Lepidopsocidae

Fore (above) and hind wing of Nepticulomima orientalis, from New (1975).

Belongs within: Psocodea.
Contains: Echmepteryx.

The Lepidopsocidae are a group of barklice associated primarily with leaf litter and dead foliage (New & Lienhard 2007).

Characters (from New & Lienhard 2007): Body length usually ca 2 mm, fore wing length 2–2.5 mm. Lacinial apex divided with few teeth. Maxillary palpi with conical sensillum on inner side of second segment; labial palpi two-segmented. Antennae with numerous segments (more than 20, occasionally up to 50), not annulated. Tarsi three-segmented, claws curved, usually with one subapical tooth but sometimes with more or none. Fore wing often acuminate, usually (together with body and legs) with covering of flattened scales; pterostigma not thickened; vein Sc often well developed; R–Rs crossvein usually present; Rs and M commonly fused for a length; areola postica long; veins Cu₂ and 1A ending separately on wing margin. Hind wing vein R₁ long; vein M with two branches, these arising separately; hind wing sometimes absent. Paraproct with strong spine, trichobothrial field not defined. Female with gonapophyses reduced, ventral valve absent; dorsal valve small and often weakly sclerotised, sometimes absent; external valve large, setose. Male with phallosome with parameres divergent anteriorly; aedeagus often complex.

<==Lepidopsocidae [Perientometae, Perientomoidea]
    |--Parasoa [Parasoinae] NL07
    |    `--*P. haploneura Thornton 1962 NL07
    |--Lepolepis Enderlein 1906 L98 [Lepolepidinae NL07]
    |    |--*L. ceylonica Enderlein 1906 L98
    |    |--L. bicolor Broadhead 1955 L98
    |    `--L. columbiensis Badonnel 1986 B86
    |--Thylacellinae [Thylacellidae, Thylacelloidea, Udamolepinae] NL07
    |    |--Illepidopsocus Li 1994 L02
    |    |    `--*I. yunnanicus Li 1994 L02
    |    |--Pseudothylacus Li 2002 L02
    |    |    `--*P. acisopterus Li 2002 L02
    |    `--Thylacella Enderlein 1911 [incl. Udamolepis Enderlein 1912] M93
    |         |--*T. eversiana M93
    |         |--T. congolensis [=Udamolepis congolensis] B55
    |         |--T. cubana (Banks 1941) [=Echmepteryx cubana] M93
    |         |--T. fasciata Badonnel 1955 M93
    |         `--T. immaculata Badonnel 1955 B55
    |--Echinopsocinae NL07
    |    |--Scolopama NL07
    |    |--Pteroxanium Enderlein 1922 [incl. Lepidilla Ribaga 1905 non Matthew 1886, Tasmanopsocus Hickman 1934] M93
    |    |    `--*P. kelloggi (Ribaga 1905) (see below for synonymy) M93
    |    |--Echinopsocus NL07
    |    |    |--*E. erinaceus Enderlein 1903 NL07
    |    |    `--E. grayi NL07
    |    `--Neolepolepis Mockford 1993 M93
    |         |--*N. occidentalis (Mockford 1955) [=Lepolepis occidentalis] M93
    |         |--N. caribensis (Turner 1875) [=Lepolepsis (l. c.) caribensis] M93
    |         `--N. xerica [=Echmepteryx xerica] M93
    |--Lepidopsocinae NL07
    |    |--Echmepteryx NL07
    |    |--Cyptophania Banks 1931 NL07, MW13 [incl. Ptenocorium Enderlein 1931 MW13, Pteroxaniella Karny 1932 MW13]
    |    |    |--*C. hirsuta Banks 1931 MW13
    |    |    |--C. alutacea (Enderlein 1931) MW13 [=*Ptenocorium alutaceum NL07]
    |    |    |--C. australica Mockford & Wynne 2013 MW13
    |    |    |--C. bifurcata MW13 [=*Pteroxaniella bifurcata NL07]
    |    |    |--C. costalis Mockford & Wynne 2013 MW13
    |    |    |--C. marginata Thornton, Lee & Chui 1972 NL07
    |    |    `--C. pakaratii Mockford & Wynne 2013 MW13
    |    `--Lepidopsocus MW13
    |         |--*L. nepticulides Enderlein 1903 NL07
    |         |--L. cinctus MW13
    |         |--L. maculatus MW13
    |         |--L. magnus MW13
    |         |--L. marmoratus (Banks 1931) [=Echmepteryx marmorata] NL07
    |         |--L. pretiosus (Banks 1942) [=Echmepteryx pretiosus] NL07
    |         |--L. pseudomaculatus Thornton 1981 NL07
    |         `--L. sudarmani Vaughan, Thornton & New 1989 NL07
    `--Perientominae [Perientomidae] NL07
         |--*Papuapsocus caudatus Mockford 2005 NL07
         |--Proentomum Badonnel 1949 M93
         |    `--*P. personatum Badonnel 1949 M93
         |--Lepium Enderlein 1906 L02
         |    `--L. enderleini Banks 1937 L02
         |--Neolepipsocus Li 1992 L02
         |    `--*N. chinensis Li 1992 L02
         |--Perientomum NL07
         |    |--*P. trichopteryx [=Amphientomum trichopteryx] NL07
         |    `--P. corticola Vaughan, Thornton & New 1989 NL07
         |--Soa Enderlein 1904 M93
         |    |--*S. dahliana Enderlein 1904 NL07
         |    |--S. angolana Badonnel 1955 B55
         |    |--S. flaviterminata Enderlein 1906 NL07
         |    `--S. violacea M93
         `--Nepticulomima Enderlein 1906 M93
              |--*N. sakuntala Enderlein 1906 NL07
              |--N. biroiana (Enderlein 1903) NL07
              |--N. bothriata Thornton, Lee & Chui 1972 N75
              |--N. essigkeana Enderlein 1906 N75
              |--N. hoesemanni (Enderlein 1903) NL07 [=Perientomum hoesemanni S95]
              |--N. jacobsoni Enderlein 1926 NL07
              |--N. latisquama Enderlein 1926 NL07
              |--N. lusiae Thornton 1981 NL07
              |--N. orientalis New 1975 N75
              |--N. penicillata Enderlein 1926 NL07
              |--N. sumatrensis Vaughan, Thornton & New 1991 NL07
              `--N. uniformis Vaughan, Thornton & New 1989 NL07

