Lomandraceae

Twining fringe-lily Thysanotus patersonii, copyright Tony Rodd.

Belongs within: Asparagales.

The Lomandraceae are a group of xeromorphic monocotyledons found in Australasia.

Characters (from PlantNET): Perennial herbs, rhizomatous; stem usually short. Leaves distichous, xeromorphic and tough, sheathing at base, more or less linear, dorsi-ventral, parallel-veined. Inflorescences generally on separate branches; branches elongate and more or less branched or consist of partial inflorescences or reduced to more or less globose heads. Flowers small and inconspicuous, actinomorphic, 3-merous and either bisexual or unisexual and then plants dioecious. Perianth in 2 whorls; tepals 6, free or basally fused, often dry and more or less scarious. Stamens 6, the inner 3 sometimes fused basally to inner tepals; filaments filiform; anthers basifixed or slightly dorsifixed, 2-locular, introrse and dehiscing by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 3-locular; ovule 1 per loculus; style simple and short or 3-branched at apex. Fruit a loculicidal capsule.

Lomandraceae
    |--Sowerbaea DS04
    |    |--S. alliacea LK14
    |    |--S. juncea DS04
    |    `--S. laxiflora DS04
    `--+--Eustrephus latifolius DS04 [=Luzuriaga latifolia B78; incl. E. brownei B78, E. watsonianus B78]
       |    |--E. l. var. latifolius B78
       |    `--E. l. var. angustifolia [=E. angustifolius, Luzuriaga angustifolia] B78
       `--+--Arthropodium Br. 1810 DS04, ME70
          |    |--A. candidum Raoul 1844 (see below for synonymy) ME70
          |    |--A. capillipes GK00
          |    |--A. cirratum (Forst. f.) Br. 1822 [=Anthericum cirratum Forst. f. 1786] ME70
          |    |--A. dianellaceum B78
          |    |--A. minus B78
          |    |--A. paniculatum (see below for synonymy) B78
          |    `--A. preissii GK00
          `--Thysanotus DS04 [incl. Chlamyspermum B78]
               |  i. s.: T. arenarius GK00
               |         T. cymosus OS04
               |         T. sparteus GK00
               |         T. speckii G04
               |         T. spiniger DS04
               |--T. ser. Hexandrae B78
               |    |--T. anceps B78
               |    |--T. arbuscula B78
               |    |--T. asper B78
               |    |--T. baueri [incl. T. humilis] B78
               |    |--T. chrysantherus [incl. T. chinensis] B78
               |    |--T. dichotomus (see below for synonymy) B78
               |    |--T. exasperatus B78
               |    |--T. isantherus B78
               |    |--T. junceus [incl. Chlamysporum juncifolium] B78
               |    |--T. patersoni [incl. T. manglesianus, T. menziesii] B78
               |    |--T. scaber B78
               |    |--T. tenellus B78
               |    |--T. thyrsoideus B78
               |    `--T. tuberosus [incl. T. banksii, T. elatior, T. paniculatus, T. tuberosus var. parviflora] B78
               `--T. ser. Triandrae B78
                    |--T. drummondii B78
                    |--T. glaucus B78
                    |--T. multiflorus [incl. T. brevipes] B78
                    |    |--T. m. var. multiflorus B78
                    |    `--T. m. var. prolifer B78
                    |--T. pauciflorus B78
                    `--T. triandrus [=Ornithogalum triandrum; incl. T. hispidulus, T. nanus] B78

Lomandraceae incertae sedis:
  Lomandra LB91
    |--L. acicularis LK14
    |--L. banksii LB91
    |--L. caespitosa RL05
    |--L. collina GK00
    |--L. confertifolia B00
    |--L. densiflora B00
    |--L. effusa RL05
    |--L. fibrata B00
    |--L. filiformis B00
    |--L. glauca B00
    |--L. hermaphrodita RL05
    |--L. hystrix B00
    |--L. maritima SM06
    |--L. micrantha OS04
    |--L. multiflora B00
    |--L. nana B00
    |--L. nigricans GK00
    |--L. obliqua B00
    |--L. preissii RL05
    |--L. purpurea GK00
    |--L. sericea RL05
    |--L. sonderii RL05
    |--L. sororia B00
    |--L. spicata B00
    |--L. suaveolens OS04
    `--L. tropica LK14

Arthropodium candidum Raoul 1844 [incl. A. bulbosum Simpson 1952, A. ramulosum Colenso 1893, A. reflexum Colenso 1886] ME70

Arthropodium paniculatum [=Anthericum paniculatum, Phalangium paniculatum; incl. Arthropodium lindleyi, Anthericum milleflorum, An. pendulum, Arthropodium pendulum, Phalangium pendulum] B78

Thysanotus dichotomus [=Ornithogalum dichotomum; incl. T. deformis, T. divaricatus, T. elongatus, T. flexuosus, T. gracilis, T. intricatus, T. lindleyanus, T. sparteus, T. tenuis Lindl. 1838] B78

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B78] Bentham, G. 1878. Flora Australiensis: A description of the plants of the Australian Territory vol. 7. Roxburghiaceae to Filices. L. Reeve & Co.: London.

[B00] Braby, M. F. 2000. Butterflies of Australia: their identification, biology and distribution vol. 1. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood (Victoria).

[DS04] Davis, J. I., D. W. Stevenson, G. Petersen, O. Seberg, L. M. Campbell, J. V. Freudenstein, D. H. Goldman, C. R. Hardy, F. A. Michelangeli, M. P. Simmons, C. D. Specht, F. Vergara-Silva & M. Gandolfo. 2004. A phylogeny of the monocots, as inferred from rbcL and atpA sequence variation, and a comparison of methods for calculating jackknife and bootstrap values. Systematic Botany 29 (3): 467–510.

[G04] Gibson, N. 2004. Flora and vegetation of the Eastern Goldfields Ranges: part 6. Mt Manning Range. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 87 (2): 35–47.

[GK00] Gibson, N., & G. J. Keighery. 2000. Flora and vegetation of the Byenup-Muir reserve system, south-west Western Australia. CALMScience 3 (3): 323–402.

[LB91] Lawrence, J. F., & E. B. Britton. 1991. Coleoptera (beetles). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 2 pp. 543–683. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[LK14] Lyons, M. N., G. J. Keighery, L. A. Gibson & T. Handasyde. 2014. Flora and vegetation communities of selected islands off the Kimberley coast of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 81: 205–244.

[ME70] Moore, L. B., & E. Edgar. 1970. Flora of New Zealand vol. 2. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Monocotyledones except Gramineae. A. R. Shearer, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).

[OS04] Obbens, F. J., & L. W. Sage. 2004. Vegetation and flora of a diverse upland remnant of the Western Australian wheatbelt (Nature Reserve A21064). Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 87 (1): 19–28.

[RL05] Rafferty, C., & B. B. Lamont. 2005. Selective feeding by macropods on vegetation regenerating following fire. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (4): 155–165.

[SM06] Semeniuk, C. A., L. A. Milne, P. Ladd & V. Semeniuk. 2006. Pollen in the surface sediments of wetlands in the Becher Point area, southwestern Australia: a baseline for use in interpreting Holocene sequences. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 89 (1): 27–43.