Assamiidae

Dorsum of Erecella flava, from Roewer (1935).


Belongs within: Grassatores.
Contains: Irumuinae, Sidaminae, Assamiinae, Polycoryphinae, Dampetrinae, Selencinae, Trionyxellinae, Hypoxestinae, Metereca, Ereca, Chilon.

The Assamiidae are a family of short-legged harvestmen found in tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World.

Characters (from Santos & Prieto 2010): Prosomal shield with five processes on frontal border (central, two internal lateral and two lateral external or marginal); pedipalps not very long, tibia and tarsus dorsoventrally flattened and crossed one on another; penis with distally enlarged trunk (ventral lamina), sometimes bilobed, with variable envelope of membranes; glans cylindrical, subdistal, housing spiny or warty evaginable membrane in the shape of a funnel.

Assamiidae [Assamioidae]
    |--+--Selencinae SG11
    |  `--+--+--Arulla SG11
    |     |  `--Tarnus pulcher SG11
    |     `--+--Trionyxellinae SG11
    |        `--+--Hypoxestinae SG11
    |           `--+--Paktongius SG11
    |              `--Mysoreinae R35
    |                   |--Typestus Roewer 1935 R35
    |                   |    `--*T. sulcatus Roewer 1935 R35
    |                   |--Attakattius Roewer 1929 R35
    |                   |    `--A. spinifrons Roewer 1929 R35
    |                   `--Mysorea Roewer 1935 SG11, R35
    |                        |--*M. brevipus Roewer 1935 R35
    |                        `--M. thaiensis Suzuki 1985 SG11
    `--Erecinae [Tsadseinae] SP10
         |--Metereca SP10
         |--Ereca SP10
         |--Chilon SG11
         |--Valpara Roewer 1929 R35
         |    `--V. albitarsis Roewer 1929 R35
         |--Kukkala Roewer 1929 R35
         |    `--K. trispinifrons Roewer 1929 R35
         |--Mandaria Roewer 1935 SP10
         |    `--*M. caeca Roewer 1935 R35
         |--Merucola Roewer 1935 R35
         |    `--*M. granulatus Roewer 1935 [=M. granulata] R35
         |--Dodabetta Roewer 1929 R35
         |    `--D. conigera Roewer 1929 R35
         |--Djemia Roewer 1935 R35
         |    `--*D. cooperi Roewer 1935 R35
         |--Wintonia Roewer 1923 SP10
         |    `--*W. scabra Roewer 1923 R35
         |--Sacesphorus Thorell 1889 R35
         |    `--*S. maculatus Thorell 1889 T89
         |--Parapygoplus Roewer 1912 R35
         |    `--P. variatus (Thorell 1889) [=Pygoplus variatus] R35
         |--Irnia Roewer 1935 R35
         |    `--*I. scabra Roewer 1935 R35
         |--Bibundina Roewer 1935 SP10
         |    `--*B. pectinata Roewer 1935 R35
         |--Baeorix Thorell 1889 R35 [=Boeorix R23]
         |    `--*B. manducus Thorell 1889 T89 [=Boeorix manducus R23]
         |--Lepchana Roewer 1927 R35
         |    `--L. spinipalpis Roewer 1927 M77
         |--Eubaeorix Roewer 1912 R35 [=Euboeorix (l. c.) R23]
         |    `--E. gravelyi Roewer 1912 R35 [=Euboeorix (l. c.) gravelyi R23]
         |--Sijucavernicus Roewer 1923 R35
         |    `--S. kempi Roewer 1923 R35
         |--Fakoa Roewer 1923 SP10
         |    `--*F. spinulata (Roewer 1915) [=Acanthophrysella spinulata] S92
         |--Buemba Roewer 1935 R35
         |    `--*B. filipes Roewer 1935 R35
         |--Tetecus Roewer 1935 R35
         |    `--*T. tenuis Roewer 1935 R35
         |--Metapygoplus Roewer 1923 R35
         |    `--*M. intermedius (Loman 1892) [=Pygoplus intermedius] R35
         |--Gapotus Roewer 1935 R35
         |    `--*G. frontalis Roewer 1935 R35
         |--Vandarawella Roewer 1935 R35
         |    `--*V. bicolor Roewer 1935 R35
         |--Cereoides Roewer 1935 SP10
         |    `--*C. nebulosa (Sørensen 1896) [=Cerea nebulosa] R35
         |--Cereipes Roewer 1935 SP10
         |    `--*C. angusta (Roewer 1912) S92 [=Cerea angusta R35]
         |--Acanthophrysella Strand 1911 R35 [=Acanthophrys Loman 1902 non Milne Edwards 1865 R23]
         |    `--*A. pectinata (Loman 1902) S92 [=Acanthophrys pectinata R35]
         |--Anjolus Goodnight & Goodnight 1948 GG48
         |    `--*A. malkini Goodnight & Goodnight 1948 GG48
         |--Mbinia Santos & Prieto 2010 SP10
         |    `--*M. xenophora Santos & Prieto 2010 SP10
         |--Cardwella Roewer 1935 SP10
         |    `--*C. atar (Sørensen in Henriksen 1932) [=Wintonia atar, Dampetrus atar ms] R35
         |--Ivocoryphus Lawrence 1965 SP10
         |    `--*I. jezequeli Lawrence 1965 S92
         |--Neocoryphus Lawrence 1965 SP10
         |    `--*N. niger Lawrence 1965 S92
         |--Cereodiscus Roewer 1935 SP10
         |    `--*C. lesserti Roewer 1940 S92
         |--Ereala Roewer 1950 SP10 [incl. Faradjea Roewer 1950 S92]
         |    `--*E. armata Roewer 1950 [incl. Faradjea schoutedeni Roewer 1950] S92
         |--Eregonda Roewer 1950 SP10
         |    `--*E. tenuis Roewer 1950 S92
         |--Termitereca Roewer 1940 SP10
         |    `--*T. singularis Roewer 1940 S92
         |--Angolyppa Lawrence 1957 SP10
         |    `--*A. scabra Lawrence 1957 S92
         |--Angopygoplus Lawrence 1951 SP10
         |    `--*A. dentichelis Lawrence 1951 S92
         |--Montereca Lawrence 1962 L62
         |    `--*M. paucidens Lawrence 1962 S92
