Crangonyctoidea

Pseudocrangonyx asiaticus, from Holsinger (1986).

Belongs within: Senticaudata.
Contains: Niphargus, Neoniphargidae, Paramelitidae, Crangonyx, Stygobromus, Synurella.

The Crangonyctoidea are a group of freshwater amphipods in which the first urosomite bears a distoventral robust seta (Lowry & Myers 2013). Many families in the group contain species living in hypogean (underground, i.e. caves or groundwater) habitats and some are entirely hypogean. The majority inhabit Gondwanan landmasses with the exception of the Holarctic Crangonyctidae and the Palaearctic Niphargidae and Pseudocrangonyctidae (Lowry & Myers 2013).

Crangonyctoidea [Niphargoidea]
    |--+--+--Sandro Karaman & Barnard 1979 [Sandroidae] LM13
    |  |  |    `--*S. starmuehlneri (Ruffo 1960) B83
    |  |  `--Austroniphargidae LM13
    |  |       |--Libertinia Iannilli, Krapp & Ruffo 2011 LM13
    |  |       |--Davidia Iannilli, Krapp & Ruffo 2011 LM13
    |  |       `--Austroniphargus Monod 1925 LM13
    |  |            |--*A. bryophilus (Monod 1925) B83 [=Niphargopsis bryophilus B77]
    |  |            |--A. petiti W86
    |  |            `--A. starmuehlneri Ruffo 1960 B77
    |  `--Niphargidae LM13
    |       |--Niphargus LM13
    |       |--Foroniphargus Karaman 1985 LM13
    |       |--Niphargopsis Chevreux 1922 LM13
    |       |    `--*N. casparyi (Pratz 1866) [=Niphargus casparyi] B77
    |       |--Microniphargus Schellenberg 1934 LM13
    |       |    `--*M. leruthi Schellenberg 1934 B77
    |       |--Pontoniphargus Dancau 1970 LM13
    |       |    `--*P. racovitzai Dancau 1970 B77
    |       |--Carinurella Sket 1971 LM13
    |       |    `--*C. paradoxa (Sket 1964) [=Niphargus paradoxa] B77
    |       |--Niphargobates Sket 1981 LM13
    |       |    `--N. orophobata Sket 1981 KR86
    |       |--Haploginglymus Mateus & Mateus 1958 LM13
    |       |    |--H. bragai Mateus & Mateus 1958 KR86
    |       |    `--H. lobatus Stock 1980 KR86
    |       `--Niphargellus Schellenberg 1938 LM13
    |            |--*N. arndti (Schellenberg 1933) B77, KR86 [=Niphargus arndti B77]
    |            |--N. glenniei (Spooner 1952) KR86
    |            `--N. nolli Schellenberg 1938 KR86
    `--+--+--+--Uronyctus Stock & Iliffe 1990 [Uronyctidae] LM13
       |  |  `--Giniphargus Williams & Barnard 1988 [Giniphargidae] LM13
       |  |       `--*G. pulchellus (Sayce 1900) B83, W86 [=Niphargus pulchellus W86]
       |  `--+--Kotumsaria Messouli, Holsinger & Reddy 2007 [Kotumsaridae] LM13
       |     `--Paracrangonyx Stebbing 1899 [Paracrangonyctidae] LM13
       |          `--*P. compactus (Chilton 1882) B83 [=Crangonyx compactus B77]
       `--+--Chillagoe Barnard & Williams 1995 [Chillagoeidae] LM13
          `--+--+--Neoniphargidae LM13
             |  `--+--Paramelitidae LM13
             |     `--Perthia Straškraba 1964 [Perthiidae] LM13
             |          |--*P. branchialis (Nicholls 1924) [=Neoniphargus branchialis] B77
             |          `--P. acutitelson TJ06
             `--+--Sternophysinx Holsinger & Straškraba 1973 [Sternophysingidae] LM13
                |    |--*S. robertsi (Methuen 1911) B83, W86 [=Eucrangonyx robertsi B77]
                |    |--S. alca Griffiths 1981 W86
                |    `--S. filaris Holsinger & Straskraba 1973 W86
                `--+--Pseudocrangonyctidae LM13
                   |    |--Procrangonyx Schellenberg 1934 LM13 [=Eocrangonyx Schellenberg 1937 B83]
                   |    |    `--*P. japonicus (Ueno 1930) [=Eucrangonyx japonicus, *Eocrangonyx japonicus] H86
                   |    `--Pseudocrangonyx Akatsuka & Komai 1922 LM13 [incl. Niphargonyx Derzhavin 1927 H86]
                   |         |--*P. yezonis Akatsuko & Komai 1922 B83
                   |         |--P. asiaticus Ueno 1934 H86
                   |         |--P. bohaensis (Derzhavin 1927) [=*Niphargonyx bohaensis] H86
                   |         |--P. camtschaticus Birstein 1955 H86
                   |         |--P. coreanus Ueno 1966 H86
                   |         |--P. kyotonis Akatsuka & Komai 1922 H86
                   |         |--P. levanidovi Birstein 1955 H86
                   |         |--P. manchuricus Oguro 1938 H86
                   |         `--P. shikokunis Akatsuka & Komai 1922 H86
                   `--Crangonyctidae LM13
                        |--Crangonyx LM13
                        |--Stygobromus LM13
                        |--Synurella LM13
                        |--Pachypodacrangonyx Boutin & Coineau 1987 LM13
                        |--Stygonyx Bousfield & Holsinger 1989 LM13
                        |--Lyurella Derzhavin 1939 LM13
                        |    `--*L. hyrcana Derzhavin 1939 B77
                        |--Stygonectes Hay 1902 B77
                        |    `--*S. flagellatus Benedict 1896 B77
                        |--Bactrurus Hay 1902 LM13
                        |    |--*B. mucronatus (Forbes 1876) B77, H86 [=Eucrangonyx mucronatus B77]
                        |    |--B. brachycaudus Hubricht & Mackin 1940 H86
                        |    `--B. hubrichti Shoemaker 1945 H86
                        `--Palaeogammarus Zaddach 1864 H86, B77
                             |--*P. sambiensis Zaddach 1864 B77
                             |--P. balticus Lucks 1928 BWW93
                             |--P. danicus Just 1974 BWW93
                             `--P. sambiensis Zaddach 1864 BWW93

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B77] Bousfield, E. L. 1977. A new look at the systematics of gammaroidean amphipods of the world. Crustaceana Suppl. 4: 282–316.

[B83] Bousfield, E. L. 1983. An updated phyletic classification and palaeohistory of the Amphipoda. In: Schram, F. R. (ed.) Crustacean Phylogeny pp. 257–277. A. A. Balkema.

[BWW93] Briggs, D. E. G., M. J. Weedon & M. A. Whyte. 1993. Arthropoda (Crustacea excluding Ostracoda). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 321–342. Chapman & Hall: London.

[H86] Holsinger, J. R. 1986. Holarctic crangonyctid amphipods. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 535–549. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[KR86] Karaman, G. S., & S. Ruffo. 1986. Amphipoda: Niphargus-group (Niphargidae sensu Bousfield, 1982). In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 514–534. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[LM13] Lowry, J. K., & A. A. Myers. 2013. A phylogeny and classification of the Senticaudata subord. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Zootaxa 3610: 1–80.

[W86] Williams, W. D. 1986. Amphipoda on land-masses derived from Gondwana. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 553–559. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

Last updated: 7 March 2022.