Pseudomelatomidae

Leucosyrinx subgrundifera, copyright Worldwide Conchology.


Belongs within: Conoidea.
Contains: Antiplanes, Epideira, Megasurcula, Austrotoma, Compsodrillia, Lioglyphostoma, Comitas, Knefastia, Pseudomelatoma, Carinodrillia, Inquisitor, Crassispira (Crassispira).

The Pseudomelatomidae is a diverse group of conoid gastropods, usually with well developed spiral and axial sculpture (Bouchet et al. 2011).

Characters (from Bouchet et al. 2011): Shell small to rather large, 15–100 mm high, claviform to fusiform. Spiral and axial sculpture generally well developed, often strong. Subsutural fold often present. Anal sinus on subsutural ramp, usually moderately deep to very deep, often constrained by callus rendering anal sinus subtubular. Protoconch usually paucispiral, sometimes multispiral, with up to three whorls, smooth or sometimes axially or spirally sculptured on later whorls. Operculum with terminal nucleus. Radula very variable; radular formula 1-(1-R-1)-1, 1-1-0-1-1, 1-0-R-0-1 or 1-0-0-0-1.

<==Pseudomelatomidae [Crassispirinae, Pseudomelatominae, Zonulispirinae] PK11
    |--Leucosyrinx Dall 1889 PK11, P66
    |    |--*L. verrilli (Dall 1881) (see below for synonymy) BW80
    |    |--L. amycus Dall 1919 O27
    |    |--L. caecilia Thiele 1925 P66
    |    |--L. elsa Thiele 1925 P66
    |    |--L. erna Thiele 1925 P66
    |    |--L. falklandica Powell 1951 P66
    |    |--L. galapagana Dall 1919 D19
    |    |--L. iwaensis MacNeil 1960 P66
    |    |--L. julia Thiele 1925 P66
    |    |--L. kincaidi Dall 1919 O27
    |    |--L. macrobertsoni Powell 1958 P66
    |    |--L. mawsoni Powell 1958 P66
    |    |--L. paragenota Powell 1951 P66
    |    |--L. pikei (Dell 1963) [=Waitara pikei] P66
    |    |--L. sansibarica Thiele 1925 P66
    |    |--L. subgrundifera (Dall 1888) [=Pleurotoma subgrundifera] P66
    |    |--L. suratensis (Thiele 1925) [=Surcula suratensis] P66
    |    `--L. tenoceras Dall 1889 P66
    `--+--+--Comitas PK11
       |  `--Knefastia PK11
       `--+--+--Pseudomelatoma PK1
          |  `--Tiariturris Berry 1958 PK11, BK11
          |       `--*T. spectabilis Berry 1958 P66
          `--+--Otitoma Jousseaume 1898 PK11, BK11 [incl. Thelecytharella Shuto 1969 BK11]
             |    `--*O. ottitoma Jousseaume 1898 [=Raphitoma ottitoma] P66
             `--+--Carinodrillia PK11
                |--+--Pyrgospira McLean 1971 PK11, BK11
                |  |    |--P. aenone (Dall 1919) BK11
                |  |    `--P. obeliscus (Reeve 1843) PP78
                |  `--+--Zonulispira Bartsch 1950 PK11, BK11
                |     |    |--*Z. zonulata (Reeve 1843) [=Pleurotoma zonulata, Crassispira (*Zonulispira) zonulata] P66
                |     |    |--Z. chrysochildosa Shasky 1971 BC01
                |     |    `--Z. reigeni Bartsch 1950 [=Crassispira (Zonulispira) reigeni] P66
                |     `--Pilsbryspira McLean 1971 PK11, BK11
                |          |  i. s.: P. albomaculata (Orbigny 1842) S11
                |          |         P. garciacubasi Shasky 1971 BC01
                |          |         P. jayana (Adams 1850) PK11
                |          |         P. leucocyma (Dall 1883) M75 (see below for synonymy)
                |          |--*P. (Pilsbryspira) pilsbryi Bartsch 1950 [=Crassispira (*P.) pilsbryi] P66
                |          `--P. (Nymphispira McLean 1971) BK11
                `--+--Hindsiclava Hertlein & Strong 1955 [incl. Turrigemma Berry 1958] BK11
                   |    |--*H. militaris (Hinds 1843) [=Clavatula militaris] P66
                   |    |--H. alesidota (Dall 1889) BK11
                   |    |--H. andromeda (Dall 1919) [=Clathrodrillia andromeda] P66
                   |    |--H. dotella (Hinds 1843) [=Turris (Surcula) dotella] P66
                   |    |--H. hertleini Emerson & Radwin 1969 BC01
                   |    `--*Turrigemma’ torquifer Berry 1958 P66
                   `--+--+--Cheungbeia Taylor & Wells 1994 PK11, BK11
                      |  |    `--C. robusta (Hinds 1839) BK11
                      |  `--Funa Kilburn 1988 PK11, BK11
                      |       `--F. incerta (Smith 1877) BK11
                      `--+--Inquisitor PK11
                         `--+--Ptychobela Thiele 1925 BK11 (see below for synonymy)
                            |    |--*P. crenularis (Lamarck 1816) (see below for synonymy) P66
                            |    |--P. flavidula (Lamarck 1822) MG-H11 (see below for synonymy)
                            |    |--‘Pleurotoma’ stromboides Sowerby 1832 (n. d.) (see below for synonymy) P66
                            |    |--‘Pleurotoma’ sumatrensis Petit 1852 [=Brachytoma sumatrensis] P66
                            |    `--P. suturalis (Gray 1838) BK11
                            `--Crassispira Swainson 1840 PK11, BK11
                                 |  i. s.: C. funebralis Fernandes, Rolán & Otero-Schmitt 1995 BC01
                                 |         C. monilecosta Fernandes, Rolán & Otero-Schmitt 1995 BC01
                                 |         C. oliva Fernandes, Rolán & Otero-Schmitt 1995 BC01
                                 |         C. pini Fernandes, Rolán & Otero-Schmitt 1995 BC01
                                 |         C. quadrilirata (Smith 1882) BK11
                                 |         C. sacerdotalis Rolán & Fernandes 1992 BC01
                                 |--C. (Crassispira) P66
                                 `--C. (Crassispirella Bartsch & Rehder 1939) P66
                                      |--C. (*C.) rugitecta (Dall 1918) P66 [=Turris (Crassispira) rugitecta D19]
                                      |--C. (C.) ebenina (Dall 1890) [=Drillia ebenina] P66
                                      |--C. (C.) fuscescens (Reeve 1843) [=Pleurotoma fuscescens] P66
                                      |--C. (C.) hadromeres (Melvill 1927) [=Melatoma hadromeres] P66
                                      |--C. (C.) nigrescens (Adams 1845) [=Pleurotoma nigrescens] P66
                                      |--C. (C.) sanibelensis Bartsch & Rehder 1939 P66
                                      `--C. (C.) tampaensis Bartsch & Rehder 1939 P66

