Polyaspidoidea

Trachytes pauperior, copyright Bergen Museum.

Belongs within: Uropodina.

The Polyaspidoidea are a group of predatory mites that are most diverse in leaf litter, tree holes and moss in northern temperate regions (Lindquist et al. 2009).

Characters (from Lindquist et al. 2009): Coxae I flanking broad tritosternal base, vertex and camerostome well developed, distinct pedofossae absent; palpgenu with five setae. Body usually covered in thick, ornamented cerotegument; adults with a fragmented or holodorsal shield, peritrematic sclerites fused with mediodorsal shield anterodorsally and bearing vertical setae, without a separate vertex shield element; marginal shields usually present, often fragmented into smaller scutella or fused with mediodorsal shield, pygidial shield present, narrow to broad, sometimes fragmented, either nude or bearing one to several pairs of setae. Chelicerae elongate, without lyrifissure and with large to small digits, pilus dentilis absent. Peritremes well developed. Tritosternal base broader than long, laciniae fused basally, often subdivided distally. Femur I with nine setae (typically 1 4/3 1), genua III and IV each with one or two ventral setae, and tibia I with four dorsal and two ventral setae (2 2/1, 211 2(1)). Female epigynal shield rounded or trapezoidal and with slender paragynal elements, each carrying a seta (st5) and a pore, rarely fused to epigynal shield. Sternal region well sclerotized; large ventrianal shield present or incorporated into holoventral shield. Male with holoventral shield, genital opening between coxae III and IV, anterior genital valve sometimes with one pair of setae. Cerotegument usually thick, often reticulate, sometimes extended as wings on segments of legs I.

<==Polyaspidoidea [Polyaspidini, Trachytoidea] LKW09
    |--Polyaspididae LKW09
    |    |--Dyscritaspis Camin 1953 FH93
    |    |    `--D. whartoni Camin 1953 LKW09, FH93
    |    |--Calotrachytes Berlese 1916 FH93
    |    |    |--C. fimbriatipes (Michael 1908) SL71
    |    |    `--C. sclerophyllus (Michael 1908) SL71
    |    |--Dipolyaspis Berlese 1916 VKC07, FH93
    |    |    `--*P. sansonei (Berlese 1916) [=Polyaspis (*Dipolyaspis) sansonei] B16
    |    `--Polyaspis Berlese 1881 FH93
    |         |--*P. patavinus Berlese 1881 ET79
    |         |--P. australis Berlese 1881 [=Poliaspis (l. c.) australis] H98
    |         |--P. lamellipes Banks 1914 FH93
    |         `--P. potchefstroomi A81
    |--Dithinozerconidae LKW09
    |    |--Iphidinychus Berlese 1913 LKW09, FH93
    |    |--Caminella Krantz & Ainscough 1960 LKW09, FH93
    |    |    `--C. peraphora Krantz & Ainscough 1960 FH93
    |    `--Uroseius Berlese 1888 FH93 [incl. Apionoseius Berlese 1904 LKW09, FH93, Dithinozercon Berlese 1917 FH93]
    |         |--*U. acuminatus (Koch 1847) [=Uropoda acuminata] ET79
    |         |--U. australianus (Canestrini 1884) (see below for synonymy) H98
    |         |--U. badius Ewing 1909 FH93
    |         |--‘Apionoseius’ castrii LKW09
    |         |--U. inaequipunctatus (Stoll 1893) [=Uropoda inaequipunctata] FH93
    |         |--‘Celaeno’ infirma Berlese 1887 (see below for synonymy) FH93
    |         |--U. hunzikeri Schweizer 1922 S61
    |         |--U. johnstoni Hirschmann 1979 [=U. (Apionoseius) johnstoni] FH93
    |         |--‘Trachytes’ lagenaeformis Berlese 1904 [=Apionoseius lagenaeformis, A. lagenarius (l. c.)] FH93
    |         |--‘Echinoseius (Iphidinychus)’ manicatus Berlese 1913 [=Apionoseius manicatus] FH93
    |         `--U. tumidus Ewing 1913 FH93
    |--Tetrasejaspis Sellnick 1941 A81, FH93 [Tetrasejaspidae FH93]
    |--Baloghjkaszabia Hirschmann 1973 A81, FH93 [Baloghjkaszabiidae FH93]
    `--Trachytidae [Polyaspinidae] LKW09
         |--Pholeogynium Johnston 1961 FH93
         |--Polyaspinus Berlese 1916 LKW09, FH93
         |    |--*P. cylindricus Berlese 1916 ET79
         |    |--P. boliviensis LKW09
         |    |--P. higginsi Camin 1954 FH93
         |    |--P. quadrangularis LKW09
         |    |--P. tasmaniensis LKW09
         |    `--P. tuberculatus Womersley 1961 [=Polyaspis tuberculatus, Uroseius tuberculatus] H98
         `--Trachytes Michael 1894 FH93
              |--*T. aegrota (Koch 1841) ET79 (see below for synonymy)
              |--T. austeni Hirst 1923 H23
              |--T. dubiosus Schweizer 1961 S61
              |--T. infirmus S22
              |--T. minima Trägårdh 1910 FH93
              |--T. mystacinus Berlese 1910 K07
              |--T. mystiacus Berlese 1910 S61
              |--T. pauperior (Berlese 1914) K07 [=T. pi var. pauperior S61]
              |--T. pi S61
              |--T. sumatrensis H23
              |--T. szonjaae Kontschán 2007 K07
              |--T. tragardhi Hirschmann & Zirngiebl-Nicol 1969 FH93
              `--T. tubifer S61

‘Celaeno’ infirma Berlese 1887 FH93 [=Apionoseius infirmus FH93; incl. A. dubiosus Vitzthum 1925 FH93, Thinozercon (*Dithinozercon) halberti Berlese 1916 FH93, B16]

*Trachytes aegrota (Koch 1841) ET79 [=Celaeno aegrota FH93; incl. Trachynotus pyriformis Kramer 1876 FH93, Trachytes pyriformis S61]

Uroseius australianus (Canestrini 1884) [=Celaeno australiana, Apionoseius australianus, Celaenopsis australiana] H98

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A81] Ainscough, B. D. 1981. Uropodine studies. I. Suprageneric classification in the cohort Uropodina Kramer, 1882 (Acari: Mesostigmata). International Journal of Acarology 7: 47–56.

[B16] Berlese, A. 1916. Centuria terza di Acari nuovi. Redia 12: 289–338.

[ET79] Evans, G. O., & W. M. Till. 1979. Mesostigmatic mites of Britain and Ireland (Chelicerata: Acari-Parasitiformes). An introduction to their external morphology and classification. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 35: 139–270.

[FH93] Farrier, M. H., & M. K. Hennessey. 1993. Soil-inhabiting and free-living Mesostigmata (Acari-Parasitiformes) from North America: an annotated checklist with bibliography and index. North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University, Technical Bulletin 302: i–xvi, 1–408.

[H98] Halliday, R. B. 1998. Mites of Australia: A checklist and bibliography. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood.

[H23] Hirst, S. 1923. On some new or little-known species of Acari. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1923: 971–1000.

[K07] Kontschán, J. 2007. Some new records of Uropodina mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro with descriptions of two new species. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 99: 177–188.

[LKW09] Lindquist, E. E., G. W. Krantz & D. E. Walter. 2009. Order Mesostigmata. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3^rd ed. pp. 124–232. Texas Tech University Press.

[S22] Schweizer, J. 1922. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der terrestrischen Milbenfauna der Schweiz. Verhandl. Naturf. Ges. Basel 33: 23–112, 4 pls.

