Phacopida

Eccoptochile mariana, from the American Museum of Natural History.

Belongs within: Ptychopariida.
Contains: Sphaerexochinae, Pilekiinae, Cheirurinae.

The Phacopida are a group of trilobites known from the Ordovician to the Devonian. Most members of this group are distinguished by the possession of proparian facial sutures, with the suture emerging in front of the genal angle. They are divided between the Phacopina, with a broadly anteriorly expanded glabella and schizochroal eyes, and the Cheirurina, with four pairs of glabellar furrows, small holochroal eyes and a spiny pygidium (Prothero 1998).

<==Phacopida
    |--Phacopina P98
    |    |--Greenops P98
    |    `--Phacops P98
    |         |--P. crosslei Etheridge & Mitchell 1895 F71
    |         |--P. latifrons H04
    |         |--P. latigenalis Etheridge & Mitchell 1895 F71
    |         |--P. longicaudatus M87
    |         |--P. macdonaldi Fletcher 1950 F71
    |         |--P. rana P98
    |         `--P. serratus F71
    `--Cheiruroidea [Cheirurina] P98
         |--Pliomeridae PVP85
         |    |  i. s.: Emsurella Rosova 1960 PVP85
         |    |           `--E. humilla Rosova 1960 PVP85
         |    |         Pseudocybele nasuta FO99, J79
         |    |         Pliomerellus Chugaeva 1973 PVP85
         |    `--Protopliomeropinae PVP85
         |         |--Protopliomerops Kobayashi 1934 PVP85
         |         `--Rossaspis Harrington 1957 PVP85
         |              `--R. superciliosa J79
         `--Cheiruridae PVP85
              |  i. s.: Krattaspis Öpik 1937 PVP85
              |--Sphaerexochinae PVP85
              |--+--Pilekiinae PVP85
              |  `--Cheirurinae PVP85
              `--Eccoptochilinae PVP85
                   |--Foulonia Přibyl & Vaněk in Přibyl, Vaněk & Pek 1985 PVP85
                   |    `--*F. peregrina (Dean 1966) [=Ceraurinella peregrinus] PVP85
                   |--Eccoptochiloides Prantl & Přibyl 1947 PVP85
                   |    |--E. scuticauda (Barrande 1846) [incl. *E. tumescens (Barrande 1852)] PVP85
                   |    |--E. henryi Přibyl, Vaněk & Pek 1985 PVP85
                   |    `--E. octacantha (Angelin 1854) PVP85
                   |--Placoparina Whittard 1940 PVP85
                   |    `--*P. sedgwickii (McCoy 1849) PVP85
                   |         |--P. s. sedgwickii PVP85
                   |         `--P. s. shelvensis Hughes 1969 PVP85
                   `--Eccoptochile Hawle & Corda 1847 PVP85
                        |--*E. clavigera (Beyrich 1845) PVP85
                        |--E. almadenensis Romano 1980 PVP85
                        |--E. impedita Hammann 1972 PVP85
                        |--E. mariana (Verneuil & Barrande 1855) PVP85
                        |--E. perlata Hawle & Corda 1847 PVP85
                        |--E. quillieri (Tromelin in Guillier 1873) PVP85
                        `--E. scrobiculata (Angelin 1854) PVP85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.

[FO99] Fortey, R. A. & R. M. Owens. 1999. Feeding habits in trilobites. Palaeontology 42 (3): 429–465.

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[J79] Jaanusson, V. 1979. Ordovician. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A136–A166. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[M87] Mitchell, J. 1887. Notes on the geology of Bowning, N.S.W. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (4): 1193–1204.

[PVP85] Přibyl, A., J. Vaněk & I. Pek. 1985. Phylogeny and taxonomy of family Cheiruridae (Trilobita). Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas Rerum Naturalium Geographica-Geologica XXIV 83: 107–193.

[P98] Prothero, D. R. 1998. Bringing Fossils to Life: An introduction to paleobiology. WCB McGraw-Hill: Boston.