Liocranidae

Liocranum rupicola, copyright Dennis Schubert.

Belongs within: Gnaphosoidea.

The Liocranidae are a family of ground-hunting spiders found in forest litter. The family as commonly recognised was found by Ramírez (2014) to be polyphyletic and may need to be redefined in the future.

Characters (from Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman 2007): Small to medium-sized; usually eight eyes present in two rows, sometimes reduced to four; legs with two tarsal claws; ecribellate; posterior spinnerets with cylindrical gland spigots; female with posterior median spinnerets flattened; male palp with median apophysis; entelegyne.

<==Liocranidae JD-S07
    |--Cybaeodinae JD-S07
    |    |--Cybaeodes madidus JD-S07
    |    `--Andromma JD-S07
    `--Liocranum Koch 1866 [Liocraninae] JD-S07
         |--L. concolor Kraus 1955 K55
         |--L. giersbergi Kraus 1955 K55
         |--L. rupicola (Walckenaer 1825) K55
         |--L. rutilans K55
         `--L. segmentatum K55

Liocranidae incertae sedis:
  Scotina palliardi (Koch 1881) K02
  Itatsina Kishida 1930 TYM08
  Agraecina R14
  Arabelia R14
  Argistes R14
  Coryssiphus R14
  Hesperocranum R14
  Heterochemmis R14
  Laudetia R14
  Liocranoeca R14
  Liparochrysis R14
  Mesobria R14
  Paratus R14
  Rhaboctesis R14
  Vankeeria R14
  Cteniogaster Bosselaers & Jocqué 2013 R14
    `--C. hexomma R14
  Mesiotelus Simon 1897 MG03
    |--M. kulczynskii Charitonov 1946 MG03
    `--M. tenuissimus (Koch 1866) K55
  Apostenus R14
    |--A. californicus R14
    `--A. fuscus R14

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[JD-S07] Jocqué, R., & A. S. Dippenaar-Schoeman. 2007. Spider Families of the World. Royal Museum for Central Africa: Tervuren (Belgium).

[K02] Koponen, S. 2002. Ground-living spiders in bogs in northern Europe. Journal of Arachnology 30 (2): 262–267.

[K55] Kraus, O. 1955. Spinnen von Korsika, Sardinien und Elba (Arach., Araneae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 36: 371–394.

[MG03] Marusik, Yu. M., & E. F. Guseinov. 2003. Spiders (Arachnida: Aranei) of Azerbaijan. 1. New family and genus records. Arthropoda Selecta 12 (1): 29–46.

[R14] Ramírez, M. J. 2014. The morphology and phylogeny of dionychan spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 390: 1–374.

[TYM08] Tennent, W. J., M. Yasuda & K. Morimoto. 2008. Lansania Journal of arachnology and zoology—a rare and obscure Japanese natural history journal. Archives of Natural History 35 (2): 252–280.

Last updated: 26 September 2019.