[S61] Schweizer, J. 1961. Die Landmilben der Schweiz (Mittelland, Jura und Alpen): Parasitiformes Reuter, mit 246 Arten und Varietäten und 268 meist kombinierten Originalzeichnungen. Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft [Mémoires de la Société Helvétique des Sciences Naturelles] 84: i–vii, 1–207.

[SL71] Spain, A. V., & M. Luxton. 1971. Catalog and bibliography of the Acari of the New Zealand subregion. Pacific Insects Monograph 25: 179–226.

[VKC07] Vázquez, M. M., H. Klompen & C. I. Chargoy. 2007. Study of the Uropodina (Acari: Mesostigmata) in tropical forests of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico and Belize. In: Morales-Malacara, J. B., V. M. Behan-Pelletier, E. Ueckermann, T. M. Pérez, E. G. Estrada-Venegas & M. Badii (eds) Acarology XI: Proceedings of the International Congress pp. 43–50. Instituto de Biología and Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Acarología: México.

Abrotarsala

Dorsal and ventral views of Abrotarsala rimatoris, with close-up ventral views of gnathosoma and tip of left chelicera, from Schuster & Summers (1978).

Belongs within: Uropodina.

Abrotarsala is a genus of mites known from passalid beetles of the tribe Proculini in Mexico and Central America (Schuster & Summers 1978).

Characters (from Schuster & Summers 1978): Idiosoma pyriform to oval in outline, widest across opisthosoma. Tectum with three to five very small points on apex. Three or four pairs of peripheral body setae on posterior end of opisthosoma; two pairs ultralong, one or two pairs very small. Three or more pairs of dorsomedian microsetae. Perigynial suture complete. Ventral apron widened by panels (metapodal plates?) joined to its margins. Leg II of males may be hypertrophied and armed with apophyses on basal segments and a claw-like process on tarsus.

<==Abrotarsala Schuster & Summers 1978 FH93
    |--A. arciformis Schuster & Summers 1978 FH93
    |--A. cuneiformis Schuster & Summers 1978 FH93
    |--A. firundule Schuster & Summers 1978 FH93
    |--A. inconstans Schuster & Summers 1978 FH93
    |--A. longifemoralis Schuster & Summers 1978 FH93
    |--A. obesa Schuster & Summers 1978 FH93
    |--A. pyriformis Schuster & Summers 1978 FH93
    |--A. rimatoris Schuster & Summers 1978 FH93
    |--A. simplex Schuster & Summers 1978 FH93
    |--A. simulans Schuster & Summers 1978 FH93
    `--A. turgescentis Schuster & Summers 1978 FH93

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[FH93] Farrier, M. H., & M. K. Hennessey. 1993. Soil-inhabiting and free-living Mesostigmata (Acari-Parasitiformes) from North America: an annotated checklist with bibliography and index. North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University, Technical Bulletin 302: i–xvi, 1–408.

Schuster, R. O., & F. M. Summers. 1978. Mites of the family Diarthrophallidae (Acari: Mesostigmata). International Journal of Acarology 4 (4): 279–385.

Berlinia

Berlinia confusa, copyright Marco Schmidt.

Belongs within: Fabales.

Berlinia is a genus of trees found in tropical Africa bearing flowers in terminal racemes or panicles, with one petal often being considerably larger than the other four. Leaves are paripinnate and seed pods are large, woody, compressed and explosively dehiscent.

<==Berlinia MB09
    |--B. auriculata MB09
    |--B. bracteosa MB09
    |--B. bruneelii MB09
    |--B. confusa MB09
    |--B. congolensis MB09
    |--B. coriacea MB09
    |--B. craibiana MB09
    |--B. giorgii MB09
    |--B. grandiflora MB09
    |--B. hollandii MB09
    |--B. korupensis Mackinder & van der Burgt 2009 MB09
    |--B. lundensis MB09
    |--B. occidentalis MB09
    |--B. orientalis MB09
    |--B. phenacoa MB09
    |--B. rabiensis MB09
    |--B. razzifera MB09
    |--B. sapinii MB09
    |--B. tomentella MB09
    `--B. viridicans MB09

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[MB09] Mackinder, B. A., & X. M. van der Burgt. 2009. Berlinia korupensis (Leguminosae—Caesalpinioideae), a new tree species from Cameroon. Kew Bulletin 64 (1): 129–134.

Jacksonia

Grey stinkwood Jacksonia furcellata, copyright Margaret Donald.

Belongs within: Papilionoideae.

Jacksonia is a genus of leguminous shrubs and small trees endemic to Australia. Most species appear leafless with rigid stems and leaves reduced to small scales.

<==Jacksonia Br. ex Aiton 1811 KC01
    |--J. alata OS04
    |--J. argentea LK14
    |--J. floribunda RL05
    |--J. forrestii LK14
    |--J. furcellata RL05
    |--J. racemosa OS04
    |--J. restioides RL05
    |--J. rupestris LK14
    |--J. scoparia M65
    |--J. spinosa CFH05
    `--J. sternbergiana RL05

Nomen nudum: Jacksonia sparsa Gibson & Keighery 2000 GK00

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CFH05] Cochrane, J. A., J. A. Friend & S. J. E. Hill. 2005. Endozoochory and the Australian bluebell: comsumption of Billardiera fusiformis (Labill.) Payer (Pittosporaceae) seeds by three mammal species at Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve, Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (4): 191–196.

[GK00] Gibson, N., & G. J. Keighery. 2000. Flora and vegetation of the Byenup-Muir reserve system, south-west Western Australia. CALMScience 3 (3): 323–402.

[KC01] Kirk, P. M., P. F. Cannon, J. C. David & J. A. Stalpers. 2001. Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi 9^th ed. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[LK14] Lyons, M. N., G. J. Keighery, L. A. Gibson & T. Handasyde. 2014. Flora and vegetation communities of selected islands off the Kimberley coast of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 81: 205–244.

[M65] Michener, C. D. 1965. A classification of the bees of the Australian and South Pacific regions. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 130: 1–362.

[OS04] Obbens, F. J., & L. W. Sage. 2004. Vegetation and flora of a diverse upland remnant of the Western Australian wheatbelt (Nature Reserve A21064). Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 87 (1): 19–28.

[RL05] Rafferty, C., & B. B. Lamont. 2005. Selective feeding by macropods on vegetation regenerating following fire. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (4): 155–165.

Amburaneae

Dussia macroprophyllata, copyright Reinaldo Aguilar.

Belongs within: Papilionoideae.

The Amburaneae are a mostly Neotropical clade of leguminous plants primarily united by molecular data as well as the production of resins (Cardoso et al. 2013).

<==Amburaneae CP13
    |  i. s.: Mildbraediodendron CP13
    |--Dussia CP13
    |    |--D. lanata CP13
    |    |--D. lehmannii CP13
    |    `--D. macroprophyllata CP13
    |--+--Cordyla africana CP13
    |  `--Amburana CP13
    |       |--A. acreana CP13
    |       `--A. cearensis CP13
    `--+--+--‘Myrocarpus’ emarginatus CP13
       |  `--Myrospermum frutescens CP13
       `--+--Myrospermum sousanum CP13
          `--+--Myrocarpus CP13
             |    |--M. fastigiatus CP13
             |    `--M. frondosus CP13
             `--Myroxylon CP13
                  |--M. balsamum CP13
                  `--M. peruiferum CP13

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CP13] Cardoso, D., R. T. Pennington, L. P. de Queiroz, J. S. Boatwright, B.-E. Van Wyk, M. F. Wojciechowski & M. Lavin. 2013. Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes. South African Journal of Botany 89: 58–75.

Dipterygeae

Baru Dipteryx alata, copyright Mauricio Mercadante.

Belongs within: Papilionoideae.

