Eumeninae

Eumenes fraternus, photographed by Sankax.

Belongs within: Vespidae.

The Eumeninae, potter and mason wasps, are a group of vespid wasps including both solitary and presocial species (Hines et al. 2007).

Characters (from Carpenter 1982): Mandible: clypeus ratio 0.78-2.00. Occipital carina forked, with a branch running to the mandibular base and one running toward the hypostoma (either branch may be secondarily lost, usually the hypostomal). Parategula present. Hind coxa with dorsal carina. Claws bifid. Male genitalia with basal ring short, encompassing bases of parameres; volsella with digitus a broad pincerlike lobe, cuspis a reduced scalelike lobe attached mesally to parameres. Larva with labrum as wide as clypeus and narrowed where these join, dorsally bisinuate and ventrally bilobed.

<==Eumeninae
    |--+--Alphamenes campanulatus HH07
    |  `--Eumenes HH07
    |       |--E. acuminatus GS61
    |       |--E. fraternus HH07
    |       `--E. lucasius Saussure 1853 GS61
    `--+--Symmorphus cristatus HH07
       `--+--+--Pseudodynerus quadrisectus HH07
          |  `--+--Pachodynerus erynnis HH07
          |     `--Euodynerus HH07
          |          |--E. megaera HH07
          |          `--E. turneri (Giordani Soika 1934) (see below for synonymy) GS61
          `--+--Ancistrocerus HH07
             |    |--A. antilope HH07
             |    `--A. gazella H02
             `--Stenodynerus HH07
                  |--S. anormis HH07
                  `--S. ogasawaraensis Yamane & Gusenleitner 1982 I92

Euodynerus turneri (Giordani Soika 1934) [=Odynerus meyeri var. turneri, Pseudepipona (Euodynerus) turneri] GS61

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Carpenter, J. M. 1982. The phylogenetic relationships and natural classification of the Vespoidea (Hymenoptera). Systematic Entomology 7: 11-38.

[GS61] Giordani Soika, A. 1961. Hymenoptera (Aculeata): Vespidae. In: Hanström, B., P. Brinck & G. Rudebeck. South African Animal Life: Results of the Lund University Expedition in 1950–1951 vol. 8 pp. 440-451. Almqvist & Wiksell: Uppsala.

[H02] Harris, A. 2002. Recent range extensions of some introduced Hymenoptera, with observations. Weta 24: 20-21.

[HH07] Hines, H. M., J. H. Hunt, T. K. O'Connor, J. J. Gillespie & S. A. Cameron. 2007. Multigene phylogeny reveals eusociality evolved twice in vespid wasps. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 104 (9): 3295-3299.

[I92] Iwahashi, J. (ed.) 1992. Reddo Deeta Animaruzu: a pictorial of Japanese fauna facing extinction. JICC: Tokyo.