Megastigminae

Bootanelleus orientalis, photographed by Gary Taylor and Matthew Purcell.

Belongs within: Chalcidoidea.
Contains: Megastigmus.

The Megastigminae is a group of wasps characterised by a prominent stigmal vein in the forewing. The majority of species are phytophagous, though many are inquilines or parasites of other gall-makers.

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Stigmal vein branching off marginal vein at a relatively wide angle, knob of stigmal vein unusually enlarged, which makes the vein distinctly longer than breadth of costal cell; basal vein mostly well pigmented with posterior end curved outwards; body often more or less yellow (rarely with metallic colour); thorax with rather sparse and usually outstanding conspicuous hairs, always without short normal pilosity; hind coxae relatively shorter than in other Torymidae; ovipositor tending to curve upwards, sometimes very strongly so.

<==Megastigminae [Megastigmides] B88
    |--+--Bortesia HB13
    |  `--Bootanelleus Girault 1915 MH11, B88
    |       |--*B. viridiscutellum Girault 1915 B88
    |       |--B. aereus (Girault 1915) [=Megastigmus (Bootanomyia) aerea] B88
    |       |--B. ashmeadi (Girault 1915) [=Megastigmus (Bootanomyia) ashmeadi] B88
    |       |--B. auritibiae (Girault 1915) [=Neomegastigmus auritibiae] B88
    |       |--B. hyalinus (Girault 1915) [=Neomegastigmus hyalinus] B88
    |       |--B. leai (Girault 1929) [=Neomegastigmus leai] B88
    |       |--B. longifasciatus (Girault 1915) [=Megastigmus (Bootanomyia) longifasciata] B88
    |       |--B. nonvitta (Girault 1938) [=Bootanomyia nonvitta] B88
    |       |--B. nympha (Girault 1937) [=Epibootania nympha] B88
    |       |--B. orientalis (Mathur & Hussey 1956) [=Bootanomyia orientalis] B88
    |       |--B. pax (Girault 1915) [=Megastigmus (Bootanomyia) pax] B88
    |       |--B. sanguiniventris (Girault 1915) [=Megastigmus (Bootanomyia) sanguiniventris] B88
    |       `--B. victoriae (Girault 1928) [=Bootanomyia victoriae] B88
    `--+--Paramegastigmus Girault 1915 MH11, B88
       |    `--*P. flavus (see below for synonymy) B88
       |--Megastigmus MH11
       `--Neomegastigmus Girault 1915 HB13, B88
            |--*N. petiolatus Girault 1915 [incl. N. rufithorax var. nelsonensis Girault 1915] B88
            |--N. collaris Girault 1915 B88
            |--N. filius Girault 1915 B88
            |--N. lividus Girault 1915 [incl. N. lividus var. badius Girault 1915] B88
            |--N. rufithorax Girault 1915 B88
            |--N. saltensis Girault 1915 B88
            `--N. varius Girault 1915 B88

Megastigminae incertae sedis:
  Mangostigmus Bouček 1986 B88
    `--*M. amraeus [=Neomegastigmus amraeus] B88
  Ianistigmus Bouček 1988 B88
    `--*I. tatianae Bouček 1988 B88
  Westralianus Bouček 1988 B88
    `--*W. microstigma Bouček 1988 B88
  Malostigmus Bouček 1988 B88
    `--*M. pergratus (Girault 1915) [=Bootanomyia pergrata] B88
  Xenostigmus Riek 1966 B88
    |--*X. mirostigmus Riek 1966 B88
    |--X. longistigmus Riek 1966 B88
    `--X. similis Riek 1966 B88
  Bootanomyia Girault 1915 [incl. Epibootania Girault 1937] B88
    |--*B. smaragdus (Girault 1915) [=Megastigmus (*Bootanomyia) smaragdus] B88
    |--B. gemma B88
    |--B. guttatipennis (Girault 1937) [=*Epibootania guttatipennis] B88
    `--B. viridiscutellum (Girault 1915) [=Megastigmus (Bootanomyia) viridiscutellum] B88
  Bootania Dalla Torre 1897 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--*B. leucospoides [=*Metamorpha leucospoides] B88
    |--B. gigantea (Girault 1928) [=Pulvilligera gigantea] B88
    |--B. japonica [=Megastigmus japonicus, *Macrodasyceras japonicus] B88
    |--B. maxima (Strand 1911) [=*Pulvilligera maxima] B88
    |--B. neocaledonica (Milliron 1950) [=Pulvillgera neocaledonica] B88
    |--B. pilicornis [=*Eutanycormus pilicornis] B88
    |--B. ruficeps [=*Spilomegastigmus ruficeps] B88
    |--B. solomonensis (Milliron 1950) [=Pulvilligera solomonensis] B88
    `--B. titanus (Girault 1939) [=Epimegastigmus titanus, Megastigmus titanus] B88

Nomen nudum: Bootanomyia unistriata Girault 1928 B88

Bootania Dalla Torre 1897 [=Metamorpha Walker 1862 non Huebner 1819; incl. Eutanycormus Cameron 1909, Macrodasyceras Kamijo 1962, Pulvilligera Strand 1911, Spilomegastigmus Cameron 1905] B88

*Paramegastigmus flavus [=Spilomegastigmus flavus, Megastigmus (*Paramegastigmus) flavus; incl. M. (P.) immaculaticorpus Girault 1915] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[HB13] Heraty, J. M., R. A. Burks, A. Cruaud, G. A. P. Gibson, J. Liljeblad, J. Munro, J.-Y. Rasplus, G. Delvare, P. Janšta, A. Gumovsky, J. Huber, J. B. Woolley, L. Krogmann, S. Heydon, A. Polaszek, S. Schmidt, D. C. Darling, M. W. Gates, J. Mottern, E. Murray, A. D. Molin, S. Triapitsyn, H. Baur, J. D. Pinto, S. van Noort, J. George & M. Yoder. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466-542.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.