The Dipterygeae are a Neotropical group of woody leguminous plants bearing flowers with a two-lipped calyx in which the two upper lobes are much enlarged and the three lower lobes are reduced to small teeth (Cardoso et al. 2013).

<==Dipterygeae CP13
    |--Monopteryx inpae CP13
    `--+--Taralea CP13
       |    |--T. cordata CP13
       |    |--T. oppositifolia CP13
       |    `--T. rigida CP13
       `--+--Pterodon CP13
          |    |--P. abruptus CP13
          |    `--+--P. emarginatus CP13
          |       `--P. pubescens CP13
          `--Dipteryx CP13
               |  i. s.: D. panamensis DL99
               |--D. magnifica CP13
               |--D. odorata CP13
               |--D. oleifera CP13
               |--D. polyphylla CP13
               |--D. rosea CP13
               `--+--D. alata CP13
                  `--D. punctata CP13

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CP13] Cardoso, D., R. T. Pennington, L. P. de Queiroz, J. S. Boatwright, B.-E. Van Wyk, M. F. Wojciechowski & M. Lavin. 2013. Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes. South African Journal of Botany 89: 58–75.

[DL99] Dyer, L. A., & D. K. Letourneau. 1999. Relative strengths of top-down and bottom-up forces in a tropical forest community. Oecologia 119: 265–274.

Exostyleae

Zollernia latifolia, copyright Alex Popovkin.

Belongs within: Papilionoideae.

The Exostyleae are a Neotropical group of leguminous plants found mostly in tropical rain forests. They are characterised by serrate and sometimes spinescent leaflet or leaf margins, basifixed anthers, and drupaceous fruits (Cardoso et al. 2013).

<==Exostyleae CP13
    |--Lecointea peruviana CP13
    `--+--Holocalyx balansae CP13
       |--+--Harleyodendron unifoliolatum CP13
       |  `--Uribea tamarindoides CP13
       |--+--Lecointea hatschbachii CP13
       |  `--Exostyles CP13
       |       |--E. godoyensis CP13
       |       `--E. venusta CP13
       `--Zollernia CP13
            |--Z. magnifica CP13
            `--+--Z. glabra CP13
               |--Z. glaziovii CP13
               |--Z. ilicifolia CP13
               |--Z. latifolia CP13
               `--Z. modesta CP13

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CP13] Cardoso, D., R. T. Pennington, L. P. de Queiroz, J. S. Boatwright, B.-E. Van Wyk, M. F. Wojciechowski & M. Lavin. 2013. Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes. South African Journal of Botany 89: 58–75.

Swartzieae

Swartzia arborescens, copyright Rocío Rojas.

Belongs within: Papilionoideae.

The Swartzieae are a group of leguminous plants characterised by non-papilionate flowers tending to lack petals and develop a profusion and elaboration of free stamens (Cardoso et al. 2013).

<==Swartzieae CP13
    |  i. s.: Fairchildia CP13
    |--+--Trischidium CP13
    |  |    |--T. alternum CP13
    |  |    `--+--T. decipiens CP13
    |  |       `--T. molle CP13
    |  `--+--Cyathostegia matthewsii CP13
    |     `--Ateleia CP13
    |          |--+--A. popenoei CP13
    |          |  `--+--A. arsenii CP13
    |          |     `--A. mcvaughii CP13
    |          `--+--A. glazioveana CP13
    |             `--+--A. herbert-smithii CP13
    |                `--+--A. guaraya CP13
    |                   `--A. pterocarpa CP13
    `--+--Bobgunnia CP13
       |    |--B. fistuloides CP13
       |    `--B. madagascariensis CP13
       `--+--+--Bocoa prouacensis CP13
          |  `--Candolleodendron brachystachyum CP13
          `--Swartzia CP13
               |  i. s.: S. macrostachya CP13
               |--S. apetala CP13
               |--S. canescens CP13
               |--S. cardiosperma CP13
               |--S. cubensis CP13
               |--S. jorori CP13
               |--S. polita CP13
               |--+--S. arborescens CP13
               |  `--S. simplex CP13
               `--+--S. pickelii CP13
                  `--+--S. flaemingii CP13
                     `--S. pinheiroana CP13

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CP13] Cardoso, D., R. T. Pennington, L. P. de Queiroz, J. S. Boatwright, B.-E. Van Wyk, M. F. Wojciechowski & M. Lavin. 2013. Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes. South African Journal of Botany 89: 58–75.

Amorpheae

Purple prairie clover Dalea purpurea, copyright Peganum.

Belongs within: Papilionoideae.

The Amorpheae are a group of primarily North American temperate leguminous plants united by punctate glands throughout the plant body, indehiscent, single-seeded fruits, and terminal inflorescences. Many species also produce radially symmetrical or non-papilionate flowers (Cardoso et al. 2013).

<==Amorpheae CP13
    |  i. s.: Psorodendron CP13
    |--+--Apoplanesia paniculata CP13
    |  `--+--+--Errazurizia CP13
    |     |  |    |--E. benthamii CP13
    |     |  |    `--E. megacarpa CP13
    |     |  `--Eysenhardtia CP13
    |     |       |--E. texana CP13
    |     |       `--+--E. orthocarpa CP13
    |     |          `--E. polystachya CP13
    |     `--+--Parryella filifolia CP13
    |        `--Amorpha CP13
    |             |--A. apiculata CP13
    |             |--A. californica H93
    |             |    |--A. c. var. californica H93
    |             |    `--A. c. var. napensis H93
    |             |--A. fragrans B75
    |             `--A. fruticosa [incl. A. fruticosa var. occidentalis] H93
    `--Psorothamnus CP13
         |  i. s.: P. schottii [=Dalea schottii; incl. D. schottii var. puberula] H93
         |--+--P. spinosus CP13 [=Dalea spinosa H93]
         |  `--+--P. arborescens CP13 [=Dalea arborescens H93]
         |     |    |--P. a. var. arborescens [incl. Dalea fremontii var. saundersii] H93
         |     |    |--P. a. var. minutifolius [=Dalea fremontii var. minutifolia] H93
         |     |    `--P. a. var. simplicifolius [incl. Dalea californica] H93
         |     `--P. fremontii CP13 [=Dalea fremontii H93]
         |          |--P. f. var. fremontii H93
         |          `--P. f. var. attenuatus H93
         `--+--+--P. polydenius CP13 [=Dalea polydenia H93]
            |  `--+--P. emoryi CP13 [=Dalea emoryi H93]
            |     `--P. scoparius CP13
            `--+--Marina CP13
               |    |--M. orcuttii H93
               |    |--M. parryi [=Dalea parryi] H93
               |    `--M. scopa CP13
               `--Dalea CP13
                    |  i. s.: D. mollis H93
                    |         D. ornata [=Petalostemon ornatum] H93
                    |         D. searlsiae [=Petalostemon searlsiae] H93
                    |--+--D. lanata CP13
                    |  `--D. pogonathera CP13
                    `--+--+--D. mollissima CP13
                       |  `--D. neomexicana CP13
                       `--+--+--D. brachystachya CP13
                          |  `--+--D. cliffortiana CP13
                          |     `--D. purpurea CP13
                          `--+--D. hospes CP13
                             |--D. lumholtzii CP13
                             |--D. pulchra CP13
                             `--D. scandens CP13

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CP13] Cardoso, D., R. T. Pennington, L. P. de Queiroz, J. S. Boatwright, B.-E. Van Wyk, M. F. Wojciechowski & M. Lavin. 2013. Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes. South African Journal of Botany 89: 58–75.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

Luetzelburgia

Luetzelburgia guaissara, copyright G. H. Shimizu.

Belongs within: Papilionoideae.

Luetzelburgia is a Neotropical genus of leguminous trees and shrubs bearing flowers with crimped, biauriculate petals and samaroid pods with a prominent wing.