Pseudomelatomidae incertae sedis:
  Antiplanes BK11
  Epideira BK11
  Megasurcula BK11
  Naudedrillia Kilburn 1988 BK11
  Abyssocomitas Sysoev & Kantor 1986 BK11
  Aguilaria Taylor & Wells 1994 BK11
  Austrotoma BK11
  Calcatodrilla Dall 1919 BK11
  Compsodrillia BK11
  Cretaspira Kuroda & Oyama in Kuroda, Habe & Oyama 1971 BK11
  Gibbaspira McLean 1971 BK11
  Glossispira McLean 1971 BK11
  Kurodadrillia Azuma 1975 BK11
  Lioglyphostoma BK11
  Lioglyphostomella Shuto 1970 BK11
  Megittia Ray 1977 BK11
  Pseudotaranis McLean 1995 BK11
  Crassiclava McLean 1971 BK11
    `--C. turricula (Sowerby 1834) BK11
  Conorbela Powell 1951 BK11
    `--*C. antarctica (Strebel 1908) [=Bela antarctica] P66
  Plicisyrinx Sysoev & Kantor 1986 BK11
    `--P. vitjazi Sysoev & Kantor 1986 BK11
  Maesiella McLean 1971 BK11
    `--M. maesae McLean & Poorman 1971 BK11
  Kurilohadalia Sysoev & Kantor 1986 BK11
    `--K. elongata Sysoev & Kantor 1986 BK11
  Anticomitas Powell 1942 BK11
    `--*A. vivens Powell 1942 P66
  Benthodaphne Oyama 1962 BK11
    `--*B. glabra (Yokoyama 1920) [=Pleurotoma (Bela) glabra] P66
  Conticosta Laseron 1954 BK11
    `--*C. petilinus (Hedley 1922) [=Inquisitor petilinus] P66
  Doxospira McLean 1971 BK11
    `--D. hertleini Shasky 1971 BC01
  Hormospira Berry 1958 BK11
    |--*H. maculosa (Sowerby 1834) [=Pleurotoma maculosa] P66
    `--H. libya (Dall 1919) [=Turricula libya] P66
  Burchia Bartsch 1944 BK11
    |--*B. redondoensis (Burch 1938) (see below for synonymy) P66
    `--B. clionella (Dall 1908) [=Leucosyrinx clionella, Crassispira (Burchia) clionella] P66
  Buridrillia Olsson 1942 BK11
    |--*B. panarica (Olsson 1942) [=Clathrodrillia (*Buridrillia) panarica] P66
    `--B. deroyorum Emerson & McLean 1992 BC01
  Carinoturris Bartsch 1944 BK11
    |--*C. adrastia (Dall 1919) [=Cryptogemma adrastia] P66
    |--C. fortis Bartsch 1944 P66
    `--C. polycaste (Dall 1919) [=Cryptogemma polycaste] P66
  Dallspira Bartsch 1950 BK11
    |--*D. dalli Bartsch 1950 [=Crassispira (*Dallspira) dalli] P66
    |--D. bifurca (Smith 1888) [=Crassispira (Dallspira) bifurca] PP78
    |--D. lowei Bartsch 1950 [=Crassispira (Dallspira) lowei] P66
    `--D. martiae (McLean & Poorman 1971) [=Crassispira (Dallspira) martiae] BC01
  Rhodopetoma Bartsch 1944 BK11
    |--*R. rhodope (Dall 1919) [=Borsonella rhodope] P66
    |--R. akkeshiensis Habe 1958 P66
    |--R. amycus (Dall 1919) [=Antiplanes amycus] P66
    `--‘Pleurotoma (Clavatula)’ erosa Schrenck 1867 P66
