Sporidiobolus

Teliospores, basidia and basidiospores of Sporidiobolus salmonicolor; scale bar = 5 µm; photographed by J. P. Sampaio.

Belongs within: Microbotryomycetidae.
Contains: Rhodosporidium.

The Sporidiobolus clade includes red teliosporic yeasts.

Characters (from Statzell-Tallman & Fell 1998): Colony colour on solid media includes shades of pink and red due to the presence of carotenoid pigments. Vegetative reproduction by budding, formation of pseudomycelium and true mycelium, and by ballistoconidia. Ballistoconidia developing on simple and branched sterigmata that arise from yeast and mycelial cells. Septal structure consisting of a single pore. Sexual mechanisms homothallic and heterothallic. Heterothallic system with a dikaryotic mycelium resulting from conjugation of a compatible mating pair, clamp connection usually present at each cross wall, intercalary and terminal teliospores developing, karyogamy taking place in the teliospore (probasidium) which develops to form a metabasidium (promycelium), meiosis taking place during germination with formation of haploid basidiospores. Homothallism consisting of development of hyphae with teliospores from a single yeast cell in the absence of mating; yeast phase diploid, reduction division taking place with formation of a dikaryotic hypha with clamp connections; karyogamy occurring in teliospore; germination of teliospore resulting in a metabasidium with diploid basidiospores. Strains of some species forming teliospores on uninucleate hyphae lacking clamp connections (self-sporulation), nucleus ploidy unknown. Metabasidia one-celled (holometabasidia) or septate with two or more cells (phragmometabasidia); basidiospores terminal on holometabasidium, lateral and terminal on phragmometabasidium; metabasidium sometimes connected to teliospore by aseptate stalk ranging in length from 3 to 26 µm. Sugars not fermented, starch formation negative, Diazonium blue B and urease positive, xylose absent from cell hydrolysates, D-glucuronate and myo-inositol not assimilated. Coenzyme Q-10 present.

<==Sporidiobolus [anam. Sporobolomyces; Sporidiobolales]
    |--+--Rhodosporidium ZB03
    |  `--+--‘Rhodosporidium’ lusitaniae ZB03
    |     `--+--anam. Sporobolomyces poonsookiae ZB03
    |        `--+--‘Rhodosporidium’ azoricum SG03
    |           `--+--+--‘Rhodosporidium’ fluviale SG03
    |              |  `--S. microsporus ZB03
    |              `--+--S. ruineniae ZB03
    |                 `--+--anam. Sporobolomyces nylandii ZB03
    |                    `--anam. Sporobolomyces odoratus ZB03
    `--+--+--S. johnsonii ZB03
       |  `--S. salmonicolor ZB03
       `--+--+--anam. Sporobolomyces bannaensis Zhao, Bai et al. 2003 ZB03
          |  `--anam. Sporobolomyces blumae ZB03
          `--+--anam. *Sporobolomyces roseus ZB03
             `--+--anam. Sporobolomyces japonicus ZB03
                `--+--+--anam. Sporobolomyces phaffii ZB03
                   |  `--anam. Sporobolomyces ruberrimus ZB03
                   `--+--anam. Sporobolomyces carnicolor ZB03
                      `--+--S. pararoseus ZB03
                         `--+--anam. Sporobolomyces marcillae ZB03
                            `--anam. Sporobolomyces salmoneus ZB03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[SG03] Sampaio, J. P., M. Gadanho, R. Bauer & M. Weiss. 2003. Taxonomic studies in the Microbotryomycetidae: Leucosporidium golubevii sp. nov., Leucosporidiella gen. nov. and the new orders Leucosporidiales and Sporidiobolales. Mycological Progress 2 (1): 53-68.

Statzell-Tallman, A., & J. W. Fell. 1998. Sporidiobolus Nyland. In: Kurtzmann, C. P., & J. W. Fell (eds) The Yeasts: A Taxonomic Study, 4th ed, pp. 693-699. Elsevier.

[ZB03] Zhao, J.-H., F.-Y. Bai, Q.-M. Wang & J.-H. Jia. 2003. Sporobolomyces bannaensis, a novel ballistoconidium-forming yeast species in the Sporidiobolus lineage. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 2091-2093.