<==Luetzelburgia CP13
    |--L. guianensis CP13
    `--+--L. amazonica CP13
       |--L. andica CP13
       |--L. andrade-lima CP13
       |--L. auriculata CP13
       |--L. bahiensis CP13
       |--L. guaissara CP13
       |--L. harleyi CP13
       |--L. trialata CP13
       |--+--L. neurocarpa CP13
       |  `--L. purpurea CP13
       `--+--L. praecox CP13
          `--L. sotoi CP13

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CP13] Cardoso, D., R. T. Pennington, L. P. de Queiroz, J. S. Boatwright, B.-E. Van Wyk, M. F. Wojciechowski & M. Lavin. 2013. Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes. South African Journal of Botany 89: 58–75.

Ormosieae

Ormosia sp., copyright Mark Coode.

Belongs within: Papilionoideae.

The Ormosieae are a clade of leguminous plants that are most diverse in northern South America with species of Ormosia also found in southeast Asia and northern Australia. Members of the clade have mostly dehiscent pods with woody valves (Cardoso et al. 2013).

<==Ormosieae CP13
    |  i. s.: Haplormosia CP13
    |         Petaladenium CP13
    |--+--Panurea longifolia CP13
    |  `--+--Clathrotropis nitida CP13
    |     `--Spirotropis longifolia CP13
    `--Ormosia CP13
         |  i. s.: O. monosperma SWK87
         |--O. semicastrata CP13
         |--+--O. fordiana CP13
         |  |--O. formosana CP13
         |  |--O. glaberrima CP13
         |  `--O. henryi CP13
         `--+--+--O. coutinhoi CP13
            |  `--O. macrocalyx CP13
            `--+--+--O. nitida CP13
               |  `--+--O. bahiensis CP13
               |     `--O. limae CP13
               `--+--+--O. krugii CP13
                  |  `--O. paraensis CP13
                  `--+--+--O. coccinea CP13
                     |  `--O. timboensis CP13
                     `--+--O. excelsa CP13
                        |--+--O. arborea CP13
                        |  `--O. fastigiata CP13
                        `--+--O. colombiana CP13
                           |--O. costulata CP13
                           |--O. smithii CP13
                           `--O. stipularis CP13

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CP13] Cardoso, D., R. T. Pennington, L. P. de Queiroz, J. S. Boatwright, B.-E. Van Wyk, M. F. Wojciechowski & M. Lavin. 2013. Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes. South African Journal of Botany 89: 58–75.

[SWK87] Snyder, N. F. R., J. W. Wiley & C. B. Kepler. 1987. The Parrots of Luquillo: Natural history and conservation of the Puerto Rican parrot. Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology: Los Angeles.

Brongniartieae

Tree hovea Hovea elliptica, copyright Hughesdarren.

Belongs within: Papilionoideae.

The Brongniartieae are a group of leguminous plants found in South America and Australia, members of which bear flowers with dimorphic anthers that are alternately basifixed and dorsifixed (Cardoso et al. 2013).

<==Brongniartieae CP13
    |  i. s.: Cristonia CP13
    |         Thinicola CP13
    |--Poecilanthe CP13
    |    |--P. falcata CP13
    |    `--+--P. parviflora CP13
    |       `--P. subcordata CP13
    `--+--+--+--Amphiodon effusus CP13
       |  |  `--Tabaroa caatingicola CP13
       |  `--Harpalyce CP13
       |       |  i. s.: H. lanata CP13
       |       |--H. brasiliana CP13
       |       `--+--H. arborescens CP13
       |          `--H. formosa CP13
       `--+--Cyclolobium CP13
          |    |--C. brasiliense CP13
          |    `--C. nutans CP13
          `--+--Brongniartia CP13
             |    |--B. alamosana CP13
             |    `--B. peninsularis CP13
             `--+--+--Lamprolobium fruiticosum CP13
                |  `--Plagiocapus axillaris CP13
                |--Templetonia CP13
                |    |--T. battii G04
                |    |--T. hookeri CP13
                |    |--T. retusa CP13
                |    `--T. sulcata G04
                `--Hovea CP13
                     |--H. chorizemifolia GK00
                     |--H. elliptica GK00
                     |--H. linearis C08
                     |--H. longifolia C08
                     |--H. pungens OS04
                     |--H. purpurea CP13
                     `--H. trisperma GK00
                          |--H. t. var. trisperma GK00
                          `--H. t. var. grandiflora GK00

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C08] Cambage, R. H. 1908. Notes on the native flora of New South Wales. Part VI. Deepwater to Torrington and Emmaville. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 33 (1): 45–65, pls 1–2.

[CP13] Cardoso, D., R. T. Pennington, L. P. de Queiroz, J. S. Boatwright, B.-E. Van Wyk, M. F. Wojciechowski & M. Lavin. 2013. Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes. South African Journal of Botany 89: 58–75.

[G04] Gibson, N. 2004. Flora and vegetation of the Eastern Goldfields Ranges: part 7. Middle and South Ironcap, Digger Rock and Hatter Hill. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 87 (2): 49–62.

[GK00] Gibson, N., & G. J. Keighery. 2000. Flora and vegetation of the Byenup-Muir reserve system, south-west Western Australia. CALMScience 3 (3): 323–402.

[OS04] Obbens, F. J., & L. W. Sage. 2004. Vegetation and flora of a diverse upland remnant of the Western Australian wheatbelt (Nature Reserve A21064). Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 87 (1): 19–28.

Leptolobieae

Leptolobium dasycarpum, copyright Mauricio Mercadante.

Belongs within: Papilionoideae.

The Leptolobieae are a group of trees found in Neotropical rainforests and savannahs (Cardoso et al. 2013).

Synapomorphies (from Cardoso et al. 2013): Subequal and symmetric lower petals (wings and keel), lateral petals (wings) without sculpturing, staminal filaments free to the base, compressed samaroid fruits with a narrow marginal wing.

<==Leptolobieae CP13
    |--+--Bowdichia CP13
    |  |    |--B. nitida CP13
    |  |    `--B. virgiloides CP13
    |  `--Leptolobium CP13
    |       |--+--L. bijugum CP13
    |       |  `--L. brachystachyum CP13
    |       `--+--L. panamense CP13
    |          |--L. parvifolium CP13
    |          `--+--L. dasycarpum CP13
    |             |--L. elegans CP13
    |             |--L. nitens CP13
    |             `--L. tenuifolium CP13
    `--+--+--Guianodendron praeclarum CP13
       |  `--Staminodianthus CP13
       |       |--S. racemosus CP13
       |       `--+--S. duckei CP13
       |          `--S. rosae CP13
       `--Diplotropis CP13
            |--D. martiusii CP13
            `--+--D. brasiliensis CP13
               |--D. purpurea CP13
               `--+--D. triloba CP13
                  `--+--D. ferruginea CP13
                     `--D. incexis CP13

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CP13] Cardoso, D., R. T. Pennington, L. P. de Queiroz, J. S. Boatwright, B.-E. Van Wyk, M. F. Wojciechowski & M. Lavin. 2013. Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes. South African Journal of Botany 89: 58–75.

Genisteae

Argyrolobium zanonii, copyright Philippe Gerbet.

Belongs within: Papilionoideae.
Contains: Lupinus, Genistinae.

The Genisteae are a group of woody shrubs primarily found in temperate regions with the highest diversity around the Mediterranean.

Characters (from Ainouche et al. 2003): Stamen filaments joined into closed tube with distinctly dimorphic anthers; leaves simple, unifoliolate or digitately three–many-foliolate; seeds exarillate, or if arillate only on short side; calyx-lobes variously inited with basically two-lipped calyx.