  Viridrillia Bartsch 1943 [incl. Viridrillina Bartsch 1943] BK11
    |--*V. williami Bartsch 1943 P66
    |--V. bahamensis Bartsch 1943 P66
    |--V. cervina Bartsch 1943 P66
    `--V. hendersoni Bartsch 1943 [=V. (*Viridrillina) hendersoni] P66
  Miraclathurella Woodring 1928 BK11
    |--*M. vittata Woodring 1928 [=Euclathurella (*Miraclathurella) vittata] P66
    |--M. amica (Pilsbry & Johnson 1917) [=Clathurella amica, Euclathurella (Miraclathurella) amica] P66
    |--M. entemna Woodring 1928 [=Euclathurella (Miraclathurella) entemna] P66
    |--M. gracilis (Gabb 1873) [=Defrancia gracilis, Euclathurella (Miraclathurella) gracilis] P66
    `--M. subconsors (Bose 1910) (see below for synonymy) P66
  Striospira Bartch 1950 BK11
    |--*S. lucasensis (Bartsch 1950) [=Crassispira (*Striospira) lucasensis] P66
    |--S. cortezi Shasky & Campbell 1964 [=Crassispira (Striospira) cortezi] P66
    |--S. luctuosa (Hinds 1843) [=Pleurotoma luctuosa, Crassispira (Striospira) luctuosa] P66
    |--S. tabogaensis Bartsch 1950 [=Crassispira (Striospira) tabogaensis] P66
    `--S. unicolor (Sowerby 1834) [=Pleurotoma unicolor, Crassispira (Striospira) unicolor] P66
  Monilispira Bartsch & Rehder 1939 BK11
    |--*M. monilis Bartsch & Rehder 1939 [=Crassispira (*Monilispira) monilis] P66
    |--M. archeri Fargo 1953 [=Crassispira (Monilispira) archeri] P66
    |--M. bandata (Usticke 1969) [=Psarostola bandata] BC01
    |--M. monilifera (Carpenter 1856) [=Drillia monilifera, Crassispira (Monilispira) monilifera] P66
    |--M. nephele (Dall 1919) [=Crassispira (Monilispira) nephele] P66
    `--M. ochsneri Hertlein & Strong 1949 (see below for synonymy) P66
  Antimelatoma Powell 1942 BK11
    |--A. buchanani (Hutton 1873) [=Pleurotoma buchanani] P66
    |    |--A. b. buchanani P66
    |    `--*A. b. maorum (Smith 1877) [=Drillia maorum] P66
    |--A. ahiparana Powell 1942 P66
    |--A. benthicola Powell 1942 P66
    `--A. canyonensis Dell 1956 P66
  Paracomitas Powell 1942 BK11
    |--*P. castlecliffensis (Marshall & Murdoch 1919) [=Surcula castlecliffensis] P66
    |--P. augusta (Murdoch & Suter 1906) [=Pleurotoma (Leucosyrinx) augusta] P66
    |    |--P. a. augusta P61
    |    `--P. a. powelli Dell 1956 P61
    |--P. gemmea (Murdoch 1900) [=Pleurotoma gemmea] P66
    |--P. gypsata (Watson 1881) [=Pleurotoma (Drillia) gypsata] P66
    |--P. protransenna (Marshall & Murdoch 1923) [=Surcula protransenna] P66
    `--P. rodgersi MacNeil 1960 P66