         |--Bundukia Lawrence 1962 L62
         |    `--*B. nigra Lawrence 1962 S92
         |--Roewereca Lawrence 1962 L62
         |    `--*R. tenebrosa Lawrence 1962 S92
         |--Neobaeorix Lawrence 1962 L62
         |    `--*N. cornuta Lawrence 1962 S92
         |--Aberdereca Goodnight & Goodnight 1959 L62, S92
         |    `--*A. parva Goodnight & Goodnight 1959 S92
         |--Erebalda Roewer 1940 L62, S92
         |    `--*E. cryptostigma Roewer 1940 S92
         |--Erecops Roewer 1940 L62, S92
         |    `--*E. multispina Roewer 1940 S92
         |--Kakontwea Roewer 1951 L62, S92
         |    `--*K. leleupi Roewer 1951 S92
         |--Lubudia Roewer 1951 L62, S92
         |    `--*L. leleupi Roewer 1951 S92
         |--Kasaina Lawrence 1957 L62, S92
         |    `--*K. scabra Lawrence 1957 S92
         |--Allereca Roewer 1961 L62, S92
         |    `--*A. ruandana Roewer 1961 S92
         |--Comereca Roewer 1961 L62, S92
         |    `--*C. rectipes Roewer 1961 S92
         |--Buniabia Roewer 1961 L62, S92
         |    `--*B. filipes Roewer 1961 S92
         |--Bambereca Kauri 1985 K85
         |    `--*B. spinifrons Kauri 1985 S92
         |--Tubereca Kauri 1985 K85
         |    `--*T. biharaguana Kauri 1985 S92
         |--Neopygoplus Roewer 1923 R35
         |    |--N. jacobsoni Roewer 1923 R35
         |    `--N. siamensis Suzuki 1985 SG11
         |--Tundabia Roewer 1935 R35
         |    |--*T. semicaeca Roewer 1935 R35
         |    `--T. ugandensis Goodnight & Goodnight 1959 S92
         |--Bulobana Roewer 1935 R35
         |    |--*B. octopunctata Roewer 1935 R35
         |    `--B. infuscata Roewer 1940 S92
         |--Eupygoplus Roewer 1915 R35
         |    |--E. armatus Roewer 1915 R35
         |    `--E. gracilis Roewer 1927 R35
         |--Cerea Sørensen 1896 SP10
         |    |--*C. lugubris Sørensen 1896 S92
         |    `--C. feai Roewer 1927 S92 [=C. feae R35]
         |--Izea Roewer 1927 R35
         |    |--*I. pectinata Roewer 1927 S92
         |    `--I. armata Roewer 1935 R35
         |--Erecongoa Roewer 1950 SP10
         |    |--*E. gracilis Roewer 1950 S92
         |    `--E. granulata Roewer 1952 S92
         |--Lygippus Roewer 1940 SP10
         |    |--*L. abdominalis Roewer 1940 S92
         |    `--L. machadoi Lawrence 1951 S92
         |--Erecabia Roewer 1940 L62, S92
         |    |--*E. hartmanni Roewer 1940 S92
         |    `--E. pluridens Lawrence 1962 S92
         |--Erecomma Roewer 1940 L62, S92
         |    |--*E. montana Roewer 1940 S92
         |    `--E. laurenti Roewer 1961 S92
         |--Cereatta Roewer 1935 R35
         |    |--*C. celeripes (Loman 1910) S92 [=Cerea celeripes R35]
         |    |--C. elegans Roewer 1935 R35
         |    `--C. kivuensis Roewer 1961 S92
         |--Pygoplus Thorell 1889 R35
         |    |--*P. obscurus Thorell 1889 T89
         |    |--P. ferrugineus Thorell 1889 R35
         |    `--P. trifasciatus Thorell 1889 R35
         |--‘Macrobunus’ Roewer 1912 non Tullgren 1901 R35
         |    |--M. aborensis Roewer 1913 R35
         |    |--M. longipes Roewer 1913 R35
         |    `--M. singularis Roewer 1912 R35
         |--Callereca Roewer 1940 SP10
         |    |--*C. gracilis Roewer 1940 S92
         |    |--C. angolensis Lawrence 1949 S92
         |    `--C. teteana Roewer 1954 S92
         |--Cryptopygoplus Lawrence 1931 R35 [incl. Lawrenciola Roewer 1935 L11]
         |    |--*C. africanus Lawrence 1931 S92
         |    |--C. capriviensis Lotz 2011 L11
         |    |--C. coronatus StarÄ™ga & Snegovaya 2009 L11
         |    |--C. damaranus Lawrence 1931 [=*Lawrenciola damarana] S92
         |    `--C. rhodesianus Lawrence 1931 [=Lawrenciola rhodesiana] R35
         |--Propygoplus Roewer 1923 R35, M77 (see below for synonymy)
         |    |--*P. maculatus (Roewer 1912) [=Parapygoplus maculatus] M77
         |    |--*Karsianga’ rugosa Roewer 1940 M77
         |    |--*Sikkimula’ scabrisoma Roewer 1940 M77
         |    |--P. siwalik Martens 1977 M77
         |    `--*Sikkimella’ tenuipes Roewer 1927 M77
         |--Lygippulus Roewer 1954 L62, S92
         |    |--*L. major Roewer 1954 S92
         |    |--L. nigrescens Roewer 1961 S92
         |    |--L. parvulus Roewer 1954 S92
         |    |--L. scaber Roewer 1954 S92
         |    `--L. setipes Roewer 1961 S92
         |--Erecula Roewer 1935 R35
         |    |--*E. pachypes Roewer 1935 R35
         |    |--E. cincta Roewer 1961 S92
         |    |--E. crassipes Kauri 1985 S92
         |    |--E. leleupi Lawrence 1962 S92
         |    |--E. marmorata Roewer 1940 S92
         |    |--E. novemdentata Roewer 1961 S92
         |    `--E. septemdentata Lawrence 1957 S92
         `--Erecella Roewer 1935 R35
              |--*E. lutea Roewer 1935 S92
              |--E. basilewskyi Lawrence 1962 S92
              |--E. biseriata Roewer 1961 S92
              |--E. brunnea Roewer 1940 S92
              |--E. flava Roewer 1935 R35
              |--E. nigropicta Roewer 1961 S92
              |--E. signata Roewer 1950 S92
              |--E. transversalis Roewer 1961 S92
              `--E. walikaleana Kauri 1985 S92