<==Genisteae
    |--Dichilus lebeckioides AB03, CP13
    |--Melolobium AB03
    `--+--+--Lupinus AB03
       |  `--+--Genistinae AB03
       |     `--Laburnum CP13
       |          |--L. anagyroides CP13
       |          `--L. vulgare C08
       `--+--Anarthrophyllum CP13
          |    |--A. desideratum CP13
          |    `--A. patagonium SB06
          `--Argyrolobium AB03
               |--A. harveyanum AB03
               |--A. marginatum AB03
               |--A. velutinum CP13
               `--A. zanonii AB03

Genisteae incertae sedis:
  Sellocharis AB03
  Adenocarpus CP13
    |--A. foliolosus ES06
    `--A. viscosus ES06
  Gonocytisus pterocladus CP13, H97
  Hesperolaburnum CP13
  Lembotropis CP13
  Petteria ramentacea CP13, GR98
  Podocytisus CP13
  Polhillia CP13
  Retama raetam CP13, RBA00

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[AB03] Ainouche, A., R. J. Bayer, P. Cubas & M.-T. Misset. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships within tribe Genisteae (Papilionoideae) with special reference to genus Ulex. In: Bruneau, B. B. K. A. (ed.) Advances in Legume Systematics vol. 10. Higher Level Systematics pp. 239–252. Royal Botanic Gardens: Kew.

[CP13] Cardoso, D., R. T. Pennington, L. P. de Queiroz, J. S. Boatwright, B.-E. Van Wyk, M. F. Wojciechowski & M. Lavin. 2013. Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes. South African Journal of Botany 89: 58–75.

[C08] Cheel. 1908. Notes and exhibits. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 33: 287.

[ES06] Erber, D., & M. Schöller. 2006. Revision of the Cryptocephalus-species of the Canary Islands and Madeira (Insecta, Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 86 (1): 85–107.

[GR98] Greuter, W., & T. Raus (eds.) 1998. Med-Checklist notulae, 17. Willdenowia 28: 163–174.

[H97] Heenan, P. B. 1997. Wood anatomy of the Carmichaelia (Fabaceae) complex in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 35: 395–415.

[RBA00] Rifai, L. B., M. Abu Baker & Z. S. Amr. 2000. Ecology, distribution and status of the rock hyrax, Procavia capensis syriaca, in Jordan. Zoology in the Middle East 21: 19–26.

[SB06] Sarno, R. J., M. S. Bank, H. S. Stern & W. L. Franklin. 2006. Effects of age, sex, season, and social dynamics on juvenile guanaco subordinate behavior. Journal of Mammalogy 87 (1): 41–47.

Embryophyta

Reconstruction of Horneophyton lignieri, copyright Falconaumanni.

Belongs within: Streptophyta.
Contains: Apo-Tracheophyta, Anthocerotopsida, Marchantiophyta, Bryophyta.

The clade Embryophyta contains the land plants, the dominant producers of the terrestrial environment. These organisms were able to thrive out of the water due to the retention and fertilisation of their eggs within protective structures, though less derived forms remain dependent on damp conditions for successful fertilisation. Adjacent cells are connected by junctions (plasmodesmata) perforating the cell wall. Land plants are often divided for convenience between the vascular (tracheophytes) and non-vascular (mosses, liverworts and hornworts) plants. Past classifications have used the name 'Bryophyta' to refer to all non-vascular plants, but the majority of recent authors would restrict this name to the mosses alone. There has been much debate over the exact interrelationships between the vascular and non-vascular plants. Many authors place the hornworts (Anthocerotophyta) as sister to the tracheophytes, as supported by the relationship between sporophytes and gametophytes: liverworts and mosses have the sporophyte and gametophyte separated by a placental space, usually filled with collapsed cells derived from the gametophyte, while hornworts and basal tracheophytes have the two in direct contact without a separating layer of collapsed cells (Frey et al. 2001). However, a recent large-scale molecular analysis by Wickett et al. (2014) suggested the possibility of a monophyletic clade of non-vascular plants, or a sister relationship between Anthocerotophyta and all other land plants. Fossil spores indicate that the land plants first arose during the Ordovician, with the four major living lineages possibly diverging by the end of that period. The earliest Ordovician spores, referred to as cryptospores, are most commonly associated in dyads and tetrads and characterised by the lack of trilete marks (Steemans et al. 2012). However, plant macrofossils have not yet been recovered from earlier than the Late Silurian (Bateman et al. 1998). Despite their potentially nested position, vascular plants are better represented in the early fossil record than non-vascular plants due to their higher preservation potential; unequivocal liverworts are not known from early than the Late Devonian (Bateman et al. 1998).

Embryophytes are characterised by alternation in generations between asexually-reproducing diploid sporophytes and sexually-reproducing haploid gametophytes. In liverworts, mosses and hornworts, the gametophytes are the dominant generation, and support the nutritively dependent sporophytes. In vascular plants, the sporophytes are independently growing and the dominant life stage. The Early Devonian Horneophyton is a stem-vascular plant that possessed both independently growing sporophytes and gametophytes, but did not possess the reinforced water-conducting tracheid cells of vascular plants (instead, it possessed a plesiomorphic central strand of conducting tissue that was not reinforced by thickenings). Horneophyton and vascular plants also share the production of multiple sporangia per individual. Horneophyton had terminal sporangia with a central columella (sterile section) similar to the sporangium of a hornwort.

Koeppenia eifeliensis Schweitzer 2000 is a strobilus (reproductive stalk) of uncertain affinities from the Lower Devonian of Denmark, which bore a dense arrangement of sporangiophores along its length on narrow branching stalks. Other fossils listed below include Rhabdotarachnoides simoni, originally described as an arachnid from the Lower Permian of Germany but since re-interpreted as an unidentifiable piece of plant material (Dunlop 2007). Neocystites, originally described as a cystoid echinoderm, probably represents a fragment of root (Kesling 1967).

<==Embryophyta [Acotyledones, Cormophyta, Cryptogamae, Embryobiotes, Hepatophyta] WM14
    |--Pan-Tracheophyta [Polysporangiomorpha] CD07
    |    |--Apo-Tracheophyta WM14
    |    `--Horneophyton [Horneophytaceae, Horneophytales, Horneophytopsida] D98
    |         `--H. lignieri (Kidston & Lang) Barghoorn & Darrah 1938 C93
    `--Bryata MS98
         |  i. s.: Cryptocoleopsis imbricata B-OO10
         |         Hydrocryphaea wardii B-OO10
         |         Prasanthus suecicus B-OO10
         |         Yunnanobryon rhyacophilum B-OO10
         |         Lobatiriccardia yunnannesis B-OO10
         |         Gottschelia grollei B-OO10
         |         Hamatostrepta concinna B-OO10
         |--Anthocerotophyta [Anthocerotae] WM14
         |    |--Leiosporoceros Hässel 1986 [Leiosporocerotaceae, Leiosporocerotales, Leiosporocerotopsida] SC-S05
         |    `--Anthocerotopsida SC-S05
         `--+--Marchantiophyta WM14
            `--Bryophyta WM14