*Burchia redondoensis (Burch 1938) [=Pseudomelatoma semiinflata redondoensis, Crassispira (*Burchia) redondoensis] P66

*Leucosyrinx verrilli (Dall 1881) [=Pleurotoma (Pleurotomella) verrilli; incl. P. talismani var. attenuata Locard 1897, P. talismani var. curta Locard 1897 nec P. formosa var. curta Locard 1897 nec P. leptoconchum var. curta Locard 1897, P. devestitum Locard 1897, P. talismani var. elongata Locard 1897 nec P. elongata Deshayes 1834 nec P. nebula elongata Jeffreys 1867, Surcula gradata Thiele 1925, Leucosyrinx janetae Bartsch 1934, Pleurotoma (Pleurotomella) sigsbeei Dall 1881, P. (Leucosyrinx) sigsbeei, P. talismani Locard 1897] BW80

Miraclathurella subconsors (Bose 1910) [=Pleurotoma (Drillia) subconsors, Euclathurella (Miraclathurella) subconsors] P66

Monilispira ochsneri Hertlein & Strong 1949 [=Crassispira (Monilispira) ochsneri; incl. Pleurotoma bicolor Sowerby 1834 non Risso 1826] P66

Pilsbryspira leucocyma (Dall 1883) M75 [=Drillia leucocyma P66, Crassispira (Monilispira) leucocyma M75]

‘Pleurotoma’ stromboides Sowerby 1832 (n. d.) [=Brachytoma stromboides, P. strombiformis Sowerby 1839, *B. strombiformis, *Strombina stromboides] P66

Ptychobela Thiele 1925 BK11 [incl. Brachytoma Swainson 1840 (n. d.) BK11, Strombina Gregorio 1890 nec Mörch 1852 P66; Brachytominae]

*Ptychobela crenularis (Lamarck 1816) [=Pleurotoma crenularis, Brachytoma crenularis, Clavatula crenularis, Inquisitor crenularis] P66

Ptychobela flavidula (Lamarck 1822) MG-H11 [=Pleurotoma flavidula P66, Brachytoma flavidula P66, Inquisitor flavidulus P66]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BK11] Bouchet, P., Y. I. Kantor, A. Sysoev & N. Puillandre. 2011. A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 273–308.

[BW80] Bouchet, P., & A. Waren. 1980. Revision of the north-east Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Turridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies Supplement 8: 1–119.

[BC01] Boyko, C. B., & J. R. Cordeiro. 2001. Catalog of Recent type specimens in the Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. V. Mollusca, part 2 (class Gastropoda [exclusive of Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata], with supplements to Gastropoda [Opisthobranchia], and Bivalvia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 262: 1–170.

[D19] Dall, W. H. 1919. Descriptions of new species of mollusks of the family Turritidae from the west coast of America and adjacent regions. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 56 (2288): 1–86, pls 1–24.

[M75] Maes, V. O. 1975. The genus Pilsbryspira: its position in history and the family Turridae. Bulletin of the American Malacological Union 1975: 60–61.

[MG-H11] McEnnulty, F. R., K. L. Gowlett-Holmes, A. Williams, F. Althaus, J. Fromont, G. C. B. Poore, T. D. O’Hara, L. Marsh, P. Kott, S. Slack-Smith, P. Alderslade & M. V. Kitahara. 2011. The deepwater megabenthic invertebrates on the western continental margin of Australia (100–1100 m depths): composition, distribution and novelty. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 80: 1–191.

[O27] Oldroyd, I. S. 1927. The Marine Shells of the West Coast of North America vol. II pt I. Stanford University Press: Stanford University (California).

[PP78] Poorman, F. L., & L. H. Poorman. 1978. Additional molluscan records from Bahía de Los Angeles, Baja California Norte. Veliger 20 (4): 369–374.

[P61] Powell, A. W. B. 1961. Shells of New Zealand: An illustrated handbook 4th ed. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited: Christchurch.

[P66] Powell, A. W. B. 1966. The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae: an evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with lists of characteristic species. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum 5: 1–184, pls 1–23.

[PK11] Puillandre, N., Y. I. Kantor, A. Sysoev, A. Couloux, C. Meyer, T. Rawlings, J. A. Todd & P. Bouchet. 2011. The dragon tamed? A molecular phylogeny of the Conoidea (Gastropoda). Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 259–272.

[S11] Simone, L. R. L. 2011. Phylogeny of the Caenogastropoda (Mollusca), based on comparative morphology. Arquivos de Zoologia 42 (4): 161–323.

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