Mymaridae

Female Anaphes iole, photographed by Max E. Badgley.

Belongs within: Chalcidoidea.
Contains: Ooctonini, Mymarini, Anagrini.

The Mymaridae, fairy flies, are a family of lightly-built egg-parasitoid wasps that include some of the smallest of all living insects.

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Blade of hindwing (brachypterous forms rare) not reaching base, being reduced to a linear stalk formed by submarginal vein; frons with H-shaped impressed lines, adorbital vertical lines connected not far above antennae by a straight cross-line; antennal toruli much nearer to eyes than to each other; forewing almost always without postmarginal vein, stigmal vein reduced to a short stub and mostly situated far before middle of anterior margin; antenna without anelli after pedicel, in females with conspicuous long-oval clava; appendages mostly very long and slender; body usually below 2 mm length; egg parasites.

<==Mymaridae [Alaptinae, Mymarinae]
    |--+--Borneomymar madagascar MH11
    |  `--+--Litus cynipseus MH11
    |     `--Ooctonini G29a
    `--+--Anaphes Haliday 1833 MH11, GM79
       |    |--A. behmani Girault 1929 GM79
       |    |--A. hercules Girault 1911 GM79
       |    |--A. iole Girault 1911 GM79 (see below for synonymy)
       |    |    |--A. i. iole GM79
       |    |    `--A. i. anomocerus Girault 1929 GM79
       |    |--A. nigrellus Girault 1911 GM79
       |    |--A. pallipes Ashmead 1887 GM79
       |    |--A. pratensis Foerster 1847 GM79
       |    |--A. sinipennis Girault 1911 GM79
       |    `--A. victus MH11
       `--+--+--Australomymar MH11
          |  `--+--Stethynium Enock 1909 MH11, GM79 [incl. Ideocentrus Gahan 1927 G30b, GM79]
          |     |    |--S. atrum Girault 1928 G28
          |     |    |--S. cuvieri Girault 1912 GM79
          |     |    |--S. daltoni Girault 1912 GM79
          |     |    |--S. faunum Girault 1911 GM79
          |     |    |--S. immaculatum Girault 1924 GM79
          |     |    |--S. lutheri Girault 1929 G29b
          |     |    |--S. nubiliceps Girault 1931 G31b
          |     |    |--S. obscurum Girault 1931 G31b
          |     |    |--S. ophelimi MH11
          |     |    `--S. tenerum Girault 1920 GM79
          |     `--+--Acmopolynema varium MH11
          |        `--Mymarini MH11
          `--+--+--Ceratanaphes MH11
             |  `--Anagrini MH11
             `--+--Erythmelus Enock 1909 MH11, GM79 [incl. Enasius Enock 1909 G29a, GM79]
                |    |--E. cinctiventris Girault 1929 GM79 [=Anaphes cinctiventris G29a]
                |    |--E. gracilipes (Howard 1881) GM79 [=Anaphes gracilipes G29a]
                |    |--E. gracilis (Howard 1881) GM79 [=Anaphes gracilis G29a]
                |    |--E. io (Girault 1911) G29a, GM79 [=Anagrus io G29a]
                |    |--E. mirus Girault 1938 GM79
                |    |--E. picinus (Girault 1916) GM79 [=Anaphes picinus G29a]
                |    |--E. rosascostai MH11
                |    |--E. schilleri Girault 1931 G31b
                |    `--E. tintoreti Girault 1922 GM79
                `--Eubroncus [Eubronchinae] MH11

Mymaridae incertae sedis:
  Platypasson S01
  Arescon M83
  Caraphractus cinctus [incl. Polynema natans] A71
  Paranaphoidea G23
    |--P. auripes Girault 1925 G25
    |--P. elongata Girault 1923 G23
    `--P. eucalypti Girault 1925 GM79
  Polynemoidea domestica Girault 1931 G31a
  Parufens G31a
    |--P. argentibiae Girault 1915 GM79
    |--P. argentipes Girault 1913 GM79
    |--P. ipswichia Girault 1922 G22
    `--P. spinosus Girault 1931 G31a
  Alaptini G29a
    |--Dicopus Enock 1909 G29a, GM79
    |    |--D. bidentiscapus Girault 1931 G31a
    |    |--D. halitus Girault 1911 GM79
    |    `--D. victoria Girault 1920 GM79
    `--Alaptus Westwood 1840 GM79
         |--A. ah Girault 1930 G30a
         |--A. aureus Girault 1912 GM79
         |--A. caecilii Girault 1908 GM79 [incl. A. xenophoni Girault 1930 G30c, GM79]
         |--A. eriococci Girault 1908 GM79
         |--A. globosicornis Girault 1908 GM79
         |--A. iceryiae Riley 1888 GM79
         |--A. inciliatus Girault 1930 G30a
         |--A. intonsipennis Girault 1910 GM79
         |--A. malenotti (Girault 1917) G17, GM79 [=Metalaptus malenotti G17]
         |--A. oh Girault 1930 G30a
         |--A. quadratus Girault 1929 G29b
         `--A. reticulatipennis Girault 1935 G35

Anaphes iole Girault 1911 GM79 [incl. A. ovijentatus Crosby & Leonard 1914 G29a, GM79, A. perdubius Girault 1916 G29a, GM79]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.

Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17] Girault, A. A. 1917. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. V. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 116-131).

[G22] Girault, A. A. 1922. The true remedy for head lice, dedication of a new animal to the quality of majesty and so forth. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 166).

[G23] Girault, A. A. 1923. Loves wooed and won in Australia. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 167-169).

[G25] Girault, A. A. 1925. Some gem-like or marvellous inhabitants of the woodlands heretofore unknown and by most never seen or dreamt of. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 191-193).

[G28] Girault, A. A. 1928. Some new hexapods stolen from authority. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 221-224).

[G29a] Girault, A. A. 1929a. North American Hymenoptera Mymaridae. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 233-261).

[G29b] Girault, A. A. 1929b. Description of a case of lunacy in Homo and of six-legged articulates. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 262-265).

[G30a] Girault, A. A. 1930a. New pests from Australia. VII. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 270-272).

[G30b] Girault, A. A. 1930b. New pests from Australia. VIII. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 273-277).

[G30c] Girault, A. A. 1930c. New pests from Australia. IX. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 278-279).

[G31a] Girault, A. A. 1931a. A new habit in an old insect, Homo pudicus and new Eurytomidae. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 280-283).

[G31b] Girault, A. A. 1931b. Hymenoptera, Thysanoptera nova Australiensis. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 284-285).

[G35] Girault, A. A. 1935. Microhymenoptera Australiensis nova, mostly Chalcididae. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 315-318).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

[M83] Martin, N. A. 1983. Miscellaneous observations on a pasture fauna: An annotated species list. DSIR Entomology Division Report 3: 1-98.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.

[S01] Stringer, I. A. N. 2001. The reproductive biology and the eggs of New Zealand Anostostomatidae. In The Biology of Wetas, King Crickets and Their Allies (L. H. Field, ed.) pp. 379-397. CABI Publishing: Wallingford (UK).