Assamiidae incertae sedis:
  Sokodea Roewer 1935 R35
    `--*S. caeca Roewer 1935 R35
  Maccabeesa Roewer 1936 S92
    `--*M. lawrencei Roewer 1936 S92
  Aburistella Lawrence 1947 S92
    `--A. flava Lawrence 1947 S92
  Afroassamia Caporiacco 1940 S92
    `--*A. laevipes Caporiacco 1940 S92
  Bancoella Lawrence 1947 S92
    `--*B. bimaculata Lawrence 1947 S92
  Banconyx Lawrence 1947 S92
    `--*B. dentichelis Lawrence 1947 S92
  Cleoxestus Roewer 1954 S92
    `--*C. luteipictus Roewer 1954 S92
  Irumuinae SP10
  Kungwea Roewer 1961 S92
    `--K. scabra Roewer 1961 S92
  Lukandamila Roewer 1961 S92
    `--L. cookei Roewer 1961 S92
  Simienatus Roewer 1956 S92
    `--*S. scotti Roewer 1956 S92
  Typhloburista Lawrence 1947 S92
    `--*T. pusilla Lawrence 1947 S92
  Acacinae SP10
    |--Acaca Roewer 1935 R35 [incl. Pseudoacaca Caporiacco 1949 S92]
    |    |--*A. albatra Roewer 1935 R35
    |    `--A. liobuniformis (Caporiacco 1949) [=Pseudoacaca liobuniformis] S92
    `--Acanthacaca Roewer 1952 L62, S92
         |--*A. upembensis Roewer 1952 S92
         `--A. katumbea Roewer 1961 S92
  Pungoica Roewer 1914 R35 [incl. Pungoiella Roewer 1914 S92, Pygoselenca Roewer 1953 S92; Pungoicinae]
    |--*P. simoni Roewer 1914 S92
    `--P. bifurcata (Roewer 1914) (see below for synonymy) S92
  Aburistinae SP10
    |--Aburista Roewer 1935 R35
    |    `--*A. termitarum Roewer 1935 R35
    `--Typhlobunellus Roewer 1927 R35
         |--*T. formicarum Roewer 1927 S92
         `--T. platypalpis Lawrence 1947 S92
  Opcochinae R35
    |--Drugius Roewer 1929 R35
    |    `--D. parvus Roewer 1929 R35
    |--Trionyxana Roewer 1927 R35
    |    `--T. gracilipes Roewer 1927 R35
    `--Opcochina Roewer 1927 R35
         |--O. carli Roewer 1929 R35
         `--O. gravelyi Roewer 1927 R35
  Sidaminae SP10
  Assamiinae SP10
  Polycoryphinae SP10
  Dampetrinae SP10
  Parazalmoxis Roewer 1913 S92
    `--*P. africana Roewer 1913 (see below for synonymy) S92
  Nsorkia dorsicana SG11

