Nemastoma

Nemastoma sp., from Axel L. Schönhofer.

Belongs within: Nemastomatidae.

Nemastoma is a widespread genus of small harvestmen in Europe.

Characters (from Martens 1978): Male genital morphology with truncus penis long and narrow, usually almost at right angles to the dilated base; Glans in a straight extension of trunk, scarcely wider than latter; dorsoventrally flattened. Glans symmetrical or slightly asymmetrical, laterally with one to eight strong, basad-directed hooks, exceptionally missing. Scutum primarily a scutum magnum, old and strongly sclerotized individuals with scutum compositum (abdominal tergites VI, VII and rarely VIII fused with scutum magnum). Smooth-shiny to roughly granulated, without dorsal spines; deep black, carapace often with gold or silver markings.

<==Nemastoma Koch 1836 [incl. Lugubrostoma Kratochvíl 1958, Stridulostoma Hadži 1973] S13
    |--*N. bimaculatum (Fabricius 1775) M06 (see below for synonymy)
    |--N. bidentatum Roewer 1914 M06 [=N. (Lugubrostoma) bidentatum N05]
    |    |--N. b. bidentatum M06
    |    |--N. b. pluridentatum Hadži 1973 (see below for synonymy) S13
    |    |--N. b. relictum Gruber & Martens 1968 M06
    |    `--N. b. sparsum Gruber & Martens 1968 M06
    |--N. daciscum Koch 1869 (n. d.) S13
    |--N. dentigerum Canestrini 1873 M06
    |--‘Crosbycus’ goodnighti Roewer 1951 (n. d.) S10, S13 [=C. goodnightorum (l. c.) S13]
    |--N. incertum Koch & Berendt 1854 D07
    |--N. lilliputanum (Lucas 1849) [=Goniosoma lilliputanum] S13
    |--N. lugubre (Müller 1776) M06 (see below for synonymy)
    |--N. rude Simon 1881 D04
    |--N. schuelleri Gruber & Martens 1968 M06
    |--N. superbum Koch 1869 M06
    |--N. transsylvanicum Gruber & Martens 1968 M06
    `--N. triste (Koch 1835) M06 (see below for synonymy)

Nemastoma bidentatum pluridentatum Hadži 1973 [=N. (Lugubrostoma) triste pluridentatum; incl. N. (*Stridulostoma) seliskari Hadži 1973] S13

*Nemastoma bimaculatum (Fabricius 1775) M06 [=Phalangium bimaculatum M06, N. lugubre bimaculatum D04, Opilio bimaculatus D04]

Nemastoma lugubre (Müller 1776) M06 [=Phalangium lugubre D04, Histricostoma lugubre D04, Nemastoma (*Lugubrostoma) lugubre S13; incl. N. lugubre helvetica Lessert 1917 S13, N. lugubre var. striatum Morin 1934 S13]

Nemastoma triste (Koch 1835) M06 [=Phalangium triste R23, N. (Lugubrostoma) triste S13; incl. N. kollari Doleschall 1852 R23, N. lugubre unicolor Roewer 1914 S13]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[D04] Delfosse, E. 2004. Catalogue préliminaire des Opilions de France métropolitaine (Arachnida Opiliones). Bulletin de Phyllie 20: 34–58.

[D07] Dunlop, J. A. 2007. Paleontology. In: Pinto-da-Rocha, R., G. Machado & G. Giribet (eds) Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones pp. 247–265. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).

Martens, J. 1978. Spinnentiere, Arachnida: Weberknechte, Opiliones. Gustav Fischer Verlag: Jena.

[M06] Martens, J. 2006. Weberknechte aus dem Kaukasus: Nemastomatidae (Arachnida, Opiliones, Nemastomatidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 86 (2): 145–210.

[N05] Novak, T. 2005. An overview of harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Natura Croatica 14 (4): 301–350.

[R23] Roewer, C.-F. 1923. Die Weberknechte der Erde: Systematische Bearbeitung der bisher bekannnten Opiliones. Gustav Fischer: Jena.

[S13] Schönhofer, A. L. 2013. A taxonomic catalogue of the Dyspnoi Hansen and Sørensen, 1904 (Arachnida: Opiliones). Zootaxa 3679 (1): 1–68.

[S10] Shear, W. A. 2010. Hesperonemastoma smilax, n. sp., a remarkable new harvestman from a cave in West Virginia, with comments on other reported cave-dwelling Hesperonemastoma species (Opiliones, Ischyropsalidoidea, Sabaconidae). Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 72 (2): 105–110.