Nassariidae

Common Pacific phos Phos senticosus, copyright Hectonichus.

Belongs within: Buccinoidea.
Contains: Arcularia, Nassarius, Alectrion.

The Nassariidae, dog whelks, are a group of mostly scavenging marine neogastropods, most commonly found in sandy or muddy areas in shallow waters. They are small to medium in size, with a shell bearing a high spire and oval aperture. Within the Nassariidae, members of the Nassariinae and Cyllene are generally smaller than Dorsaninae or Bullia. The shell aperture of Cyllene has a thick outer lip with a prominently lirate interior, and the columella is calloused and distinctly plicate. Phos is a genus of relatively large nassariids with multicuspidate rachidian teeth on the radula.

<==Nassariidae [Alectrionidae, Arculariidae, Nassidae, Nassina, Nassinae]
    |--Anentome Cossmann 1901 [Anentominae] BR17
    |    |--*A. helena (von dem Busch 1847) [=Melania helena] BR17
    |    `--A. cambodjensis [=Clea (Anentome) cambodjensis] G88
    |--Buccinanops d’Orbigny 1841 [Buccinanopsinae] BR17
    |    |--*B. cochlidius (Dillwyn 1817) [=Buccinum cochlidium] BR17
    |    |--B. gradatus (Deshayes 1844) S11
    |    `--B. monilifer (Velenciennes 1834) S11
    |--Bullia Gray 1834 [Bulliinae] BR05
    |    |--*B. semiplicata Gray 1833 BR17
    |    |--B. achatina [incl. B. digitalis] SML68
    |    |--B. annulata Lamarck 1816 HJ08
    |    |--B. laevissima SML68
    |    |--B. rhodostoma C60
    |    `--B. rogersi Smythe in Smythe & Chatfield 1981 BC01
    |--Dorsaninae BR05
    |    |--Duplicata Korobokov 1955 [Duplicatinae] BR05
    |    |    `--*D. duplicata (Sowerby 1832) [=Buccinum duplicatum] BR17
    |    `--Dorsanum Gray 1847 BR05
    |         |--*D. politum (Lamarck 1822) [=Buccinum politum] BR17
    |         `--D. fuscum PB27
    |--Cyllene Gray 1834 [Cylleninae] BR05
    |    |--*C. owenii Gray 1834 BR17
    |    |--C. cernohorskyi Fernandes & Rolán 1992 BC01
    |    |--C. lactea Adams & Angas 1863 H09
    |    |--C. pulchella Adams & Reeve 1850 H09
    |    `--C. rubrolineata Sowerby 1870 MG-H11
    |--Phos Montfort 1810 BR05 [Phosina, Photinae BR17]
    |    |--*P. senticosus (Linnaeus 1758) [=Murex senticosus] BR17
    |    |--P. gaudens C64
    |    |--P. ordinarius A27
    |    |--P. roseatus (Hinds 1844) MG-H11
    |    |--P. rufocinctus Adams 1850 H09
    |    |--P. scalaroides Adams 1851 H09
    |    |--P. sculptilis Watson 1886 MG-H11
    |    |--P. spinicostatus Adams 1851 H09
    |    `--P. textum (Gmelin 1791) [=Buccinum textum] H09
    `--Nassariinae BR05
         |--Arcularia BR05
         |--Nassarius BD12
         |--Alectrion BR05
         |--‘Nassa’ Lamarck 1799 non Röding 1798 BR05
         |    `--*N. mutabilis (Linnaeus 1758) [=Buccinum mutabile] BR17
         |--‘Cyclops’ Montfort 1810 non Müller 1776 [Cyclopsidae] BR05
         |    `--*C. asterizans Montfort 1810 BR17
         |--Ilyanassa Stimpson 1865 O27
         |    `--I. obsoleta (Say 1822) SS07 [=Alectrion obsoletus O27, Nassarius obsoletus SML68]
         `--Cyclonassa Swainson 1840 [Cyclonassinae] BR05
              |--*C. neritea (Linnaeus 1758) [=Buccinum neriteum] BR17
              `--C. donovani PP64

Nassariidae incertae sedis:
  Parcanassa Iredale 1936 WG71
    `--P. pauperata Lamarck 1822 WG71
  Zeuxis Adams 1852 [incl. Venassa v. Martens 1881] C75
    |--Z. dorsatus Röding 1798 WG71
    |--‘Nassa (*Venassa)’ pulvinaris v. Martens 1881 [=Nassarius (*V.) pulvinaris] C75
    |--Z. sinarus (Philippi 1851) [=Nassarius (Zeuxis) sinarus] ZC10
    `--Z. siquijorensis ZLK11
  Plicarcularia Thiele 1929 WG71
    |--P. granifera Kiener 1834 WG71
    `--P. thersites Bruguière 1789 WG71
  Niotha Adams & Adams 1853 WG71
    |--N. bicolor Hombron & Jacquinot 1853 WG71
    |--N. gemmulata Lamarck 1822 WG71
    `--N. pyrrhus Menke 1843 WG71
  Nanina Risso 1826 BR05
    |--N. (Acusta) assimilis Adams 1866 A66a
    |--N. sieboldtiana A66a
    `--N. sulfurata C84
  Hebra horrida (Dunker 1847) BW09
  Nassodonta Adams 1866 S11, A66b
    |--*N. insignis Adams 1866 A66b
    `--N. dorri (Watteblet 1886) S11
  Radulphus Iredale 1924 P61
    |--*R. royanus P61
    `--R. necopinatus Finlay 1930 P61
  Spharonassa JB12
  Sudonassarius JB12
  Psilarius Woodring 1964 [=Leptarius Woodring 1964 non Gill 1864] W64
    `--*P. leptus (Woodring 1964) [=*Leptarius leptus] W64

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A66a] Adams, H. 1866a. Descriptions of fifteen new species of land and freshwater shells from Formosa, collected by Robert Swinhoe, Esq., consul at Taiwan in that island. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 316–319.