Embryophyta incertae sedis:
  Eophyllophyton bellum K01
  Sublepidodendron ZA02
    |--S. mirabile ZA02
    `--S. wusihense [=Lepidodendron wusihense, Eolepidodendron wusihense] CWC87
  Colophospermum mopane WS02
  Isoetites BO02
    |--I. abundans Tosolini & McLoughlin 2002 TMD02
    `--I. daharensis Barale 1999 BO02
  Ptilophyllum caucasicum G10
  Otozamites BO02
  Eranthis hyemalis V02
  Synsepalum dulcificum ZB03
  Rhaciopteris busseana A38
  Diplothmema subfurcatum A38
  Megalopteris dawsoni A38
  Sporangites acuminata A38
  Pterispermostrobus bifurcatus A38
  Whittleseya A38
    |--W. concinna A38
    `--W. dawsoniana A38
  Cardiocarpon A38
    |--C. baileyi A38
    |--C. cornutum A38
    |--C. crampi A38
    `--C. obliquum A38
  Asterophyllites A38
    |--A. acicularis A38
    |--A. equisetiformis G31
    `--A. parvulus [incl. A. grandis] A38
  Campsiandra laurifolia DS86
  Radiola linoides [=Linum radiola] C55a
  Succowia balearica [=Bunias balearica] C55a
  Dentaria C55a
    |--D. bulbifera C55a
    `--D. enneaphylla C55a
  Aretia villosa C55a
  Nauenburgia thyrsiflora C55a
  Cybistax antisyphilitica C55a
  Nonnea ventricosa C55a
  Doratanthera linearis C55a
  Ramphicarpa fistulosa C55a
  Anodendron paniculatum C55a
  Lachnopylis oppositifolia C55a
  Hugueninia tanacetifolia C55a
  Adenostyles leucophylla C55a
  Kernera saxatilis C55a
  Petrocallis pyrenaica C55a
  Orobus luteus C55a
  Libanotis montana C55a
  Serratula nudicaulis C55a
  Betonica alopecurus C55a
  Zephyritis taitensis C55a
  Catabrosa aquatica [=Aira aquatica] C55a
  Tristegis glutinosa C55b
  Crambe C55b
    |--C. hispanica C55b
    |--C. maritima C55a
    `--C. orientalis C55b
  Cucubalus bacciferus C55b
  Choerophyllum C55b
    |--C. aromaticum C55b
    `--C. aureum C55b
  Hyssopus officinalis C55b
  Blitum C55b
    |--B. polymorphum C55b
    `--B. virgatum C55b
  Anacharis alsinastrum C55b
  Ervum C55b
    |--E. hirsutum C55b
    `--E. lens C55b
  Lappa major C55b
  Ambrina D03
    |--A. ambrosioides D03
    `--A. botrys C55b
  Agathophytum bonus-henricus [=Blitum bonus-henricus] C55b
  Guilandina bonduc [incl. G. bonducella] C55b
  Drepanocarpus lunatus C55b
  Ecastaphyllum brownei C55b
  Schwenkia americana C55b
  Telanthera C55b
    |--T. brasiliana C55b
    |--T. frutescens C55b
    `--T. maritima C55b
  Poinciana pulcherrima C55b
  Ptarmica alpina C55b
  Piddingtonia nummularia C55b
  Queria hispanica C55b
  Hohenackeria bupleurifolia C55b
  Vandellia crustacea C55b
  Manusiris granularis C55b
  Malachra C55b
    |--M. capitata A73
    `--M. radiata C55b
  Coleus BMM99
    |--C. africanus C55b
    `--C. × hybridus BMM99
  Micropyxis pumila [incl. Centunculus pentandrus] C55b
  Elythraria fasciculata C55b
  Lubinia spathulata C55b
  Colea ramiflora DC. 1845 (see below for synonymy) S77
  Cirrhopetalum thouarsii C55b
  Riedleia concatenata C55b
  Biophytum sensitivum C55b
  Stachytarpha indica C55b
  Buchenavia capitata SWK87
  Exothea paniculata SWK87
  Matayba domingensis SWK87
  Laetia procera SWK87
  Torrubia fragrans SWK87
  Byrsonia spicata SWK87
  Triphasia trifolia SWK87
  Ventarura lyonii FT05
  Enterolobium I-BH-O10
    |--E. cyclocarpum F55
    `--E. timbouva I-BH-O10
  Glenniea philippinensis P88
  Dryobalanops aromatica P88
  Anthocephalus Pau03
    |--A. cadamba Pau03
    `--A. chinensis P88
  Adinandra dumosa P88
  Ploarium alternifolium P88
  Meliopsis usambarensis RS99
  Paris quadrifolia D51
  Procopiana insularis S98
  Gymnocarpos decander AGF98
  Anabasis articulata AGF98
  Dinebra retroflexa GR98
  Guiera senegalensis HK98
  Boscia HK98
    |--B. angustifolia HK98
    `--B. senegalensis HK98
  Leptosema chambersii SM90
  Tapeinia CL85
    |--T. magellanica D03
    `--T. pumila CL85
  Rhabdotarachnoides Haupt 1957 Du07, H57
    `--*R. simoni Haupt 1957 H57
  Caia BC98
  Albertia Schimper in Voltz 1837 FT93
  Swida australis CK05
  Nanophyton erinaceus TLT98
  Chlidanophyton Gensel 1973 G97
  Sterulia longiflora J06
  Champereia manillana J06
  Aequitriradites VB02
    |--A. hispidus VB02
    |--A. spinulosus VB02
    `--A. verrucosus VB02
  Biretisporites potoniaei Delcourt & Sprumont 1955 YB02
  Foraminisporis TMD02
    |--F. asymmetricus VB02
    |--F. tribulosus VB02
    `--F. wonthaggiensis TMD02
  Pilosisporites notensis TMD02
  Foveosporites canalis Balme 1957 YB02
  Gabonisporis YB02
    |--G. cristata (Stanley) Sweet 1986 YB02
    |--G. labyrinthus Srivastava 1972 YB02
    `--G. vigourouxii Boltenhagen 1967 YB02
  Hamulatisporis YB02
    |--H. amplus Stanley 1965 YB02
    `--H. hamulatis Krutzsch 1959 YB02
  Intertriletes scrobiculatus Anderson 1960 YB02
  Klukisporites YB02
    |--K. foveolatus Pocock 1964 YB02
    |--K. punctatus Venkatachala 1969 YB02
    |--K. scaberis VB02
    |--K. variegatus VB02
    `--K. venkatachalae VB02
  Lusatisporites dettmanniae (Drugg) Srivastava 1972 YB02
  Osmundacidites YB02
    |--O. minutus VB02
    `--O. wellmanii Couper 1953 YB02
  Retitriletes YB02
    |--R. circolumenus VB02
    `--R. nidus Srivastava 1972 YB02
  Triporoletes YB02
    |--T. asper Srivastava 1972 YB02
    |--T. cenomanianus (Agasie) Srivastava 1977 YB02
    |--T. radiatus (Dettmann) Playford 1971 YB02
    |--T. reticulatus (Pocock) Playford 1971 YB02
    `--T. simplex VB02
  Alsophilidites bellus VB02
  Concavisporites crassus VB02
  Concavissimisporites VB02
    |--C. apiverrucata VB02
    |--C. kutchensis VB02
    |--C. penolaensis VB02
    |--C. variverrucosus VB02
    `--C. verrucosus VB02
  Contignisporites VB02
    |--C. cooksoniae VB02
    |--C. fornicatus VB02
    |--C. glebulentus VB02
    `--C. multimuratus VB02
  Cooksonites variabilis VB02
  Murospora florida VB02
  Impardecispora VB02
    |--I. apiverrucata VB02
    `--I. indica VB02
  Lycopodiacidites VB02
    |--L. asperatus VB02
    |--L. dettmanniae VB02
    `--L. keupperi DV06
  Foveotriletes parviretus VB02
  Neoraistrickia truncata VB02
  Equisetosporites VB02
