Brachyura

Bathynectes piperitus, from Bienhold et al. (2013).

Belongs within: Reptantia.
Contains: Raninoida, Dromioidea, Homoloidea, Homolodromioidea, Heterotremata, Pinnotheridae, Grapsoidea, Ocypodoidea.

The Brachyura are the true crabs, a group of decapods in which the reduced abdomen is held to the underside of the sternum. Basal relationships within the Brachyura have been contentious. Some authors have supported a division between the Podotremata, in which both males and females possess coxal gonopores, and the Eubrachyura, in which at least the females possess sternal gonopores. However, monophyly of the Podotremata is uncertain, and they may be paraphyletic to the Eubrachyura. Within the Eubrachyura, members of the group Thoracotremata have sternal gonopores in both males and females.

Synapomorphies (from Dixon et al. 2003): Orbito-antennularis fossa present, formed by carapace and one or more antennae; third maxillipedes operculiform; uropods absent; telson without any specialization for escape or digging. Posterior edge of carapace straight, second pleomere not expanded. First and second male pleopods arranged so that the second pleopod passes through the first, the two collectively forming a single gonopod.

<==Brachyura [Brachyuri]
    |--Podotremata GT01
    |    |  i. s.: Eocarcinus Withers 1932 [Eocarcinidae] GT01
    |    |           `--E. praecursor Withers 1932 GT01
    |    |--Raninoida GT01
    |    `--Dromiacea GT01
    |         |--Dromioidea MD01
    |         |--Homoloidea MD01
    |         `--Homolodromioidea MD01
    `--Eubrachyura [Brachygnatha, Brachyrhyncha] GT01
         |  i. s.: ‘Xanthosia’ robertsi Secretan 1982 GT01
         |         Falconoplax van Straelen 1933 GT01
         |         Zanthopsis leachii Desmarest 1822 [=Xanthopsis leachii] GT01
         |--Heterotremata GT01
         `--Thoracotremata MD01
              |--Pinnotheridae MD01
              |--Grapsoidea MD01
              `--Ocypodoidea MD01

Brachyura incertae sedis:
  Dromiopsis Reuss 1859 GT01
  Paraxanthosia Müller & Collins 1991 GT01
  Diaulax Bell 1863 [Diaulacidae] GT01
  Raninoides bouvieri Capart 1951 DAS03
  Microcassiope PB06
    |--M. minor (Dana 1852) KK03
    `--M. xantusii (Stimpson 1871) PB06
  Dacryopilumnus [Dacryopilumnidae] TSH09
    `--D. rathbunae Balss 1932 TSH09
  Ethusidae MG-H11
    |--Ethusa mascarone (Herbst 1785) KK03
    `--Ethusina MG-H11
  Hypothalassia [Hypothalassiidae] MG-H11
    `--H. acerba Koh & Ng 2000 MG-H11
  Mathildellidae MG-H11
    |--Mathildella serrata (Sakai 1974) MG-H11
    `--Neopilumnoplax nieli Ahyong 2008 MG-H11
  Iphiculus [Iphiculidae] MG-H11
    `--I. spongiosus Adams & White 1848 MG-H11
  Halimus diacanthus B64
  Chasmagnathus B64
    |--C. laevis B64
    `--C. subquadratus B64
  Megametope rotundifrons B64
  Ruppellioides convexus B64
  Heteropanope serratifrons Kinahan 1856 B64
  Bathynectes KK03
    |--B. longipes (Risso 1816) KK03
    |--B. maravigna (Prestandrea 1839) KK03
    `--B. piperitus K-MC02
  Eucrate crenata (De Haan 1835) KK03
  Eurynome aspera (Pennant 1777) KK03
  Herbstia condyliata (Fabricius 1787) KK03
  Ilia nucleus (Linnaeus 1758) KK03
  Ixa monodi Holthuis & Gottlieb 1956 KK03
  Medorippe lanata (Linnaeus 1767) KK03
  Nepinnotheres pinnotheres (Linnaeus 1758) KK03
  Paractea monodi Guinot 1969 KK03
  Pirimela denticulata (Montagu 1808) KK03
  Portumnus latipes (Pennant 1777) KK03
  Sirpus zariquieyi Gordon 1953 KK03
  Xaiva biguttata (Risso 1816) KK03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B64] Bennett, E. W. 1964. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Crustacea Brachyura. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin 153: 1–120.

[DAS03] Dixon, C. J., S. T. Ahyong & F. R. Schram. 2003. A new hypothesis of decapod phylogeny. Crustaceana 76: 935–975.

[GT01] Guinot, D., & M. Tavares. 2001. Une nouvelle famille de crabes du Crétacé, et la notion de Podotremata Guinot, 1977 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). Zoosystema 23 (3): 507–546.

[K-MC02] Klein-MacPhee, G., & B. B. Collette. 2002. Scorpionfishes. Family Scorpaenidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3^rd ed. pp. 331–338. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.

[KK03] Kocataş, A., & T. Katağan. 2003. The decapod crustacean fauna of the Turkish seas. Zoology in the Middle East 29: 63–74.

[MD01] Martin, J. W., & G. E. Davis. 2001. An updated classification of the Recent Crustacea. Natural History Museum Los Angeles County, Science Series 39: 1–124.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O'Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[PB06] Poupin, J., & J. M. Bouchard. 2006. The eastern Pacific species of the genus Calcinus Dana, 1851, with description of a new species from Clipperton Island (Decapoda, Anomura, Diogenidae). Zoosystema 28 (2): 465–486.

[TSH09] Titelius, M. A., A. Sampey & C. G. Hass. 2009. Crustaceans of Mermaid (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reefs, north Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 77: 145–176.