Prionostemma

Prionostemma sp., copyright Daniel N. Proud.

Belongs within: Sclerosomatidae.

Prionostemma is a genus of sclerosomatid harvestmen recognised from Central and South America, the defining characters of which remain poorly defined.

Characters (from Roewer 1923): Eyemound as long as high and wide or wider, dorsally smooth or granular. Scutum unarmed. Lateral margins of coxae with sharp, three-pointed denticulations. Legs very long and thin; femur II 2–3 (or more) times and femora I and III 1.5–2 times as long as body; femora I–IV with nodular formula 0.3.0.1.

<==Prionostemma Pocock 1903 T-D04 [=Prionomma Loman 1902 non White 1853 C92]
    |--P. retusum HT12
    `--+--P. inglei HT12
       `--P. intermedium (Banks 1909) HT12, R23 [=Liobunum intermedium R23]

Prionostemma incertae sedis:
  *P. coronatum (Loman 1902) [=*Prionomma coronatum] C92
  P. albimanum Roewer 1912 R23
  P. albipalpe (Banks 1898) [=Liobunum albipalpe] R23
  P. albofasciatum (Cambridge 1901) [=Liobunum albofasciatum] R23
  P. atrorubrum Roewer 1912 R23
  P. aureomaculatum Soares 1970 KP-R02
  P. aureum Roewer 1928 KP-R02
  P. bicolor Pocock 1903 R23
  P. bidens Roewer 1953 KP-R02
  P. biolleyi (Banks 1909) [=Liobunum biolleyi] R23
  P. circulatum Roewer 1914 R23
  P. coriaceum (Cambridge 1904) [=Liobunum coriaceum] GG42b
  P. coxale (Banks 1909) [=Liobunum coxale] R23
  P. dentatum Roewer 1910 R23
  P. duplex Chamberlin 1925 GG42b
  P. farinosum Mello-Leitão 1938 T-D03
  P. fichteri Goodnight & Goodnight 1947 GG47
  P. foveolatum (Cambridge 1904) [=Leiobunum foveolatum] GG43
  P. frontale (Banks 1909) [=Liobunum frontale] R23
  P. fulvibrunneum Roewer 1928 KP-R02
  P. fuscamaculata Goodnight & Goodnight 1947 GG47
  P. genufuscum Roewer 1910 R10
  P. iguassuensis Mello-Leitão 1935 T-D04
  P. insculptum Pocock 1903 R23
  P. laterale (Banks 1909) [=Liobunum laterale] R23
  P. limbatum Roewer 1953 T-D04
  P. lubeca Goodnight & Goodnight 1946 GG53
  P. magnificum Roewer 1953 KP-R02
  P. minimum Roewer 1910 T-D03
  P. nigrum Roewer 1910 R23
  P. panama Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 GG42b
  P. perlucidum Roewer 1910 R23
  P. pulchra Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 GG42a
  P. reticulatum Roewer 1910 GG42a
  P. richteri Roewer 1953 KP-R02
  P. riveti Roewer 1914 R23
  P. scintillans Pocock 1903 R23
  P. simplex Chamberlin 1925 GG42b
  P. transversale Roewer 1953 KP-R02
  P. tristani (Banks 1909) [=Liobunum tristani] R23
  P. victoriae Goodnight & Goodnight 1946 GG53
  P. vittatum Roewer 1910 R23
  P. wagneri Goodnight & Goodnight 1944 GG44

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C92] Crawford, R. L. 1992. Catalogue of the genera and type species of the harvestman superfamily Phalangioidea (Arachnida). Burke Museum Contributions in Anthropology and Natural History 8: 1–60.

[GG42a] Goodnight, C. J., & M. L. Goodnight. 1942a. Phalangids from British Guiana. American Museum Novitates 1167: 1–13.

[GG42b] Goodnight, C. J., & M. L. Goodnight. 1942b. Phalangida from Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone. American Museum Novitates 1198: 1–18.

[GG44] Goodnight, C. J., & M. L. Goodnight. 1944. More Phalangida from Mexico. American Museum Novitates 1249: 1–13.

[GG47] Goodnight, C. J., & M. L. Goodnight. 1947. Studies of the phalangid fauna of Central America. American Museum Novitates 1340: 1–21.

[GG53] Goodnight, C. J., & M. L. Goodnight. 1953. The opilionid fauna of Chiapas, Mexico, and adjacent areas (Arachnoidea, Opiliones). American Museum Novitates 1610: 1–81.

[HT12] Hedin, M., N. Tsurusaki, R. Macías-Ordóñez & J. W. Shultz. 2012. Molecular systematics of sclerosomatid harvestmen (Opiliones, Phalangioidea, Sclerosomatidae): geography is better than taxonomy in predicting phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62 (1): 224–236.

[KP-R02] Kury, A. B., & R. Pinto-da-Rocha. 2002. Opiliones. In: Adis, J. (ed.) Amazonian Arachnida and Myriapoda pp. 345–362. Pensoft: Sofia.

[R10] Roewer, C.-F. 1910. Revision der Opiliones Plagiostethi (=Opiliones Palpatores). I. Teil: Familie der Phalangiidae. (Subfamilien: Gagrellini, Liobunini, Leptobunini). Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften, herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg 19 (4): 1–294.

[R23] Roewer, C.-F. 1923. Die Weberknechte der Erde: Systematische Bearbeitung der bisher bekannnten Opiliones. Gustav Fischer: Jena.

[T-D03] Tourinho-Davis, A. L. 2003. On the dubious identity of Bastioides Mello-Leitão, 1931 (Eupnoi, Sclerosomatidae, Gagrellinae). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 7: 241–245.

[T-D04] Tourinho-Davis, A. L. 2004. A new genus of Gagrellinae from Brazil, with a comparative study of some of the subtropical and southernmost tropical South American genera (Opiliones, Eupnoi, Sclerosomatidae). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 9: 157–177.