Phalangiidae VFG14
    |     `--Sclerosomatidae VFG14
    `--+--Dalquestia Cokendolpher 1984 HT12, C92
       |    |--*D. formosa (Banks 1910) C92 [=Eurybunus formosus C92, Globipes formosus R23]
       |    |--D. concho CS00
       |    |--D. grasshoffi HT12
       |    |--D. leucopyga Cokendolpher & Sissom 2000 CS00
       |    |--D. rothorum Cokendolpher & Stockwell 1986 CS00
       |    `--D. rugosa (Schenkel 1951) E90
       `--+--Eurybunus Banks 1893 HT12, C92
          |    |--*E. brunneus Banks 1893 C92
          |    |--E. pallidus Goodnight & Goodnight 1943 GG43
          |    |--E. riversi Goodnight & Goodnight 1943 GG43
          |    `--E. spinosus Banks 1895 R23
          `--+--Metopilio HT12
             `--Globipes Banks 1893 HT12, C92
                  |--*G. spinulatus Banks 1893 C92
                  |--G. schultzei R56
                  `--G. simplex Schenkel 1951 E90

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CS00] Cokendolpher, J. C., & W. D. Sissom. 2000. Further contributions to the study of Dalquestia (Opiliones, Sclerosomatidae). Entomological News 111 (4): 243–249.

[C92] Crawford, R. L. 1992. Catalogue of the genera and type species of the harvestman superfamily Phalangioidea (Arachnida). Burke Museum Contributions in Anthropology and Natural History 8: 1–60.

[D07] Dunlop, J. A. 2007. Paleontology. In: Pinto-da-Rocha, R., G. Machado & G. Giribet (eds) Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones pp. 247–265. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

[DA05] Dunlop, J. A., & L. I. Anderson. 2005. A fossil harvestman (Arachnida, Opiliones) from the Mississippian of East Kirkton, Scotland. Journal of Arachnology 33: 482–489.

[E90] Edgar, A. L. 1990. Opiliones (Phalangida). In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 529–581. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[GG43] Goodnight, C. J., & M. L. Goodnight. 1943. New and little known phalangids from the United States. American Midland Naturalist 29 (3): 643–656.

[HM12] Hedin, M., N. Tsurusaki, R. Macías-Ordóñez & J. W. Shultz. 2012. Molecular systematics of sclerosomatid harvestmen (Opiliones, Phalangioidea, Sclerosomatidae): geography is better than taxonomy in predicting phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62 (1): 224–236.

[HC91] Hunt, G. S., & J. C. Cokendolpher. 1991. Ballarrinae, a new subfamily of harvestmen from the Southern Hemisphere (Arachnida, Opiliones, Neopilionidae). Records of the Australian Museum 43: 131–169.

[K13] Kury, A. B. 2013. Order Opiliones Sundevall, 1833. Zootaxa 3703: 27–33.

[R23] Roewer, C.-F. 1923. Die Weberknechte der Erde: Systematische Bearbeitung der bisher bekannnten Opiliones. Gustav Fischer: Jena.

[R56] Roewer, C. F. 1956. Über Phalangiinae (Phalangiidae, Opiliones Palpatores). (Weitere Weberknechte XIX). Senckenbergiana Biologica 37 (3–4): 247–318.

[VFG14] Vélez, S., R. Fernández & G. Giribet. 2014. A molecular phylogenetic approach to the New Zealand species of Enantiobuninae (Opiliones: Eupnoi: Neopilionidae). Invertebrate Systematics 28: 565–589.