Dicoryphus Loman 1902 R35 [incl. Coelobunus Loman 1902 S92, Caelobunus R23, Metarhabdopygus Roewer 1913 R35]

Dicoryphus melanacanthus (Loman 1902) [=Coelobunus melanacanthus, Caelobunus melanacanthus; incl. Co. fuscus Roewer 1912, Ca. fuscus] S92

*Parazalmoxis africana Roewer 1913 [incl. Hypoxestus holmi Goodnight & Goodnight 1959, P. roeweri Caporiacco 1949] S92

Propygoplus Roewer 1923 R35, M77 [incl. Karsianga Roewer 1940 M77, Sikkimella Roewer 1927 M77, Sikkimula Roewer 1940 M77]

Pungoica bifurcata (Roewer 1914) [=Pungoiella bifurcata; incl. Pygoselenca albisignata Roewer 1953, Pungoica decorata Lawrence 1947] S92

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[GG48] Goodnight, C. J., & M. L. Goodnight. 1948. New phalangids from the Southwest Pacific. American Museum Novitates 1371: 1–14.

[K85] Kauri, H. 1985. Opiliones from central Africa. Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika, Turveren, België, Zoologische Wetenschappen, Annalen 245: 1–167.

[L62] Lawrence, R. F. 1962. Resultats scientifiques des missions zoologiques de l'I.R.S.A.C. en Afrique orientale (P. Basilewsky et N. Leleup, 1957). LXXIV. Opiliones. Annales du Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale: Sciences Zoologiques 110: 9–89.

[L11] Lotz, L. N. 2011. Three new harvestmen species from southern Africa (Arachnida: Opiliones: Caddidae, Neopilionidae, Assamiidae). Journal of Afrotropical Zoology 7: 3–8.

[M77] Martens, J. 1977. Opiliones aus dem Nepal-Himalaya. III. Oncopodidae, Phalangodidae, Assamiidae (Arachnida). Senckenbergiana Biologica 57 (4–6): 295–340.

[R23] Roewer, C.-F. 1923. Die Weberknechte der Erde: Systematische Bearbeitung der bisher bekannnten Opiliones. Gustav Fischer: Jena.

[R35] Roewer, C.-F. 1935. Alte und neue Assamiidae. Weitere Weberknechte VIII. (8. Ergänzung der “Weberknechte der Erde” 1923). Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Kolonial- und Uebersee-Museum in Bremen 1: 1–168.

[SP10] Santos, R., & C. E. Prieto. 2010. Los Assamiidae (Opiliones: Assamiidae) de Río Muni (Guinea Ecuatorial), con la descripción de ocho nuevas especies. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58 (1): 203–243.

[SG11] Sharma, P. P., & G. Giribet. 2011. The evolutionary and biogeographic history of the armoured harvestmen—Laniatores phylogeny based on ten molecular markers, with the description of two new families of Opiliones (Arachnida). Invertebrate Systematics 25: 106–142.

[S92] StarÄ™ga, W. 1992. An annotated check-list of Afrotropical harvestmen, excluding the Phalangiidae (Opiliones). Annals of the Natal Museum 33 (2): 271–336.

[T89] Thorell, T. 1889. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. XXI.—Aracnidi Artrogastri Birmani raccolti da L. Fea nel 1885–1887. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2a, 7: 521–729.

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