    |--E. concinnus VB02
    |--E. eocensis VB02
    |--E. virginiaensis VB02
    `--E. volutus (Stanley 1965) Farabee & Canright 1986 ChrPr02
  Santhalisporites imperfectus VB02
  Januasporites spiniferus VB02
  Schizaeoisporites eocenicus VB02
  Undulatisporites pannuceus VB02
  Callispora potoniei VB02
  Podosporites VB02
    |--P. microsaccatus VB02
    `--P. tripakshi VB02
  Lametatriletes indicus VB02
  Ceratosporites VB02
    |--C. equalis VB02
    `--C. helidonensis VB02
  Microcachryidites antarcticus VB02
  Duplexisporites problematicus VB02
  Polycingulatisporites crenulatus VB02
  Baculatisporites comaumensis VB02
  Matonisporis cooksoniae VB02
  Stereisporites pocockii VB02
  Callialasporites VB02
    |--C. dampieri VB02
    `--C. turbatus VB02
  Boseisporites insignites VB02
  Taurocusporites segmentatus VB02
  Obtusisporis yarragadensis VB02
  Dettmannites attenuarus VB02
  Biformaesporites baculosus VB02
  Triletes tuberculiformis VB02
  Staplinisporites imperfectus VB02
  Microreticulatisporites uniformis VB02
  Coniatisporites haradensis VB02
  Densoisporites mesozoicus VB02
  Crassimonoletes surangei VB02
  Dictyotosporites complex VB02
  Appendicisporites bilateralis VB02
  Carolinapollis Christopher & Prowell 2002 ChrPr02
    `--*C. triangularis Christopher & Prowell 2002 ChrPr02
  Holkopollenites Fairchild in Stover, Elsik & Fairchild 1966 ChrPr02
    |--*H. chemardensis Fairchild in Stover, Elsik & Fairchild 1966 ChrPr02
    `--H. irregularis Christopher & Prowell 2002 ChrPr02
  Striaperipollis Krutzsch 1966 ChrPr02
    `--*S. gracilistriatus Krutzsch 1966 ChrPr02
  Interpollis supplingensis (Pflug) Krutzsch 1960 ChrPr02
  Plicatopollis cretacea Frederiksen & Christopher 1978 ChrPr02
  Longaevipollis Khlonova 1961 ChrPr02
    |--*L. sibiricus Khlonova 1961 ChrPr02
    |--L. fortis Christopher & Prowell 2002 ChrPr02
    `--L. subtilis Christopher & Prowell 2002 ChrPr02
  Trisectoris costatus Tschudy 1970 ChrPr02
  Osculapollis aequalis Tschudy 1975 ChrPr02
  Libopollis jarzenii Farabee, Daghlian et al. 1984 ChrPr02
  Monocirculopollis Krutzsch 1966 ChrPr02
  Orapollis Krutzsch 1966 ChrPr02
  Vaclavipollis Krutzsch 1966 ChrPr02
  Vancampopollenites Kedves & Pittau 1976 ChrPr02
  Gomphrenipollis Anzotegui & Cuadrado 1996 ChrPr02
  Iberipollis Krutzsch 1966 ChrPr02
  Papillipollis Pflug 1953 ChrPr02
  Cingutriletes clavus VB02
  Coptospora VB02
    |--C. microgranulosa VB02
    `--C. paradoxa (Cookson & Dettmann) Dettmann 1963 RC02
  Cyclosporites hughesii (Cookson & Dettmann 1958) Cookson & Dettmann 1959 RC02
  Perinopollenites elatoides Couper 1958 RC02
  Droseridites senonicus VH02
  Gnetaceaepollenites diversus VH02
  Maravenites Muller, de Di Giacomo & Van Erve 1987 ChrPr02
  Reticulatisporites pudens VB02
  Ruffordiaspora VB02
    |--R. australiensis VB02
    `--R. ludbrookiae VB02
  Rugotriletes costatus (Dijkstra) Potonié 1956 TMD02
  Tholisporites chulus W97
  Aulisporites artigmosus DDL04
  Camnosporites secatus DDL04
  Duplicisporites DDL04
    |--D. granulatus (Leschik 1956) DV06
    `--D. verrucosus (Leschik 1956) DV06
  Enzonalasporites DDL04
    |--E. densus DDL04
    |--E. ignacii DDL04
    `--E. vigens Leschik 1956 DV06
  Samaropollenites speciosus DDL04
  Narenga porphorycoma BTT02
  Cardiopteridium spitsbergense ZP86
  Koeppenia Schweitzer 2000 Sc00
    `--*K. eifeliensis Schweitzer 2000 Sc00
  Sartilmania jabachensis Sc00
  Halocarpus RL96
    |--H. bidwillii RL96
    `--H. biformis W91
  Leonohebe mooreae W91
  Pilosella officinale PAE98
  Houstonia purpurea EBS98
  Trichogoniopsis adenantha M-FR08
  Chrysodium lanzeanum S89
  Plenasium lignitum S89
  Benizia calopteris S89
  Graevia crenata S89
  Apeibopsis gaudinii S89
  Balthasaria schliebenii DL94
  Gynotroches axillaris C78
  Teysmanniodendron bogoriense C78
  Intsia bijuga C78
  Guevina avellana D03
  Mitraria coccinea D03
  Asteranthera chiloensis D03
  Sarmienta repens D03
  Decostea D03
    |--D. racemosa D03
    `--D. ruscifolia D03
  Rhaphithamnus cyanocarpus D03
  Myoschilos oblongus D03
  Schoenodon chilensis D03
  Saxegothea conspicua D03
  Susarium segethi D03
  Hebenstretia angolensis B06
  Laurofillum JD05
    |--L. acutimontanum JD05
    `--L. pseudoprinceps JD05
  Viscophyllum weylandii JD05
  Icaciniphyllum artocarpites JD05
  Hamatophyton verticillatum CWC87
  Lepidostrobophyllum fimbriatum CWC87
  Neocystites Barrande 1887 [=Neocystis Bather 1889] K67
  Piptadenia buchananii W86
  Hopoea odorata B88
  Symphiocarpos B75
    |--S. occidentalis B75
    `--S. orbiculatus B75
  Drepanostachyum intermedium Da07
  Maotia puya Da07
  Alcimandra cathcartii Da07
  Bonnamia latifolia Par03
  Loricaria columbiana R96
  Hesperomeles ferruginea R96
  Neurolepis arista R96
  Amphipterygium adstringens G69
  Calycotome RBA00
    |--C. spinosa C74
    `--C. villosa RBA00
  Mariopteris R79
    |--M. muricata G31
    `--M. pygmea R79
  Lagarostrobos SN08
    |--L. colensoi RL96
    `--L. franklanii SN08
  Befaria racemosa M83
  Hepatica transsilvanica H09
  Pituranthus triradiatus HF03
  Dubautia linearis MK08
  Fagaropsis angolensis E09
  Stricklandia Buckman 1845 AB65
  Megalodonta beckii B97
  Crysophila guagara BM76
  Paranymphaea crassifola OB13
  Stranvaesia niitakayamensis ChuPe02
  Guazuma tomentosa B14
  Thyrsopteris [Thyrsopteridaceae] P-GR14
    `--T. elegans P-GR14
  Pringlea antiscorbutica SBG97
  Petalostylis labicheoides ML13
  Moerua rigida CS77
  Antenostoma fasciculatum BT72
  Brickiella californica BT72
  Hammada L98
    |--H. salicornica L98
    `--H. scoparia L98
  Anvillea garcini L98
  Rhacophyllum coriaceum R87
  Noeggerathiopsis S87
    |--N. aequalis G31
    |--N. media S87
    |--N. prisca S87
    `--N. spathulata S87
  Armeniaca RJ11
    |--A. sibirica RJ11
    `--A. vulgaris TW07
  Peritoma serrulatum R35
  Camphora officinalis C70
  Gonioma kamassi P65
  Lepidophyllum RJ11
    |--L. lanceolatum G31
