Caprifoliaceae

Boxleaf honeysuckle Lonicera nitida, copyright Vijverln.

Belongs within: Dipsacales.

The Caprifoliaceae are a group of flowering plants with opposite leaves and more or less monosymmetric flowers.

Characters (from Hickman 1993): Subshrubs, shrubs, vines or small trees. Leaves opposite, simple or compound, stipules generally absent. Flowers with calyx tube fused to ovary, limb generally five-lobed; corolla radial or bilateral, rotate to cylindric, generally five-lobed; stamens generally five, epipetalous, alternate corolla lobes; ovary inferior, one- to five-chambered, single style. Fruit a berry, drupe or capsule.

<==Caprifoliaceae
    |--Kolkwitzia BA03
    |--Weigela BA03
    |--Silvianthus T00
    |--Triosteum himalayanum O88
    |--Leycesteria formosa V09
    |--Symphoricarpos K03
    |    |  i. s.: S. orbiculatus K03
    |    |--S. subg. Symphoricarpos H93
    |    |    |--S. albus H93
    |    |    |    |--S. a. var. albus H93
    |    |    |    `--S. a. var. laevigatus [incl. S. rivularis] H93
    |    |    `--S. mollis [incl. S. acutus, S. hesperius] H93
    |    `--S. subg. Anisanthus H93
    |         |--S. longiflorus H93
    |         `--S. rotundifolius [incl. S. vaccinioides] H93
    |              |--S. r. var. rotundifolius H93
    |              `--S. r. var. parishii H93
    `--Lonicera [incl. Caprifolium] BR65
         |--L. caprifolium C55
         |--L. cauriana H93
         |--L. ciliosa H93
         |--L. conjugalis H93
         |--L. cyanocarpa O88
         |    |--L. c. var. cyanocarpa O88
         |    `--L. c. var. porphyrantha O88
         |--L. etrusca R-RR-GM-S98
         |--L. hispida O88
         |    |--L. h. var. hispida O88
         |    |--L. h. var. bracteata O88
         |    `--L. h. var. setosa O88
         |--L. hispidula H93
         |    |--L. h. var. hispidula H93
         |    `--L. h. var. vacillans [incl. L. hispidula var. californica] H93
         |--L. hypoleuca O88
         |    |--L. h. var. hypoleuca O88
         |    `--L. h. var. glabrata O88
         |--L. interrupta H93
         |--L. involucrata H93
         |    |--L. i. var. involucrata H93
         |    `--L. i. var. ledebourii H93
         |--L. japonica CB06
         |--L. litangensis O88
         |--L. maackii CB06
         |--L. minutifolia O88
         |--L. morrowii NDA05
         |--L. myrtilloides O88
         |--L. myrtillus O88
         |--L. nigra P93
         |--L. nitida H05
         |--L. obovata O88
         |--L. periclymenum P93
         |--L. prolifera NDA05
         |--L. rupicola O88
         |--L. spinosa O88
         |--L. subspicata H93
         |    |--L. s. var. subspicata H93
         |    `--L. s. var. denudata [incl. L. subspicata var. johnstonii] H93
         |--L. tatarica P93
         |--L. webbiana O88
         `--L. xylosteum C55

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BA03] Bergthorsson, U., K. L. Adams, B. Thomason & J. D. Palmer. 2003. Widespread horizontal transfer of mitochondrial genes in flowering plants. Nature 424: 197–201.

[BR65] Black, J. M., & E. L. Robertson. 1965. Flora of South Australia. Part IV. Oleaceae–Compositae. W. L. Hawes, Government Printer: Adelaide.

[C55] Candolle, A. de. 1855. Géographie Botanique Raisonée: Ou exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l’époque actuelle vol. 2. Librairie de Victor Masson: Paris.

[CB06] Christopher, C. C., & G. W. Barrett. 2006. Coexistence of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) and golden mice (Ochrotomys nuttalli) in a southeastern forest. Journal of Mammalogy 87 (1): 102–107.

[H05] Harris, A. C. 2005. House sparrows (Passer domesticus) repeatedly robbing red spider wasps (Sphictostethus nitidus) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) of their paralysed spider prey (Neoramia otagoa) (Araneae: Agelenidae). Weta 29: 21–23.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[K03] Kårehed, J. 2003. The family Pennantiaceae and its relationships to Apiales. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141: 1–24.

[NDA05] Nickrent, D. L., J. P. Der & F. E. Anderson. 2005. Discovery of the photosynthetic relatives of the "Maltese mushroom" Cynomorium. BMC Evolutionary Biology 5: 38.

[O88] Ohba, H. 1988. The alpine flora of the Nepal Himalayas: an introductory note. In: Ohba, H., & S. B. Malla (eds) The Himalayan Plants vol. 1. The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 19–46.

[P93] Pittaway, A. R. 1993. The Hawkmoths of the Western Palaearctic. Harley Books: Colchester.

[R-RR-GM-S98] Ramil-Rego, P., M. Rodríguez-Guitián & C. Muñoz-Sobrino. 1998. Sclerophyllous vegetation dynamics in the north of the Iberian peninsula during the last 16,000 years. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 7: 335–351.

[T00] Thorne, R. F. 2000. The classification and geography of the flowering plants: dicotyledons of the class Angiospermae (subclasses Magnoliidae, Ranunculidae, Caryophyllidae, Dilleniidae, Rosidae, Asteridae, and Lamiidae). The Botanical Review 66: 441–647.

[V09] Verdcourt, B. (ed.) 2009. Additions to the wild fauna and flora of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. XXVI. Miscellaneous records. Kew Bulletin 64 (1): 183–194.