Laurentobatrachia

Peacock tree frog Leptopelis vermiculatus, copyright Dawson.

Belongs within: Ranoidea.
Contains: Arthroleptinae, Hyperolius, Heterixalus.

The Laurentobatrachia are a clade of frogs found in sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar.

Characters (from Frost et al. 2006): Larval m. levator manidbulae externus in two portion; commissura proximalis III absent; intercalary elements absent; external metatarsal tubercle poorly developed or absent; terminal phalanges claw-shaped.

Laurentobatrachia [Arthroleptoidae]
    |--Arthroleptidae FG06
    |    |--Arthroleptinae FG06
    |    `--+--Leptopelis Günther 1859 FG06 [Leptopelinae PW11, Leptopelini]
    |       |    |  i. s.: L. mossambicus FG06
    |       |    |--+--L. argenteus FG06
    |       |    |  `--L. brevirostris PW11
    |       |    `--+--L. modestus PW11
    |       |       `--+--L. vermiculatus PW11
    |       |          `--+--L. natalensis PW11
    |       |             `--+--+--L. bocagii PW11
    |       |                |  `--L. concolor PW11
    |       |                `--+--L. kivuensis PW11
    |       |                   `--L. palmatus PW11
    |       `--Astylosterninae [Astylosternidae, Astylosternini] PW11
    |            |--Leptodactylodon Andersson 1903 FG06
    |            |    `--L. bicolor FG06
    |            `--+--+--Nyctibates Boulenger 1904 FG06
    |               |  |    `--N. corrugatus FG06
    |               |  `--Scotobleps Boulenger 1900 PW11, FG06
    |               |       `--S. gabonicus FG06
    |               `--+--Trichobatrachus Boulenger 1900 FG06
    |                  |    `--T. robustus FG06
    |                  `--Astylosternus Werner 1898 FG06
    |                       |--A. diadematus PW11
    |                       `--+--A. batesi PW11
    |                          `--A. schioetzi PW11
    `--Hyperoliidae [Hyperoliinae, Kassininae, Kassinini]
         |  i. s.: Chlorolius Perret 1988 FG06
         |         Arlequinus Perret 1988 FG06
         |         Chrysobatrachus Laurent 1951 FG06
         |--Cryptothylax Laurent & Combaz 1950 PW11, FG06
         |    `--C. greshoffii PW11
         `--+--+--Phlyctimantis Laurent & Combaz 1950 PW11, FG06
            |  |    |--P. leonardi PW11
            |  |    `--+--‘Kassina’ maculata PW11
            |  |       `--P. verrucosus PW11
            |  `--+--Kassina Girard 1853 PW11, FG06
            |     |    |--K. senegalensis FG06
            |     |    `--K. wealii WKW73
            |     `--+--Paracassina Peracca 1907 FG06
            |        `--Semnodactylus Hoffman 1939 FG06
            |             `--S. wealii PW11
            `--+--+--Callixalus Laurent 1950 FG06
               |  `--Acanthixalus Laurent 1944 PW11, FG06
               |       |--A. sonjae PW11
               |       `--A. spinosus FG06
               `--+--Opisthothylax Perret 1966 PW11, FG06
                  |    `--O. immaculatus FG06
                  `--+--Hyperolius PW11
                     `--+--Morerella cyanophthalma PW11
                        `--+--+--Heterixalus FG06
                           |  `--Tachycnemis Fitzinger 1843 PW11, FG06 [Tachycneminae]
                           |       `--T. seychellensis NW07
                           `--+--Kassinula Laurent 1940 FG06
                              `--Afrixalus Laurent 1944 PW11, FG06
                                   |  i. s.: A. pygmaeus FG06
                                   |         A. weidholzi KF69
                                   |--+--A. knysnae PW11
                                   |  `--+--A. delicatus PW11
                                   |     `--A. stuhlmanni PW11
                                   `--+--A. fornasini PW11
                                      `--+--A. laevis PW11
                                         `--+--A. dorsalis PW11
                                            `--A. paradorsalis PW11

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[FG06] Frost, D. R., T. Grant, J. Faivovich, R. H. Bain, A. Haas, C. F. B. Haddad, R. O. de Sá, A. Channing, M. Wilkinson, S. C. Donnellan, C. J. Raxworthy, J. A. Campbell, B. L. Blotto, P. Moler, R. C. Drewes, R. A. Nussbaum, J. D. Lynch, D. M. Green & W. C. Wheeler. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1–370.

[KF69] Kluge, A. G., & J. S. Farris. 1969. Quantitative phyletics and the evolution of anurans. Systematic Zoology 18 (1): 1–32.

[NW07] Nussbaum, R. A., & S.-H. Wu. 2007. Morphological assessments and phylogenetic relationships of the Seychellean frogs of the family Sooglossidae (Amphibia: Anura). Zoological Studies 46 (3): 322–335.

[PW11] Pyron, R. A., & J. J. Wiens. 2011. A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61: 543–583.

[WKW73] Wallace, D. G., M.-C. King & A. C. Wilson. 1973. Albumin differences among ranid frogs: taxonomic and phylogenetic implications. Systematic Zoology 22 (1): 1–13.