Diapriidae

Female Platymischus dilatatus, from Katja Seltmann.

Belongs within: Diaprioidea.

The Diapriidae are a family of small endoparasitic wasps, primarily attacking pupae or prepupae of Diptera but with some species associated with Hymenoptera or Coleoptera. The antennae possess an elongate scape, at least 2.5 times as long as wide, and are usually inserted on a distinct shelf (Naumann 1991). Molecular phylogenetic analysis (Munro et al. 2011) suggests that the diapriids may be paraphyletic to the Mymarommatidae, a group of minute wasps (less than 1 mm in length) with a two-segmented petiole (Naumann 1991).

Characters (from Naumann 1991): Small (1–6 mm). Antennae usually 9–15-segmented in females, 12–14-segmented in males, usually inserted remote from clypeus on a prominent frontal shelf; wing venation reduced or wings absent; trochantellus present; tergite 2 and sternite 2 fused to form petiole; tergite 3 and sternite 3 or 4 large; cerci digitiform or plate-like. Sexual dimorphism often marked.

Diapriidae
    |  i. s.: Malvina punctata M83
    |         Polypeza B88
    |         Qinodiapris Hong 2002 H02
    |           `--*Q. fascicornuta Hong 2002 H02
    |         Pantolyta P92
    |--+--Poecilopsilus MH11
    |  `--Diapriinae N91
    |       |--Platymischus dilatatus A71
    |       |--Loxotropa A71
    |       |--Galesus cornutus A71, MS01
    |       |--Basalys N91
    |       |--Spilomicrus N91
    |       |--Trichopria drosophilae N91, PK17
    |       |--Entomacis MH11
    |       |--Paramesius N91
    |       |--Hemilexomyia N91
    |       |--Leaiopria N91
    |       |--Austropria N91
    |       |--Propentapria R70
    |       |--Phaenopria R70
    |       |--Neurogalesus N91
    |       |    |--N. faunus Girault 1927 G27
    |       |    `--N. rubripes G27
    |       `--Diapria Latreille 1802 L02
    |            |--D. conica [=Ichneumon conicus] L02
    |            |--D. elegans [=Proctotrupes (Diapria) elegans] G20
    |            `--D. hesperidum [=Chrysis hesperidum] L02
    `--+--Belytinae A71
       |    |  i. s.: Stylaclista N91
       |    |         Psilommella N91
       |    |         Xenotoma R70
       |    |--+--Opazon MH11
       |    |  `--Belyta MH11
       |    |       |--B. bicolor [=Proctotrupes (Belyta) bicolor] G20
       |    |       `--B. validicornis MH11, MS01
       |    `--+--+--Anommatium MH11
       |       |  `--Aclista MH11
       |       `--+--Miota MH11
       |          `--Cinetus MH11
       |               |--C. californicus MH11
       |               `--C. fulvus [=Belyta fulva] RD77
       `--+--Ambositrinae N91
          |    |--Ambositra famosa Z02
          |    |--Pantolytomyia ferruginea MH11
          |    |--Diaphoropria N91
          |    |--Scianomas N91
          |    |--Austroxylabis N91
          |    |--Acanthobetyla N91
          |    |--Betyla fulva R70, R60
          |    |--Neobetyla R70
          |    `--Prosoxylabis R70
          `--+--Ismarinae MH11
             `--Serphitoidea RBQ04
                  |--Serphitidae [Serphitoidea] GE05
                  |    |--Aposerphites solox RJ93
                  |    |--Microserphites P92
                  |    |--Distylopus [Distylopinae] P92
                  |    `--Serphites RBQ04
                  |         |--S. dux P92
                  |         `--S. paradoxus RBQ04
                  `--Mymarommatidae [Mymarommatoidea] MH11
                       |--Archaeromma minutissima RJ93
                       |--Mymaromma Girault 1920 GM79
                       |    `--M. anomalum MH11
                       |--Palaeomymar GE05 [incl. Petiolaria Bld. & Kryg. 1922 G30, GM79]
                       |    |--P. agapa R02
                       |    `--P. duisburgi GE05
                       `--Mymaromella Girault 1931 HB13, G31
                            |--*M. mira Girault 1931 G31
                            |--M. chaoi HB13
                            `--M. mirissima Girault 1935 G35

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G27] Girault, A. A. 1927. Some new wild animals. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 208–210).

[G30] Girault, A. A. 1930. New pests from Australia. VIII. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 273–277).

[G31] Girault, A. A. 1931. A new habit in an old insect, Homo pudicus and new Eurytomidae. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 280–283).

[G35] Girault, A. A. 1935. Microhymenoptera Australiensis nova, mostly Chalcididae. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 315–318).

[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1–400.

[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.

[HB13] Heraty, J. M., R. A. Burks, A. Cruaud, G. A. P. Gibson, J. Liljeblad, J. Munro, J.-Y. Rasplus, G. Delvare, P. Janšta, A. Gumovsky, J. Huber, J. B. Woolley, L. Krogmann, S. Heydon, A. Polaszek, S. Schmidt, D. C. Darling, M. W. Gates, J. Mottern, E. Murray, A. D. Molin, S. Triapitsyn, H. Baur, J. D. Pinto, S. van Noort, J. George & M. Yoder. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466–542.

[H02] Hong Y. 2002. Amber Insect of China. Beijing Scientific and Technological Publishing House.

[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.

[M83] Martin, N. A. 1983. Miscellaneous observations on a pasture fauna: an annotated species list. DSIR Entomology Division Report 3: 1–98.

[MS01] Mocsáry, A., & V. Szépligeti. 1901. Hymenopterák [Hymenopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 121–169. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.

[N91] Naumann, I. D. 1991. Hymenoptera (wasps, bees, ants, sawflies). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 916–1000. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[PK17] Peters, R. S., L. Krogmann, C. Mayer, A. Donath, S. Gunkel, K. Meusemann, A. Kozlov, L. Podsiadlowski, M. Petersen, R. Lanfear, P. A. Diez, J. Heraty, K. M. Kjer, S. Klopfstein, R. Meier, C. Polidori, T. Schmitt, S. Liu, X. Zhou, T. Wappler, J. Rust, B. Misof & O. Niehuis. 2017. Evolutionary history of the Hymenoptera. Current Biology 27 (7): 1013–1018.

[P92] Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford University Press: Stanford.

[R02] Rasnitsyn, A. P. 2002. Superorder Vespidea Laicharting, 1781. Order Hymenoptera Linné, 1758 (=Vespida Laicharting, 1781). In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., & D. L. J. Quicke (eds) History of Insects pp. 242–254. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.

[RBQ04] Rasnitsyn, A. P., H. H. Basibuyuk & D. L. J. Quicke. 2004. A basal chalcidoid (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from the earliest Cretaceous or latest Jurassic of Mongolia. Insect Systematics and Evolution 35: 123–135.

[R60] Richards, A. M. 1960. Observations on the New Zealand glow-worm Arachnocampa luminosa (Skuse) 1890. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 88 (3): 559–574.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

[R70] Riek, E. F. 1970. Hymenoptera (wasps, bees, ants). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 867–959. Melbourne University Press.

[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.

[Z02] Zherikhin, V. V. 2002. Ecological history of the terrestrial insects. In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., & D. L. J. Quicke (eds) History of Insects pp. 331–388. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.

Last updated: 13 March 2021.