    `--L. quadrangulare RJ11
  Thalia geniculata F11
  Pullea stutzeri WO95
  Coleospermum paniculatum WO95
  Galax aphylla R56
  Cheilotetras caledonica Wellman & Richardson 1993 SP12
  Tetrahedraletes Strother & Traverse 1979 SP12
    `--T. medinensis (Strother & Traverse) Wellman & Richardson 1993 SP12
  Rimosotetras problematica Burgess 1991 SP12
  Imperfectotriletes Steemans et al. 2000 SP12
    |--I. patinatus Steemans et al. 2000 SP12
    `--I. varvdovae (Richardson) Steemans et al. 2000 SP12
  Pseudodyadospora laevigata Johnson 1985 SP12
  Gneudnaspora divellomedia (Chibrikova) Balme 1988 [=Laevolancis divellomedia] SP12
    |--G. d. var. divellomedia SP12
    `--G. d. var. minor Breuer et al. 2007 [=Laevolancis divellomedia var. minor] SP12
  Laevolancis chibrikovae Steemans et al. 2000 [=Gneudnaspora chibrikovae] SP12
  Dyadospora Strother & Traverse 1979 SP12
    |--D. murusattenuata Strother & Traverse 1979 SP12
    `--D. murusdensa Strother & Traverse 1979 SP12
  Abditusdyadus Wellman & Richardson 1996 SP12
    `--A. laevigatus Wellman & Richardson 1996 SP12
  Acontotetras inconspicuis Richardson 1996 SP12
  Ancyrospora ancyrea Richardson 1964 SP12
  Archaeozonotriletes chulusnanus Steemans et al. 1996 SP12
  Artemopyra Burgess & Richardson 1991 SP12
    `--A. brevicosta Burgess & Richardson 1991 SP12
  Breconisporites Richardson et al. 1982 SP12
  Chelinohilates Richardson 1996 SP12
    `--C. erraticus Richardson 1996 SP12
  Chelinospora Allen 1965 SP12
    |--C. cantabrica Richardson et al. 2001 SP12
    |--C. cassicula Richardson & Lister 1969 SP12
    `--C. poecilomorpha (Richardson & Ioannides) Richardson et al. 2001 SP12
  Clivosispora verrucata McGregor & Camfield 1976 SP12
    |--C. v. var. verrucata SP12
    `--C. v. var. convoluta McGregor & Camfield 1976 SP12
  Coronaspora Rodríguez 1978 SP12
    `--C. cromatica Jansonius & Hills 1979 SP12
  Cymbohilates Richardson 1996 SP12
    |--C. baqaensis Breuer et al. 2007 SP12
    |--C. cymosus Richardson 1996 SP12
    `--C. disponerus Richardson 1996 SP12
  Cymbosporites Allen 1965 SP12
    |--C. dammamensis Steemans 1995 SP12
    |--C. proteus McGregor & Camfield 1976 SP12
    `--C. stellospinosus Steemans 1989 SP12
  Dictyotriletes Naumova ex Ischchenko 1952 SP12
    `--D. subgranifer McGregor 1973 SP12
  Hispanaediscus Cramer 1966 SP12
    `--H. verrucatus (Cramer) Burgess & Richardson 1991 SP12
  Hystricosporites McGregor 1960 SP12
  Rugosisporites Dufka 1995 SP12
  Scylaspora Burgess & Richardson 1995 SP12
  Segestrespora Burgess 1991 SP12
    |--S. laevigata Burgess 1991 SP12
    `--S. membranifera (Johnson) Burgess 1991 SP12
  Stegambiquadrella contenta Johnson 1985 SP12
  Velatitetras Burgess 1991 SP12
    |--V. laevigata Burgess 1991 SP12
    `--V. retimembrana (Miller & Eames 1982) Wellman & Richardson 1996 SP12
  Zonotriletes Luber & Walts 1938 SP12
  Bathurstia Hueber 1972 SP12
  Estinnophyton Fairon-Demaret 1978 SP12
  Hollandophyton Rogerson et al. 2002 SP12
  Junggaria Dou & Sun 1983 SP12
  Metacladophyton Wang & Geng 1997 SP12
  Cirratriradites diaphanus Steemans 1989 SP12
  Sphaerasaccus glabellus Steemans et al. 2000 SP12
  Amicosporites streelii Steemans 1989 SP12
  Brochotriletes foveolatus Naumova 1953 SP12
  Latosporites ovalis Breuer et al. 2007 SP12
  Camarozonotriletes sextantii McGregor & Camfield 1976 SP12
  Samarisporites triangulatus Allen 1965 SP12
  Lophozonotriletes media Taugourdeau-Lantz 1967 SP12
  Cyatheacidites annulatus V12
  Cibotiidites tuberculiformis V12
  Peromonolites bowenii V12
  Dacrydiumites praecupressinoides V12
  Dodartia orientalis Si00
  Echinopanax Si00
    |--E. elatum Si00
    `--E. horridum C52
  Turraeanthus africana Si00
  Atamisquea emarginata BT87
  Trixus californicus BT87
  Viquiera stenoloba BT87
  Pleioblastus chino TM96
  Acanthyllis tragacanthoides B28
  Traganum nudatum B28
  Amberboa lippii B28
  Koniga maritima B28
  Triticosecale rimpani PS96
  Apollonias barbujana BBO02
  Eubotryoides grayana BBO02
  Acalyptospora Desm. 1848 (n. d.) KC01
  Rhodocolea racemosa [incl. Bignonia compressa Lank 1785, Colea decora DC. 1845] S77
    |--R. r. var. racemosa S77
    `--R. r. var. humblotiana [incl. Colea aberrans Baill. 1889] S77
  Dichrotrichum ternateum [=Bignonia ternatea Reinw. ex De Vriese 1858 (n. n.)] S77
  Thaumatococcus daniellii W92
  Discoreophyllum cumminsii W92
  Pelucha trifida MF68
  Corsinipollenites thiergartii WPL96
  Anapiculatisporites largus WT04
  Tripartites vetustus PSC99
  Rotaspora fracta PSC99
  Raistrickia nigra PSC99
  Triquitrites marginatus PSC99
  Schulzospora campyloptera PSC99
  Lycospora pusilla PSC99
  Leptotoma G10
    |--L. lenaensis G10
    `--L. prynardii G10
  Chaja ivorensis K68
  Cupuliferoidaepollenites liblarensis P92
  Ulmipollenites undulosus P92
  Palaeostachya arborescens G31
  Pinnularia columnaris G31
  Semaropsis fluitans G31
  Stachannularia tuberculata G31
  Collipseridium dawsonianum G31
  Cardiocarpus boulayi G31
  Lonchopteris alata G31
  Callipteridium G31
    |--C. koraiensis G31
    `--C. pteridium G31
  Callipteris G31
    |--C. conferta G31
    |--C. crassinervis G31
    `--C. murenensis G31
  Mixoneura subcrenata G31
  Lagenospermum oblongum G31
  Annulariopsis inopinata G31
  Chiropteris reniformis G31
  Conchophyllum richthofeni G31
  Neurogangamopteris cardiopteroides G31
  Caenodendron primaevum G31
  Equisetites mirabilis G31
  Mesopitys tschichatschewi G31
  Psygmophyllum mongolicum G31
  Glottophyllum cuneatum G31
  Canthiumidites bellus OW01
  Monotocidites galeatus OW01
  Wittania somnifera A73

Nomina nuda: Chrysodium doriae Squinabol 1889 S89
             Nassauvia dusenii Hoffm. in Dusén 2003 D03

Colea ramiflora DC. 1845 [=Bignonia ramiflora Decne 1834; incl. B. colei Don 1838, Colea colei Green 1826, C. timorensis ms] S77

*Type species of generic name indicated

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Last updated: 9 January 2022.