*Pteroxanium kelloggi (Ribaga 1905) [=Lepidilla kelloggi; incl. Hyperetes brittanicus Harrison 1916, Tasmanopsocus litoralis Hickman 1934, Pteroxanium squamosum Enderlein 1922] M93

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B55] Badonnel, A. 1955. Psocoptères de l'Angola. Diamang Publicações Culturais 26: 11–267.

[B86] Badonnel, A. 1986. Psocoptères de Colombie (Insecta, Psocoptera). Spixiana 9 (2): 179–223.

[L02] Li F. 2002. Psocoptera of China vol. 1. Science Press: Beijing.

[L98] Lienhard, C. 1998. Faune de France. France et Régions Limitrophes. 83. Psocoptères Euro-Méditerranéens. Fédération Française des Sociétés de Sciences Naturelles: Paris.

[M93] Mockford, E. L. 1993. North American Psocoptera (Insecta). Sandhill Crane Press, Inc.

[MW13] Mockford, E. L., & J. J. Wynne. 2013. Genus Cyptophania Banks (Psocodea: 'Psocoptera': Lepidopsocidae): unique features, augmented description of the generotype, and descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 3702 (5): 437–449.

[N75] New, T. R. 1975. Lepidopsocidae and Amphientomidae (Psocoptera) from Malaysia and Singapore. Oriental Insects 9 (2): 177–194.

[NL07] New, T. R., & C. Lienhard. 2007. The Psocoptera of Tropical South-east Asia. Brill: Leiden.

[S95] Smithers, C. N. 1995. Psocoptera (Insecta) of Christmas Island. Invertebrate Taxonomy 9: 529–561.