[A66b] Adams, H. 1866b. Descriptions of six new species of shells, and note on Opisthostoma de-Crespignii. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 445–447.

[A27] Allan, R. S. 1927. The geology and palaeontology of the Lower Waihao Basin, south Canterbury, New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 57: 265-309.

[BD12] Bandel, K., & D. T. Dockery III. 2012. Protoconch characters of Late Cretaceous Latrogastropoda (Neogastropoda and Neomesogastropoda) as an aid in the reconstruction of the phylogeny of the Neogastropoda. Freiberger Forschungshefte C542 (psf 20): 93–128.

[BR05] Bouchet, P., & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47 (1–2): 1–397.

[BR17] Bouchet, P., J.-P. Rocroi, B. Hausdorf, A. Kaim, Y. Kano, A. Nützel, P. Parkhaev, M. Schrödl & E. E. Strong. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61 (1–2): 1–526.

[BC01] Boyko, C. B., & J. R. Cordeiro. 2001. Catalog of Recent type specimens in the Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. V. Mollusca, part 2 (class Gastropoda [exclusive of Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata], with supplements to Gastropoda [Opisthobranchia], and Bivalvia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 262: 1–170.

[BW09] Bryce, C., & C. Whisson. 2009. The macromolluscs of Mermaid (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reefs, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77: 177–208.

[C84] Cain, A. J. 1984. Heterosematism in snails. Malacologia 25 (1): 161–172.

[C75] Cernohorsky, W. O. 1975. The taxonomy of some Indo-Pacific Mollusca. Part 3. With descriptions of new taxa and remarks on an Ecuadorian fossil species of Turridae. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 12: 213–234.

[C64] Carpenter, P. P. 1864. Supplementary report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the west coast of North America. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 33: 517–686.

[C60] Cox, L. R. 1960. Gastropoda: general characteristics of Gastropoda. In: Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt I. Mollusca 1: Mollusca—General Features, Scaphopoda, Amphineura, Monoplacophora, Gastropoda—General Features, Archaeogastropoda and some (mainly Paleozoic) Caenogastropoda and Opisthobranchia pp. I84–I169. Geological Society of America, and University of Kansas Press.

[G88] Gray, J. 1988. Evolution of the freshwater ecosystem: the fossil record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 62: 1–214.

[H09] Hedley, C. 1909. The Marine Fauna of Queensland: Address by the President of Section D. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science: Brisbane.

[HJ08] Huisman, J. M., D. S. Jones, F. E. Wells & T. Burton. 2008. Introduced marine biota in Western Australian waters. Records of the Western Australian Museum 25 (1): 1–44.

[JB12] Johnson, M. E., & B. G. Baarli. 2012. Development of intertidal biotas through Phanerozoic time. In: Talent, J. A. (ed.) Earth and Life: Global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time pp. 63–128. Springer.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[O27] Oldroyd, I. S. 1927. The Marine Shells of the West Coast of North America vol. 2 pt 1. Stanford University Press: Stanford University (California).

[PP64] Peres, J. M., & J. Picard. 1964. Nouveau manuel de bionomie benthique de la mer Mediterranee. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, Bulletin 31 (27): 5–137.

[PB27] Pilsbry, H. A., & J. Bequaert. 1927. The aquatic mollusks of the Belgian Congo, with a geographical and ecological account of Congo malacology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 53 (2): 69–602, pls 10–77.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4^th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[SML68] Schaefer, C. W., P. Milch & N. L. Levin. 1968. Death from desiccation in the mud-snail, Nassarius obsoletus: effect of temperature. Nautilus 81 (4): 109–114.

[S11] Simone, L. R. L. 2011. Phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda (Mollusca), based on comparative morphology. Arquivos de Zoologia 42 (4): 161–323.

[SS07] Struck, T. H., N. Schutt, T. Kusen, E. Hickman, C. Bleidorn, D. McHugh & K. M. Halanych. 2007. Annelid phylogeny and the status of Sipuncula and Echiura. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7: 57.

[WG71] Wilson, B. R., & K. Gillett. 1971. Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in Australian waters. A. H. & A. W. Reed: Sydney.

[W64] Woodring, W. P. 1964. Psilarius, new name for Leptarius Woodring, 1964 not Leptarius Gill, 1864 (Gastropoda, Nassariidae). Nautilus 77 (4): 143.

[ZC10] Zhang, S., & Z. Chen. 2010. Species composition and faunal characteristics of Buccinacea (Mollusca, Gastropdoa) of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. In: China-Russia Bilateral Symposium: Proceedings of the China-Russia Bilateral Symposium of "Comparison on Marine Biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific Ocean", 10–11 October 2010, Qingdao (China) pp. 117–118. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

[ZLK11] Zou, S., Q. Li & L. Kong. 2011. Additional gene data and increased sampling give new insights into the phylogenetic relationships of Neogastropoda, within the caenogastropod phylogenetic framework. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61: 425–435.

Last updated: 2 October 2021.